传统主义

The thinkers of the Lunyu School fully expressed their persistence of individualism and their reconsideration in literary modernity Yet the persistence and escape existed side by side, this mode of behavior and thinking indicated that the self-subject of the modern scholars was illusive and was hard to carry on when the modern scholars were covered by the powerful tradition and deeply controlled by modernity's consciousness of time Chapter Two Reconsidering on the character of modernity with leisure ampleness, resisting the human alienation caused by modern materialism and mechanism with humor, reaffirming the space of self-expression, which formed the humor, the leisure, the modern, and the aesthetic spirit implication of Lunyu School But the modern scholar's powerful inclining to the tradition made Lunyu School's aestheticism draw close to live in seclusion And its aesthetic modernity is also discounted for that reason Chapter Three It is the emotion and the leisure manner owning by the middle aged people that help to bring about Lunyu School's essay's adjusting in main key and moving massively in theme Lunyu School changed the way for "gaining the experience of life"in the twenties'prose It went from highly enthusiastic writings to reserved life-concerning and recite with appreciation in everyday life

第一章 三十年代左翼文学以其"新"、"进步"和"时代性"确立了自己的合理性地位，而时代思潮的转换、文艺与政治的日益密切使五四自由知识分子所坚持的个人主义成了"落伍""颓废"的表征。论语派自由思想者充分表达了对个人主义的执着、对文学现代性的反思，但坚持与逃逸并存的行为与思维模式表明现代士子在忧生伤世的强大传统笼罩下和一往无前的现代性时间意识的深刻控制下，个人主体的难以为继和虚幻性。第二章以闲适的余裕对奔竞躁进、汲汲功利、一往无前的现代性特征进行反思，以幽默对抗现代物质主义机械主义对人灵智的异化，重申自我表现的空间，构成论语派幽默闲适的现代性审美精神内涵。但现代文人对于传统的强大趋同力，则使论语派审美主义向隐逸文化靠拢，其审美现代性由此大打折扣。第三章中年情感与闲适气度直接促成论语派散文基调上的调整及主题的大幅横移，在趣味、游戏、幽默、闲适中改变了二十年代散文"问世"的径路，从意兴湍飞的激扬文字走向了沉潜适世的生命关怀与日常人生的吟味与咀嚼。

In the furious struggle between newly established Aristotelianism and Augustinianism which insisted the tradition of Platonism, two great theologians and philosophers, Thomas Aquinas and Bonaventure presented themselves, who stood for the highest level of theology and philosophy system at that time. The former one successfully established a new philosophy system using Aristotelianism, and the latter one developed the Platonism-Augustinianism to the peak.

在新兴的亚里士多德主义与坚持柏拉图传统的奥古斯丁主义之间的激烈斗争中，产生了代表那一时代创立神学－哲学综合体系最高水平的两位伟大的神学家、哲学家，即托马斯·阿奎那和波纳文图拉，前者成功地利用亚里士多德理论建立起新的神哲学体系，后者则将柏拉图传统的奥古斯丁主义发展到顶峰。

The characteristics of detachability of functionality of application ofgeneral character and openness in philosophy tradition prove the rationalfoundation of china-marxist philosophy.however,severe challenge that marxist philosophy faces,various wrong reading in the traditional theoretical frame ,its purport of ourtime,and tendency of value and historical mission display and demorstrate practical basis of china-marxist philosophy.therefore,theauthor believes that the process of china-marxist philosophy is the process of modernization of chinese philosophy.only by this,can we construct newformation that not only conforms to essential requirement of"threerepresentatives",but also processes china-marxist philosophy of chinesecharacteristics and chinese style.

哲学传统所具有的可拆解性、应用的功能性、深层可共度性以及开放性等特征从理论上表征并确证了马克思主义哲学中国化的理性依据；而马克思主义哲学在当代所面临的严峻挑战、传统理论框架中的种种误读以及它的当代旨趣、价值取向和历史使命，则宣示并彰显了马克思主义哲学中国化的现实基础；鉴此本文认为，马克思主义哲学中国化的过程正是中国哲学走向现代化的过程，只有在这个过程中，才能建构出既符合"三个代表"根本要求又具有中国特色、中国风格、中国气派的"中国化的马克思主义哲学"新形态。

These include Hegelianism, neo-Thomism, Marxism, as well as the contemporary continental philosophical tradition, ranging from Habermas (with close affinities to the analytic tradition) to Foucault and Derrida.

