传染病的

The pair suspect that everyone will turn out to have narrow chinks in their immune armour that leave them vulnerable to certain infections, and that most life-threatening infectious diseases that strike before puberty will be monogenic—although they are far from proving this.

这两位科学家推测，每个人的免疫系统都有些细微的缺陷使他们容易受到某些感染的侵扰；而大多数在进入青春期之前发作的危及生命的传染病将被证明是被单一基因调控的，虽然他们还有很多的研究工作要做才能证明这点。

Specific applications include de novo sequencing and re-sequencing of genomes, metagenomics, RNA analysis, and targeted sequencing of DNA regions of interest. The hallmarks of 454 Sequencing? are its simple, unbiased sample preparation and long, highly accurate sequence reads, including paired reads.

具体的应用包括基因组的从头测序和重测序、宏基因组学、RNA分析和DNA目标区域的定向测序。454测序系统的特点是样品制备简单且无偏向性，读长超长且准确度高。454测序系统的技术已经催生了各个研究领域的几百项经同行评议的研究文章，例如癌症和传染病研究、药物筛选、海洋生物学、人类学、古生物学等各方面研究。

Haemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome spreads in many countries of Asia, Europe and Africa. The incidence and moutality of the disease is rather high in some areas in China. It is threatening the health and life of the people in our country.

肾综合征出血热是世界范围内广泛流行的以出血、发热和肾脏损害为主要临床特征的急性传染病，它的发病率及病死率较高，严重的危害了人民的健康，已成为世界公共卫生的一个重要问题，受到了各国医学界的普遍重视和研究。

2"People who discriminate against hepatitis B carriers always emphasise the risk of infection but ignore the fact the average adult has a strong immune system and the ways of getting infected are very limited," Ditan Hospital hepatologist Cai Haodong said.

歧视乙肝病毒携带者的人总是过分强调被传染的风险而忽视了大部分的成年人都有非常强大和完善第免疫系统，同时乙肝传染的途径也是非常的有限的。地坛医院的传染病学专家蔡浩东如是说。

In its chaotic dance, the careening balloon mirrors the unpredictable waltz of sunspot cycles, Ice Age's temperatures, epidemics, the flow of water down a tube, and, more to the point, the flux of the stock market.

在这种混沌之舞中，横冲直撞的气球舞出的是难以捉摸的华尔兹，是太阳黑子的周期循环、冰河时期的气温、流行性传染病、水沿着管道的流动，更值得一提的，是股票市场的波动。

85 And 119486/79. They are a novel type of antibiotic having both the wide antibacterial spectrum and high safety of penicillin and cephem antibiotics belonging to beta -lactam antibiotics, as well as the potent antibacterial activity and high beta -lactamase stability of carbapenem antibiotics.Sodium-(5R, 6S)-6-[-1-hydroxyethyl]-7-oxo-3- [-2-tetrahydrofuryl]-4-thia-1-azabicyclo [3.2.0] hept-2-ene-2-carboxylate 5/2 hydrate (faropenem sodium, hereinafter referred to as compound 1) is currently used as an oral drug for various infectious diseases and is reported to show potent antibacterial activity against not only methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyrogenes and Streptococcus pneumoniae but also gram-positive bacteria for which conventional beta -lactam drugs have proved ineffective such as penicillin-resistant pneumococci, oral staphylococci and enterococci, also showing a wide antibacterial spectrum covering gram-negative bacteria such as Haemophilus influenzae and anaerobic bacteria such as the genus Bacteroides, which activity is due to its novel skeleton penem ring (Kagaku Ryoho no Ryoiki The Field of Chemotherapy, Vol.

他们是一种新型的抗生素都具有广泛的抗菌谱和高度的安全青霉素和cephem抗生素，属于β-内酰胺类抗生素，以及作为强大的抗菌活性和高β-内酰胺酶稳定的碳青霉烯类antibiotics.sodium -（ 5 R ， 6 S ）-6 -[ - 1 -羟乙基] - 7 -氧- 3 - [ - 2 - t etrahydrofuryl] - 4 -硫杂- 1 -氮杂双环[ 3 。2.0]庚- 2 -节能- 2 -羧酸5 / 2水合物（法罗培南钠，以下简称为化合物1 ）是目前用来作为口服药物，为各种传染病和报道，以显示强大的抗菌活性，不仅对甲氧敏感的金黄色葡萄球菌，链球菌pyrogenes和肺炎链球菌，但也克阳性菌为常规β-内酰胺类药物已证明无效，如青霉素耐药pneumococci ，口腔葡萄球菌和肠球菌，也显示出广泛的抗菌谱，包括革兰阴性菌如流感嗜血杆菌和厌氧菌如属杆菌，这活动是由于其新颖的骨架青霉烯环（（化学ryoho没有ryoiki领域的化疗），第13卷，第10号，第74-80 ， 1997年）。

There remained the generic conditions imposed by natural, as distinct from human law, as integral parts of the human whole: the necessity of destruction to procure alimentary sustenance: the painful character of the ultimate functions of separate existence, the agonies of birth and death: the monotonous menstruation of simian and human females extending from the age of puberty to the menopause: inevitable accidents at sea, in mines and factories: certain very painful maladies and their resultant surgical operations, innate lunacy and congenital criminality, decimating epidemics: catastrophic cataclysms which make terror the basis of human mentality: seismic upheavals the epicentres of which are located in densely populated regions: the fact of vital growth, through convulsions of metamorphosis, from infancy through maturity to decay.

