传统

The tradition of new poems is a new type of the self-generation of literary tradition.

新诗的传统是一种文学传统自我生成的新的类型，汉语在近代所发生的变革，是新诗的传统生成中最富有活力的部分。

Except that every period had individual expressions in its corresponding social subjects,reforms in contemporary sculpture were around how language acquires self-formation in line with Chinese contemporary spirits.

除了在每一个时期具有对应的社会主题的个人表达之外，当代雕塑的变革一直是围绕著语言如何获得与中国现代精神一体性的自我形式，当代全球主义的后殖民文化的语言策略的背景下：另一个重要实践则是如何转换中国传统语言和文化象征的现代特征，由于中国传统雕塑的民间性，这一实践实际上是以一个更大的文化符号和象征传统作为改造背景。

Chapter 2 analyzes the traditional self-farming and farming-employed farming methods of the two main features; Chapter 3 is that about when the employer has been artificially cultivated after the elimination, only the self-farming; Chapter 4 is the traditional family smallholder farming production period on the way; Chapter 5 is a special historical period, the period of economic collectivization, In this paper, the period of collective farming as a total cultivated; Chapter 6 is still in accordance with the time and context with it. When the collective total cultivated end, after the family returned to farming, only this time, in family farming with the traditional small family farming periods vary. Chapter 7 is about modern machinery which widely practiced in another way when a new concept of farming and farming methods.

第二章主要分析的是传统社会自耕和雇耕两种耕作方式的主要特点；第三章介绍的是当雇耕被人为的消灭之后，只剩下自耕时的情况；第四章则是到了传统的家庭小农生产时期的耕作方式的介绍；第五章是一个特殊的历史时期，即集体化的经济时期，本文将这个时期的耕作方式称之为集体共耕；第六章仍旧是依照时间脉络顺之而下，当集体共耕结束后，重又回归到家庭耕作的方式，只是这时候的家庭耕作又与传统的小农家庭耕作时期有所不同；到第七章则是现代化机器广泛实行时的又一种全新的耕作理念和耕作方式。

Subsequently, based on the free spirit and unrestrained personality in Qu Yuan and in the tradition of Li Sao, these writers surpass themselves and make the image abundant with new significances. The traditional figure of self-query, of self-exile, and self-criticism, not only passes beyond the tradition of national tragedy, but also retrieves the essence of self-examination. Thus, these writers have obtained more freedom to interpret "Qu Yuan", and the tradition of Qu Yuan in oversea Chinese literatures has been reconstructed with modernity.

之后，借重于屈骚传统中的自由精神、狷狂人格展开自我超越的思路，使新马作家笔下的屈原形象不断呈现新的丰富含义，其自我质疑、自我流放、自我反省不仅走出民族悲剧的屈原传统，而且寻回了&内省&本质，获得了&屈原&言说的更大自由，海外华人文学中的屈原传统也由此得到了一种现代性的建构。

From the angle of "British Gothic novel tradition", based on the examples of classicGothic novels such as The Mysteries of Udolpho, The Italian, The Monk, this articleaims to summarize the essential elements of Gothic novels in the aspects of scene,plot, theme and character, so to establish a new view and interpretation of the"children's novel"Harry Potter. It also analyses the novel's role in inheriting andinnovating Gothic novels'traditions and values, and the cultural significance of itsoverwhelming popularity at the beginning of the new millennium.

本文选取&英国哥特体小说传统&这一角度，以被誉为哥特小说经典之作的《奥多芙的神秘》、《意大利人》、《僧侣》为例，总结了英国传统哥特小说在场景、情节、主题和人物等方面的要素，并由此重新解读惯常被称为&儿童小说&的《哈利·波特》，分析它对哥特小说传统的继承和在新时代背景下的创新，以及其在世纪之交风靡全球的文化意义。

We all know that tourism is not a non-smoke industry. The traditional cultural traveling has already done harm to the cultural and humanist ecological environment in tourist destinations. A lot of traditional cultures are in the danger of disappearance due to tourism. In the minority regions the significance of developing cultural and ecological tourism lies in the preservation of the lo-cal customs and traditional cultures, thus realizing the tourist sustainable development.