这又包括了黑格尔主义、新托马斯主义、马克思主义与当代大陆哲学传统，其中当代大陆哲学传统从Habermas（与分析哲学传统相当接近）到Foucault和Derrida（这二者之间微妙的联系委实很多）。

However, Japanese designers are more prefer to symmetric distribution rather than the dissymmetric pattern of the European constructivism, as the core symmetry is one of the components of the Japanese traditional designing. Consequently, they modulated the European constructivism by adding some of the simplified symbolic patterns, which are parts of the traditional designing, i.e. patterns of grass, animals and floras etc. into the Japanese constructive designing.

但是， 日本设计家更加喜欢对称化的布局，而不是构成主义非对称化的方式，中轴对称是日本长期的传统设计的组成部分之一，因此日本的设计对欧洲的构成主义进行了调整，把传统设计中一些简单化的象征性图案，比如花草、动物、植物纹样等等，都加入到日本式的构成主义设计中。

Since it is established as an independent factor and the knowledge system about its generalness and general application is also established by scientific management theory and then becomes an organic part of traditional public administration theory, the uniformity in "management" among scientific management theory, the separation of politics and administration and rational bureaucratic organization theory constitutes management tradition of traditional public administration theory.

管理作为一个独立的功能要素的确立，到科学管理理论建立起关于管理的一般性和普适性知识体系并随之成为传统公共行政理论的有机成分，科学管理理论与政治－行政分离思想、理性官僚制组织理论在&管理&认识上的一致性，构成了传统公共行政理论的&管理&传统，这一传统在新公共管理范式中以具有哲学理论形态的&管理主义&或&新管理主义&的面貌出现，并赋予了&管理&以新的内涵。

After defining the feminine literary criticism from " Female Angle of View ", this paper gives the general description of the practice of Chinese literary criticism since 1900's as well as the analysis of individual characteristics, with the purposes of showing the spirit of creativity and vigorousness in it and giving a summarization of the deficiency in practicing. And all the work is done from three aspects:(1) Reconstruction and construction concentrating on the traditional literary criticism: that is to critique the masculinism in the traditional culture, to get the knowledge of the male writer's gender discrimination, and to find the source of feminine literature by the way of resistance-like reading.

本文从&女性视角&界定了女性主义文学批评的内涵，对20世纪以来中国女性主义文学批评实践，采用总体描述和个体研究特征分析相结合的方式，以彰显女性主义文学批评的学术创新活力、总结其实践中存在的不足为宗旨，从三个方面进行梳理整合：解构与建构，对传统文化的批判：批判传统文化话语中的男性中心主义，解读男性作家的性别歧视，运用抗拒式的阅读方式寻找女性主义文学传统。

Basing on the inspection , the study deems that Gendered Education has influenced deeply by Chinese traditional gender discourse which emphasizes gender differences.The educational tradition integrates the male and female simultaneously, but it was restrained by the fetter of Gender Essentialism.Gender-neutral Education is the production of education resulted from gender discourse of gender equality in modern China.The educational tradition has challenged Gender Essentialism in Gendered Education and endowed the male and female with the identical education right, but it actually has fallen into the Masculinism.

经考察，本文认为：性别化教育深受中国传统男女有别社会性别话语的作用与影响，这种教育传统虽将男女两种社会性别同时纳入教育系统，但受制于了性别本质主义的束缚；性别中立教育是现代中国男女平等社会性别话语作用于教育的产物，这一教育传统挑战了性别化教育传统中的性别本质主义，赋予了男女两性相同的教育权利，但却逐步陷入了男性中心主义。

The thesis is writed, setting its base on the three traditions ( publicanism and liberalism and mentalism) and referring to the ideal lines of positive liberty and negative liberty, it analyses the course of transfer of liberalism theory and the theoretical essential in some works of its typical writer; reviews the statements on economic freedom by Marx.

文中基于自由的三个理论传统：共和主义的传统、自由派的传统、唯心主义自由传统，遵从积极自由和消极自由等思路，分析了经济自由主义的理论变迁过程和一些代表作家的理论实质，回顾了马克思主义对经济领域自由的表述，运用马克思主义唯物辩证法，历史地分析经济领域自由的阶段性发展，得出了一些富有新意的思想。

Feminist psychology reinterprets and deconstructs the concept and methodology of mainstream psychology which influenced by the patriarchy cultu...

女性主义心理学以女性主义立场和态度重新解读和审视传统父权制文化影响下主流心理学的科学观与方法论，着重批判主流心理学所表现出来的传统的男性中心主义的价值标准，试图建立自己的心理学研究模式。

As she looked at Warrington's manly face, and dark, melancholy eyes, she had settled in her mind that he must have been the victim of an unhappy attachment.

每逢看到沃林顿那刚毅的脸，那乌黑、忧郁的眼睛，她便会相信，他一定作过不幸的爱情的受害者。

Maybe they'll disappear into a pothole.

也许他们将在壶穴里消失