324截然不同于人为的法则，这里依然存在着按照自然的法则作为对维持整个人类的生存不可分割的部分加诸于人的生物学之基本条件。为了获得有营养的食品，就不得不进行破坏性的杀戮。孤立的个人生存中终极机能那充满了苦恼的性质。生与死的痛苦。类人猿和人类女性那单调的月经，自初潮期一直延续到闭经期。海洋上、矿山和工厂里那些不可避免的事故；某些非常痛苦的疾病以及伴随而来的外科手术；生来的疯颠，先天性犯罪癖；导致人口大批死亡的传染病；在人类心灵深处种下恐怖种子的灾难性特大洪水；震中位于人口密集地区的大地震；历经剧烈变形，自幼年经过成熟期进入衰退期的生命成长的事实。

At a certain range, habitat loss and its spatial structure can benefit the control of the epidemic disease, which indicates the possibility of using human disturbance in habitat as a potential epidemic-control method in conservation.(6) Not only the quantity of habitat loss but also the spatial correlations of patch types caused by nonrandom habitat loss affect the invasion and transmission of disease. More fragmented landscape (high amount of habitat loss, low clustering of lost patches) hinders the parasitic infection, which also indicates that whether the spatial heterogeneity benefits or hinders the invasion is dependent on the considered ecological process.(7) Two components of the spatial heterogeneity (the amount and spatial autocorrelation of the lost habitat) form a trade-off in determining the host-parasite dynamics.(8) Within a certain range of habitat loss, host can counterbalance the positive and negative effects, and shows a rising tendency.(9) The epidemic is more likely to break out in the prey-predator system if only a small amount of habitat loss.(10) A highly aggregated distribution of species is a common behavioral strategy when dealing with habitat loss or other environmental stresses.(11) The parasite-host/prey-predator eco-epidemiological systems have the similar mechanism with the intraguild predation systems, and the predator acts as the intraguild predation, the infected prey acts as intraguild prey, and the susceptible prey acts as shared resource.(12) Species at the highest trophic level are no longer affected the most by habitat loss, which depend not only on the biological mechanism but also on the external environmental disturbances.

随着邻体数目的增加，病毒的感染力度变得更大而且在空间上形成聚集的波形；(5)生境破坏及其空间结构在一定范围内有利于疾病的控制，这暗示人为对生境的干扰可作为疾病控制的一个潜在方法；(6)生境破坏的数量以及不同类型生境的空间分布格局都显著地影响了寄生病毒的入侵和传播，生境破碎化程度越高(高丧失斑块的数量或低聚集程度)，将越有害于病毒的入侵和传播，这暗示了空间异质性是否有益于物种的入侵依赖于所考虑的生态过程；(7)由生境破坏引起的空间异质性的两个组分之间存在负偶联关系trade-off(8在适度的生境破坏范围内，宿主种群能够平衡生境破坏带来的正负两种效应并呈现增长趋势；(9)在捕食-食饵系统中，寄生感染病毒极有可能在生境破坏量较低时爆发；(10)物种在面临生境破坏或者其它环境压力时表现出更高的聚集分布策略；(11)寄生-宿主/食饵-捕食生态传染病系统与共位捕食食物网结构具有相似的生物机制，其中捕食者扮演共位捕食者的角色，已感染食饵作为共位食饵，易感染食饵扮作共同消耗的资源；(12)位于最高营养级水平的种群对生境破坏的响应不一定是最敏感的，这不仅依赖于内在的生物机制同时也依赖于外在的环境干扰。

While a reliable supply of donated blood is vital in modern medicine, it remains the case that blood transfusion comes with its own problems, such as infectious diseases, immunological adverse reactions, and difficulties with long-term storage and transportation of blood components.

当一次捐赠的血的可靠的供应在现代药里是至关重要的时，输血带着它自己的问题来，这保持情况，例如传染病，免疫学的不良反应和有血组成部分的长期存储和运输的困难。

The difference between china poultry industry and international standard is becoming smaller and smaller in breeder,disease control,nutrition and technique after rapid development in china ,but the difference is still big on poultry house environmental control,The effection of house environment improvement on chick health and performance is overlooked . Poultry house environmental control is becoming more and more important in poultry industry.

随着近年来养鸡业的迅猛发展，目前我国在品种、营养、疾病控制和饲养技术方面与国际先进水平的差距逐渐缩小，但在环境控制方面还存在着很大的差距，环境控制对家禽生产的影响一直没有得到应有的重视，在国内目前基本解决了家禽良种引进、烈性传染病控制、营养和饲养技术等问题的前提下，鸡舍环境控制在家禽生产中起着非常重要的作用。

Do you know, i need you to come back

你知道吗，我需要你回来

Yang yinshu、Wang xiangsheng、Li decang,The first discovery of haemaphysalis conicinna.

1〕 杨银书，王祥生，李德昌。安徽省首次发现嗜群血蜱。