传统

the digitized mapping technique is to combine the field data collection system with the computer assisted mapping system in surveys by computer technology.it aims to realize the information collected and processed digitally and automaticaity.the digitized mapping technique can cut short the working time,lighten the labor intensity and enhance the precision of the productions.the system consists of three parts,such as data input,data processing and data output.the survey-record digitized mapping technique is widely used in the digitized mapping working pattern.for its superiority over traditional plane-table mapping in accuracy and efficiency,the large scale digital mapping is becoming more and more popular.compared with traditional analogue mapping,digital mapping has more quality control pivotai points,and its contents and methods are more complex.with the appearance of new technology gps ,the coordinate of different levels controlling points may be surveyed in high precision and it has been applied widely in topographic survey.the operation process of gps electronic tachometer is introduced and its application in topographic survey is br

计算机应用论文，计算机论文， rtk ，全站仪，数字测图，地形测量， gps论文摘要：数字测图是在测量工作中利用电子计算机技术将野外数据采集系统与内业机助制图系统相结合，其目标是实现信息采集处理的数字化、自动化、信息化。数字测图可以缩短作业时间，减轻劳动强度，提高成果精度。数字测图系统主要由数据输入、数据处理和数据输出3部分组成，数字测图作业模式中测记式数字测图应用最为广泛。大比例尺数字测图正以其测图精度高，成图速度快等优势逐步的取代传统的，以平板仪为主的模拟测图。与传统的模拟测图相比，数字测图的质量控制关键点更多、内容与方法更为复杂。gps 新技术的出现，可以高精度并快速地测定各级控制点的坐标，在地形测量中已得到广泛地应用。本文介绍了gps 配合全站仪的作业流程，简要阐明了其在地形测量中的应用。在利用实测数据成图的过程中，解决一些常见的问题，并给出解决的办法及依据，同时给出一些有益的结论，以适应实际使用的需要。

Positive Psychology has become a new force in the field of psychology. Analyzed from the angle of Positive Psychology, problems existing in the traditional mainstream psychology and why it is negative can be illustrated, which can help us to recognize, interpret Positive Psychology and make a better use of its function.

积极心理学已经成为心理学一股新的力量，从积极心理学的视野对传统主流心理学进行探讨，可以发现传统主流心理学存在的问题，理解其消极的原因，也可以帮助我们更好地认识、理解积极心理学，更好地发挥积极心理学的功能。

A powwow is a social gathering of Indian peoples to honor their heritage that has been passed down through generations.

祈祷仪式是印地安人用来表彰他们传统的社交聚会，并藉由此仪式将此一传统传承下去。

The progress was thanks to the pragmatical and individualistic tradition in the common law countries.

其原因主要得益于英美法实用主义的传统和个人主义传统。

With the limitation of the line detection based on traditional Hough transform that the information of the length and the end points of the line is unavailable, a new algorithm which makes use of the accessional strategy based on precognition information is put forward to meet the demand for more information of the line, simulation results show this method is effective. Finally, the whole process of airport target recognition is presented and the result images are also given.

使用分形方法提取目标的特征，在知识指导下，提出了一种基于目标特征模型的降维的形态学分形维数计算方法，对传统分形方法进行了改进，从理论上推证了算法的合理性，并对算法进行了仿真分析；针对传统Hough变换无法获得线段端点和长度信息的局限性，提出了一种基于目标特征先验知识的Hough变换融合策略，通过引入目标先验知识，可以有效地获得直线信息；对信息多而复杂的机场目标采用基于知识的目标识别方法，使用置信度模摘要型实现不确定推理，对目标进行识别判断，将知识贯穿于整个识别过程中，对目标进行了有效地识别。

Firstly, a game model has been established based on the hypothesis and predigestion of traditional market.

论文通过对传统钢材交易市场的简化和假设，建立了传统钢材现货交易的博弈模型。

In 1928, Nanjing Government made some further reforms on criminal investigation system. It abolished the preliminary hearing system.

第四部分，清末民初，侦查制度中的一些传统因素逐渐被现代因素所取代，中国传统侦查现代转型获得初期进展。

It's pointed out that soft sensor will play more important role in field bus network control system. According to this, a crude solution was addressed. At last, we point out that soft sensor technology must used to build an information warehouse for the whole enterprise, combined with data fusion, data warehouse, data rectification and other related technologies. The main contributions of this dissertation are as follows: The background, requirement, and application situation of soft sensors are expounded, the theories, methods and skills of soft sensing technology are analyzed, and the fruits and problems in current soft sensor technologies are summarized. Some new methods of soft sensor is proposed: A principal component analysis-based secondary variable selection method are proposed; A new conception which modeling data should have gross error detection is addressed, and then a cluster analysis-based modeling data gross error detection method is given.

本文的主要贡献有：对软测量技术根据实践的要求进行了一定的理论研究，针对具体问题提出了新的方法：讨论了辅助变量选择问题，研究了基于主元分析的辅助变量选择方法，该方法克服了传统方法只能利用数学模型产生的仿真数据进行最优辅助变量选择的缺点，可以根据历史数据进行辅助变量选择；提出了建模数据显著误差侦破的概念，指出传统的显著误差侦破研究的是已知过程数学模型的情况，而建模时数学模型是未知的，但是直接来自现场的数据并不能保证不含显著误差，并用基于聚类分析的方法解决了该问题，该方法利用聚类分析原理，直接面对过程数据，不需以过程模型为基础，在此基础上给出了软测量建模过程中样本数据的处理方法。

This paper brings up with the theory of Virtual Coordinate Measuring System. The basic theoretic models of the virtual coordinate measuring system are given. This theory of virtual coordinate measuring system makes use of the principle of Time-Space correspondence and turns the time pulses into spatial displacement. The virtual coordinate measuring system can take the place of the scale system in traditional instruments, which has the disadvantages of high cost and difficulty ofproduction.

本文同时提出并建立虚拟坐标测量系统理论；该理论从传统的测量仪器出发，将传统仪器的实物标尺系统虚拟化，克服了实物标尺系统加工制造困难，及造价高等缺点，将硬件结构简化；本文提出并建立初步的虚拟坐标测量系统模型，并在三坐标测量机上建立了一维虚拟坐标测量系统的实验模型，初步分析系统的系统误差与其随机误差源。

For instance, in the westen china, the traditional pro-environment idea of Tibetans, the prairie culture of Mongolian, and ten Moslem minority nations possess very good culture of environment protection.

例如，在中国的西部地区，藏族的传统环保理念、蒙古族的草原文化、以伊斯兰文化为基础的10个少数民族等都具有非常好的传统环保文化。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。