传统主义

Farther, this chapter tries to hold a dialogue between the native and the West on a new level of Sino-western mutual understanding, thus, the chapter, with the basic idea of"comparison equals dialogue", launches a discussion focusing on four features: the widely-ranged introduction from anti-alienation spirit, modern humanitarianism and individualism in Western modern art to the anti-Confucianism in Chinese cultural tradition; the seek for the essence of Western modern abstractionist art in Chinese traditional intellectual art atmosphere; the decoding of Western modern non-rationalism based on native cultural tradition; and the discussion on relations between"The Harmony Between Heaven and Man"and Western postmodernism.

于是本章基于"比较即对话"的观念，围绕四个问题展开了讨论：从西方现代艺术的反异化精神、现代人道主义、个人主义说到中国的"反儒文化"传统；在中国传统文人艺术境界中寻找西方现代抽象艺术的真谛；对西方现代非理性主义进行基于本土文化传统的解读；探讨天人合一精神与西方后现代主义的联系。

Having employing Brechtian devices in general, her plays become the new buds of Brechtian theatre in England. Moreover, Churchill has widely experimented with some components of surrealism, absurdism, postmodernism, and even the cruel theatre. She has apparently developed her characteristic style and artistic spectacle.

凯萝。邱吉尔的舞台剧创作在总体上继承了德国戏剧大师布莱希特的叙事剧传统，是布莱希特戏剧传到英国后在英国的气候和土壤中绽出的新蕾，同时又突破了传统的叙事剧风格，融入了超现实主义、荒诞派戏剧、后现代主义乃至阿尔托的"残酷戏剧"的艺术因素，贯注了凯萝。

While inheriting the tradition of Marxism and the Frankfurt school, Andrew Linklater deeply explored three kinds of traditions of realism, rationalism and revolutionism in international relation studies, and pointed out the direction of the critical theory of international relation studies.

林克莱特继承了经典马克思主义传统和法兰克福学派的研究旨趣，深入探讨了国际关系理论的现实主义、理性主义和革命主义三种研究传统，提出了国际关系批判理论的研究方向。

The special thing about Liu's art is that his works are not expressions of general emotions (what is commonly known as 'follow the feelings'), or graceful skills, or utilitarian interpretations of practical questions the latter is originated from France in the 18th century and its revolutionary tradition, namely political and utilitarian behaviorism tradition. French didacticism philosophers in the 18th century, just like the early renaissant civic humanists, advocated active and vibrant way of life and fought against ruminative way. They were not interested in metaphysics, and cared about practical issues—moral, mental and social--in their lives. They were confident of human future and held undoubted faith in history progress.

刘永刚的艺术的独特之处，就在于其作品中的表现性，不是一般性的情绪化的表现，不只是我们通常认为的"跟着感觉走"，也不是技巧性的优雅表现，或是对现实问题的功利性的主题解释，后者来源于18世纪的法国及法国革命传统，即政治化、功利化的行动主义传统。18世纪的法国启蒙主义哲学家，像文艺复兴早期的公民人文者一样，崇尚积极活跃的生活，不赞成沉思默想的生活，对形而上学没有兴趣，关心此时此地的人生中的实际问题——道德的、心理的、社会的问题，他们对人类的前途充满了信心，对历史的进步具有毫不怀疑的信念。

Section two analyzes supernaturalism and European literature tradition,from Greece literature to natural poem tradition arriving again to civil literature,inquirying into the relationship of supernaturalism verse creations with them one by one.

第二节分析超自然主义与欧洲文学传统，从古希腊文学到自然诗(来源：ABC64论文e5网www.abclunwen.com)传统再到民间文学，逐一探讨超自然主义诗歌创作与它们之间的关系。

Section one is the introduction of Dadaism and Superrealism separately, and also their relationship with each other; Sections two is the expression and meaning of Dadaism and Superrealism in Satie" s piano works, to feel the themes of "Aesthetics involved.

