传统主义

Westerner emphasize ethics value with ontology, epistemology relative meaning, it's the congenital defect of" value question" when western traditional philosophy thinking; Though among China traditional philosophies, originated places to embody, but, going with enervation trend of traditional culture and the impacts of western culture, especially, affected by Russian textbook of Marxism, we do not only realize the value natural instinct of China"s traditional philosophy as consciously, and philosophy is studied and comes from the west to think" value question" instead, even in order to coming and study people"s" value problem" western traditional the thinking frames. This is what cause contemporary people and historical origin of the double predicament of philosophy, also is the realism meaning of the animadvert on the present philosophy view.

西方人在与本体论、认识论相对的意义上强调伦理价值，这是西方传统哲学思考"价值问题"的先天性缺陷；虽然在中国传统哲学中，起始处就是体现为以"内求诸己"的方式把握人"生命之道"的价值性的思想，但由于近代以来伴随传统文化的衰弱趋势和西方文化的冲击，使我们一味效仿西方哲学的范式去研究哲学，尤其是受前苏联马克思主义教科书体系的影响，我们非但没有自觉意识到中国传统哲学的"价值问题"指向，反而认为对"价值问题"的哲学研究源于西方，甚至在被马克思终结了的西方传统形而上学的思维框架中来研究人的"价值问题"，这是造成当代人与哲学双重生存困境的历史根源，亦是当代哲学观批判的现实意义。

Bakhtin s translinguistics begins with his criticism on traditional linguistic-philosophical theories,especially on Freudianism and formalism.At the same time,Bakhtin is also influenced by New-Kantism and Marxism.At last,Muscovite ethos also effects in his linguistic ...

巴赫金的语言学思想首先是从批判传统语言哲学理论开始的，特别是对弗洛伊德主义和形式主义的批判，同时，巴赫金又以新康德主义和马克思主义等哲学思想为指导，此外，俄罗斯的民族精神也对其哲学思想产生了一些影响，形成了其独特的语言哲学基础。

From the obligations and purposes defined in the conventional ethics to the cognition and non- cognition theories as well as intuitionism and naturalism in modern meta-ethics, all the different views and disagreements are directly connected with different ideas of the object of ethics.

从传统规范伦理学的义务论与目的论的分歧，到现代元伦理学的认识主义与非认识主义、觉主义与自然主义的争执，无不与对伦理学对象的不同理解直接相关。

In other words, traditional morality is grounded on the transcendental presupposition. However, this view is facing many challenges. Foundationless morality, proposed by the best-known neo-pragmatist Richard Rorty, is among the piercing challenges which criticize the essentialism and foundationalism underlying the traditional view. In addition, Rorty's view of morality without foundations provokes many debates. This article aims at discussing the related debates on Rorty's moral view, which will be illuminating to moral education.

然而，当代道德理论与启蒙理想遭到许多严厉质疑，例如：美国新实用主义哲学家Richard Rorty抨击西方思想传统与道德传统中的本质主义与基础主义，Rorty思想在当代学界也引起激烈探讨，故本文试图厘清Rorty的无基础道德观之内涵，及其相关争议，最后说明Rorty观点与相关论争对於德育的启示，本文认为，Rorty的道德观点可称为「最低限度道德观」：以爱与正义作为主轴之具有实践性与教育性之道德观点。

By analyzing the form of its spatial composition, this thesis tries to find out the continuous relation between Deconstructive Architecture and tradition architecture, which is covered by involuted and multifarious presentations. The highlighted point of Deconstructive Architecture is the reconstruction of space.

本文试图通对解构主义建筑空间构成的形式美学分析，其纷乱、繁杂的形式表象背后找到其与传统建筑形式美学的承接关系；强调解构主义建筑的关键在于对空间的重构，在传统形式美学框架上发展的动态空间构成原则使空间重构成为可能。

The special thing about Liu's art is that his works are not expressions of general emotions (what is commonly known as 'follow the feelings'), or graceful skills, or utilitarian interpretations of practical questions the latter is originated from France in the 18th century and its revolutionary tradition, namely political and utilitarian behaviorism tradition. French didacticism philosophers in the 18th century, just like the early renaissant civic humanists, advocated active and vibrant way of life and fought against ruminative way. They were not interested in metaphysics, and cared about practical issues—moral, mental and social--in their lives. They were confident of human future and held undoubted faith in history progress.