旅游并非无烟工业已形成共识，传统的文化旅游方式已对旅游地的文化、人文生态环境造成损害，众多传统文化在旅游的影响下面临消失的危险；在民族文化地区，发展文化生态旅游的意义在于使当地的民族风俗、传统文化得以完整保存，实现旅游的可持续发展。

Recently, as preservation of cultural property is gaining more and more public attention, the important role of conservation treatment on Paintings of Traditional Buildings is accepted. But researches and studies on the related techniques and methods of conservation for Paintings on Traditional Buildings remain deficient in Taiwan. In addition, records and descriptions in projects adapting conservation treatment are poorly listed. Lacking both academic and empirical references, it often misleads staff in the projects to underestimate importance of conscientious and careful training to do conservation. One problem is the belief to easily replace conservators with painting craftsmen to work on conservation treatments.

然而，在文化资产保存观念渐为大众所关心与接受下，彩画修护逐渐为传统建筑修护工程所重视，但国内关於彩画修护技术、方法的论述几乎没有，尤其是近年来在少数采行修复方法的彩画修护案例中，对修复部分的相关纪录与描述更是寥落晨星，以致许多参与修护工程的相关人员对彩画修护方法有极大的误解，误以为不需经过特殊、严谨的「修复」训练，即能以一般传统建筑彩画的施作工法来从事「修复」工作，又或误以为修复师可以替代彩画匠师来进行传统建筑彩画的施作……。

In this paper, test research have been performed on the two important mechanical properties indicator compressive modulus of elasticity and shear modulus. Numerical simulation has been performed on the base of results of test under the situation uniform and uneven thickness of elastomer layer, which analyze internal stress distribution of the elastomeric bearing, as follows:(1) The traditional test methods of compressive modulus of elasticity test are rather cumbersome and take up experimentalists lots of time. This paper has improved the traditional test methods of compressive modulus of elasticity test, which has collected the holding-load time together to concentrate on holding load. The tests have been performed on different types of bearings, which results show that the results of the improved test method conform to the error range regulated by the standard and can effectively save time for the experimentalists, also eliminate the accumulative error.

本文主要对板式橡胶支座的抗压弹性模量、抗剪弹性模量两个重要力学性能指标进行试验研究，并在试验结果的基础上对均匀胶层厚度和不均匀胶层厚度两种情况进行数值模拟，分析橡胶支座内部应力分布规律，具体内容如下：(1)传统抗压弹性模量试验方法比较繁琐，占用试验人员大量时间，本文对传统抗压弹性模量试验方法进行了改进，将持荷时间集中起来进行集中持荷，通过对不同类型支座进行试验，试验结果表明该改进试验方法所得结果符合标准规定误差范围，为试验人员节省了大量时间，并且还消除了传统方法中的累计误差。

The writer try to show the Chinese style in that work, especially the fugue of it representative the music aesthetics features and the meaning of the culture, and also compared it with European traditional Fugue. The writer concluded that the Chinese style of that work, not only embodied on Chinese traditional pentatonic scale, but also the representative significance of Chinese traditional cultures internally.

论述其中的赋格所体现出的古琴音乐之美学特征与文化内涵，并将其与欧洲传统赋格进行对比分析，得出结论：该作品中的&中国风格&不仅仅体现在中国民族的五声性调式与标题性音乐传统，更在于其内在的中国传统文化的象征意义。

YuQiu-yus strong sufferings of the Chinese traditional culture and the humanistic spirits of the Chinese nation originate from his infatuations and intoxications with the Chinese traditional culture. YuQiu-yu submits to the numerous magic power of the Chinese traditional culture. He takes great pride in the long-standing and well-established cultural history of the Chinese nation. The cultural elite are the embodiments of such cultural and national spirits. They take on historical responsibilities of passing on the cultures.

余秋雨对中国传统文化和中华民族人文精神的强烈忧患来源于他对中国传统文化的迷恋与沉醉，余秋雨臣服于中国传统文化的巨大魔力，他为中华民族源远流长的悠久的文化历史而自豪，中国历代的文化精英是这种文化精神和民族精神的化身，他们担负着文化承传的历史使命。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。