第一节是传统有序结构在萨蒂钢琴作品中的表现；第二节是无序结构在萨蒂钢琴作品中的表现，分为两部分进行论述，第一部分分别介绍达达主义和超现实主义以及两者之间的关系；第二部分论述达达主义和超现实主义在萨蒂钢琴作品中的体现及意义，以此来探究萨蒂钢琴作品中的美学思维。

However, during New Trend '85, Gu Wenda differentiated himself from most artists of Chinese Painting of the time and showed his contemporary consciousness by experimenting on traditional ink painting materials and techniques. This brought out a new possibility for the contemporaneity of Chinese Painting. Since then, unremitting efforts have been made to "modernize" Chinese Painting through traditional abstract elements like ink-wash and Calligraphy. These efforts streamed into a new trend called "modern ink"(or "abstract ink","experimental ink") in late 1980's, though seemed not widely acknowledged for its resemblance to Abstract Expressionism of 1960's and 1970's American art. What is interesting is that while some artists are endeavoring to "westernize" their art, a new trend grouped as "Neo-literati Painting" appears with very traditional form and mood. This can be explained as a group of people's resistance to the reformation of traditional culture as well as their nostalgia to traditional ideals. However, this school tends to be artificial for the absence of the particular context, and the expression with traditional brushwork is also regionally limited. Of all the efforts of reformation, Chinese Painting that accordingly adopts the tradition heads the list because of the cultural identification of the big number of population and greater market as a result of the economic growth of China. Meanwhile, the immense conservative inertia of traditional Chinese culture can also be detected.

在"现代艺术"风起云涌的"85新潮"中，谷文达以传统水墨的材料和方法表达出不同于当时大多数中国画艺术家们这种文化心态和文化认知的现代意识，为中国画的现代性提供了一种方案；以水墨、还有选择中国传统书法的抽象因素等可能来进行现代性探索，一直是中国画连绵的努力，在80年代后期汇聚成"现代水墨"（又或曰"抽象水墨"、"实验水墨"），是中国画的又一流向，但是不是没有脱离60、70年代美国的"抽象主义"意义，反而还有了拾人牙慧之嫌，所以始终难以获得更大的认可和成功；很有趣的是，与此"西化"流向同时的，还有以非常传统的方式出现的"新文人画"潮流，或许可以把这看着是部分中国文化人在中国以西方为参照的新文化背景下对之的抵制，对传统理想的怀念和诉求，但由于已经失去了其语境和环境，"新文人画"显得娇情和造作，而且这种以非常地域化的传统笔墨语言来表现的方式也失去了更为普遍化的可能；反而是延续传统一脉的国画，由于有巨大的人数基础的本土文化的认同，在中国经济发展后有了更大的市场，所以还是蔚然为中国画的一大潮向，从这也可以看到中国文化承传的保守性的力量。

The third part inspects the criticism of feminism to androcentric in science, which mainly embodies scientific objectivity and scientific reasoning.

展示女性主义不仅仅局限于对传统科学的批评，或做简单的修正和补充，而是主张变革传统科学研究范式，挑战其整个基础、假设，建构女性主义自己的科学研究范式，真正消除传统科学的男性霸权。

Judging from its realizing ways, sinicization of Marxism dispends on Marxism's dialoguing with Chinese realities in the way of problem, with interpreter in the way of hermeneutics, and with Chinese traditional culture in the way of communication, and positive creation of Chinese Marxism conducted by the subject of sinicization of Marxism with rational and self-conscious awareness.

从实现路径上看，马克思主义中国化则离不开马克思主义与中国实际、中国文化等层面的&结合&，也离不开马克思主义与中国现实、中国解释者、中国传统文化依次进行的问题式、解释学与交往式&对话&，同时还离不开马克思主义中国化的主体以一种理性自觉的意识对中国形态的马克思主义所进行的积极&创建&。

Walker not only inherits elements from black literary tradition, feminism, and black feminism, she also adds a new dimension to African American literature.

第三章：通过对二十世纪初以来黑人文学传统，女性主义批评，黑人女性主义批评和艾丽丝·沃克的妇女主义理论的论述，探讨影响沃克妇女主义理论的历史文化渊源，明确妇女主义的具体含义。

As she looked at Warrington's manly face, and dark, melancholy eyes, she had settled in her mind that he must have been the victim of an unhappy attachment.

每逢看到沃林顿那刚毅的脸，那乌黑、忧郁的眼睛，她便会相信，他一定作过不幸的爱情的受害者。

Maybe they'll disappear into a pothole.

也许他们将在壶穴里消失