刘永刚的艺术的独特之处，就在于其作品中的表现性，不是一般性的情绪化的表现，不只是我们通常认为的&跟着感觉走&，也不是技巧性的优雅表现，或是对现实问题的功利性的主题解释，后者来源于18世纪的法国及法国革命传统，即政治化、功利化的行动主义传统。18世纪的法国启蒙主义哲学家，像文艺复兴早期的公民人文者一样，崇尚积极活跃的生活，不赞成沉思默想的生活，对形而上学没有兴趣，关心此时此地的人生中的实际问题——道德的、心理的、社会的问题，他们对人类的前途充满了信心，对历史的进步具有毫不怀疑的信念。

In order to gain a better mastery of the actual situation of traditional Chinese culture among English majors, and obtain the understanding of their attitudes toward our traditional culture, the author conducts an investigation and empirical study to the particular group in the form of questionnaires, based on the present situation of traditional Chinese culture and the adoption of Geert Hofstede"s theory of cultural variations as well as Conrad William Watson"s theory of multiculturalism. Resultantly, the author verifies the loss of traditional Chinese culture among English majors and points out the degree of the loss.

为了更好地掌握中国传统文化在英语专业学生中的真实情况，以及了解英语专业学生对我们传统文化的实际态度，本文作者在结合中国传统文化的发展现状，并采用Geert Hofstede的文化差异理论和Conrad William Watson的多元文化主义理论的基础之上，通过问卷形式对这一特殊群组进行了抽样调查和实证研究，结果验证了中国传统文化在英语专业大学生中的丢失，并指出了传统文化的丢失程度。

Further more, since both Marxist economics and German Historical School are the products of the same philosophical tradition, and the tradition is rather parallel to its Chinese counterpart, the re-discovering of German Historical School has great significance either for the creative development of Marxist economics and the inaugurating of China's own economic schools.

此外，马克思经济学在主体上与德国历史学派都是同一种哲学传统和经济学传统的产物，而这种传统与中国哲学传统之间又具有惊人的相似性，这对于马克思主义经济学的创造性发展和开创中国经济学研究传统都具有重大的启发意义。

Jung was especially knowledgeable in the symbolism of complex mystical traditions such as Gnosticism, Alchemy, Kabala, and similar traditions in Hinduism and Buddhism.

Jung在传统神秘主义的象徵意义上特别有创见，例如Gnostic主义、炼金术、犹太教的神秘哲学，以及其他在佛教和印度教的传统。

In addition, the traditional Marxism neglects the poverty of non-producer such as those unable to work. Cohen points out that, due to the flaws above, the traditional Marxism cannot give an effective refutation to Nozick's justification of capitalism. Fourthly, according to Cohen, the traditional Marxism resorts to the principle of self-ownership held by Nozick when it tries to prove the necessity of equality and to vision the socialist principle of distributive justice as well as to criticize the injustice of capitalism. Thus the traditional Marxism holds the same premise with Nozick's theory of justice in holdings, so it's easy to be attacked by Nozick, let alone an effective refutation to Nozick.

第四，传统马克思主义本身在对平等必然性的证明、对社会主义分配正义原则的构想、对资本主义不正义的批判等方面，都没有拒绝诺齐克持有正义理论所坚持的自我所有原则，这就造成了传统马克思主义与诺齐克持有正义理论拥有同一个前提，所以就容易受到诺齐克持有正义理论的攻击，也就谈不上有效回击诺齐克持有正义理论为资本主义所作的辩解和对社会主义的否定了。

As she looked at Warrington's manly face, and dark, melancholy eyes, she had settled in her mind that he must have been the victim of an unhappy attachment.

每逢看到沃林顿那刚毅的脸，那乌黑、忧郁的眼睛，她便会相信，他一定作过不幸的爱情的受害者。

Maybe they'll disappear into a pothole.

也许他们将在壶穴里消失