传统

The investigation was set off in two levels:first,it points out that we can't continue to use Chinese traditional literary comments simply because contemporary society has more objective factors than Chinese ancient society in the changing of knowledge's formation,detouring of value and steering of cr...

第一个层面，指出由于当代社会比之于中国古代社会有着知识转型、价值转轨和创作转向的客观因素，我们不能简单沿用中国传统文论；第二个层面，在承认前述分析的前提下，论述重建中国传统文论的言说论域的必要性和可行性。总之，中国文论的学科建设，不能固守陈规，同时也不能离开中国传统文论的学科资源。未来的中国文论学科工作，将会围绕这样一种两难情形作出适当的调适。

ChapterⅠintroduces the intention, significance and methods of the research from the angle of Chinese historical phonetics. Following the course of re-examining materials, ChapterⅡsurveys the pattern of rhyme, excerpting the metrical feet, ChapterⅢconnects the rhyme categories, the rhyme of different systems contacting with each other, and literary reading and colloquial reading. ChapterⅣcompares the rhyme cateories of traditional Hua-gu opera in Changsha with traditional rhyme tablesd, as well as those of traditional Hua-gu opera in Shaoyang. The total study is conducted to become united with dialect. ChapterⅤcontains the surplus discussion with three theories: the rhyming quality, the connection between rhyme categories and oral speech, between those of literary readings in traditional Hua-gu opera.

本文正文分为五章：第一章从音韵学角度，讨论了花鼓戏用韵研究的背景、意义以及研究方法；接着谨遵韵脚字系联法的步骤，第二章侧重材料分析，包括甄别材料、审度韵例、摘录韵字，第三章侧重韵部系统，包括归纳韵部、异部相押以及文白异读的情况；第四章对传统剧目的韵部系统进行了纵横(与邵阳传统花鼓戏韵部系统的比较)两条线的考察，结合方言是纵横考察过程中的重要环节；第五章是余论部分，主要讨论了三个理论性问题：长沙传统花鼓戏押韵的性质、韵部与实际语音的关系以及与长沙读书音的关系。

As early as Before Chin Dynasty, the Confucianists had developed the learning tradition that virtue and truth were emphasized equally. Their learning principle was self-cultivation in both benevolence and wisdom, i.e. moral inquiry.The learning tradition of ancient West mainly means the learning tradition created by Socrates and developed by Plato and Aristotle. It paid close attention to existence and the intrinsic consistence of knowledge and benevolence.The Enlightenment had dual influence on existentialism meaning of learning. For one thing, it created conditions for the liberation of human. The call for ration, freedom and democracy aroused inquiry spirit in education. For another,"subject-object" dualism looked oh scientific knowledge as rigid object truth, and human mind became "mirror" to reflect the objective reality. So education degenerated into knowledge indoctrinating and skills training. It depressed inquiry spirit and human creative personality.

先秦以来儒家的学习传统是强调真理与德性并重，儒家的学习原则是仁智双修，德性探究；古代西方的学习传统，主要是指由苏格拉底所开创，经柏拉图、亚里士多德继承和发展的关注人的生存、追求知识与&善&的内在一致性的学习传统；启蒙运动一方面为在教育中实现人的解放创造了条件，对理性、自由和民主的呼唤催生了教育中的探究精神，但另一方面，启蒙理性的&主-客体&二元论性格，使得科学知识变成僵化的客观真理，人的心灵变成反映客观实在的&镜子&，教育由此退变为知识灌输和技能训练的过程，压抑了探究精神和人的创造个性。

I can feel his standpoints and courage to the contemporary culture. But he is unable to use pungent language to criticize the tradition. He uses persuasive dreamland and seemingly sober state to face to it. In another aspect he has cut his ink language off the relations to traditional landscape paintings. Let the audiences in front of his works realize and moved, let the mark shape, kinking, variation objects appear repeatedly in his pictures, so that he subverts all requests in art to traditional pictures. Based on the above, I dare to conclude Liuming is not a "Chinese landscape painting painter", although on the "www. yanzhoucn. com" he insists on calling oneself "the renowned Chinese painting painter".

我能感受到刘鸣对当代文化所持有的立场和勇气，但他又无法用一种辛辣的语言去批判传统，他婉转地用梦境、用似醒非醒的状态去面对；而在另外一个层面，他揭然斩断了传统山水画与其艺术的关系，让观众在其作品前省悟和木讷，让符号状、扭结、变异的物体，在其画面上反复出现，彻底地颠覆了传统画论中对山水画的所有要求；基于上述，我敢断定刘鸣绝不是一个中国山水画画家，尽管他在 yanzhoucn.com 网页上坚持称自己为&著名国画家&。

Yeast J,isolated and screened from traditional soy sauce mashes by modern biotechnology,was utilized in the new technology by which considerable product quality and flavor were obtained compared to that of the traditional product,besides the mechanization,channelization and industrialization of the soy sauce produ...

利用现代生物技术从传统的母子酱油发酵酱醪中分离、筛选出的J酵母添加到绍兴母子酱油新工艺中，产品质量和风味与传统工艺基本相同，并实现了绍兴传统母子酱油机械化、管道化、产业化的生产。

This thesis gains the construction form of xi"an street facility from reflexing on the current street facility, taking xi"an for example, combining traditional elements and city street facility, surveying and analyzing the circumstance of xi"an city"s traditional elements and the form of street facility.

本论文从对当前街道设施问题的反思入手，以西安为例，将传统元素与城市街道设施结合起来，通过对西安城市传统元素与街道设施形式结合的现状调查分析，以及对传统元素与现代生活关系正确认识的比较研究中得出具有历史文化背景的西安街道设施的建设形式。

The engineering question would be shabbier if we unscramble engineering under the knowledge theory and the normal of technology and if we think it is the extension and application of technology.

在本文第一部分，就技术哲学研究的传统进行简要归纳和概括，分析和论述了工程的技术哲学传统产生的背景和人文主义技术哲学传统的批判思想。

In the world, the essence of the tradition, the single movement that created it from the begining and that continues to maintain it in the lives of all follow it, permeates and suffuses all the forms and details of life and perhaps may never be spoken of explicity.

在这个世界里，传统的精髓从一开始就渗透到所有的遵循传统生活当中，不断充满生活的各个方面，也许这是永远说不清楚的。当要想把它说清楚时，用一种熟悉的语言，就犯了以点代面的错误，没有问一问为什么所有其它的形式也是传统的一部分。

It is helpful to push the international understanding forward , to carry the Chinese culture forward, to strengthen the study of temporary visual culture ,and apply the fruit in teaching and alter the traditional pattern of gradually , syncretizing the modern and the traditional.

这一特征有助于推进国际理解，弘扬中国传统文化，加强对当代视觉文化的研究，并将这些成果有效的运用到教学之中，逐步改造传统模式，使传统与现代有机的融合起来。

It contains free spirit of traditional Chinese art,which leads traditional Chinese art to break through the trammels of Confucianism and be natural.

其意义还在于：在汉民族的传统审美中，S形的演变代表了对于意象深层次，对艺术表现深层次的追求，其间蕴含了中国传统艺术那般不羁的自由精神，也才使中国传统艺术不断地突破儒家思想文化束缚而走向自然。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。