传染病的

FMD is a virulent infectious disease caused by FMDV that infects artiodactyl such as cattle, sheep, pig, et al. Outbreak and prevalence of the disease endanger the good development of graziery seriously and cause great financial loss, so all the world highlight study and contol of the disease.

口蹄疫(Foot-and-Mouth Disease，FMD)是由口蹄疫病毒(Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus，FMDV)引起的牛、羊、猪等偶蹄动物感染的一种烈性传染病，该病的发生和流行严重危害畜牧业的健康持续发展，造成巨大的经济损失，因此世界各国相当重视对该病的研究和防治。

FMD is a virulent infectious disease caused by FMDV that infects artiodactyl such as cattle, sheep,pig, et al. Outbreak and prevalence of the disease endanger the good development of graziery seriouslyand cause great financial loss, so all the world highlight study and contol of the disease. Material of the study was FMDV from cell culture.

口蹄疫(Foot-and-Mouth Disease，FMD)是由口蹄疫病毒(Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus，FMDV)引起的牛、羊、猪等偶蹄动物感染的一种烈性传染病，该病的发生和流行严重危害畜牧业的健康持续发展，造成巨大的经济损失，因此世界各国相当重视对该病的研究和防制。

More than 90% of the total incidence of typhoid and paratyphoid were typhoid previously, as the widely use of Vi bacterin, in the middle of 90s in 20th century, the popular strain changed, in some provinces the cases of typhoid decreased, but that of paratyphoid increased largely, with the outbreak trend from spot to part and from inshore provinces to backland provinces. In recent years, paratyphoid becomes the main infectious diease in some areas, and ofen develop to serious epidemic situation. So setting up a rapid and accurate detecting metod is necessary.

以前我国伤寒发病占伤寒副伤寒总发病的90%以上，后来由于伤寒Vi疫苗的广泛使用，20世纪90年代中期，流行菌株发生转变，我国部分省份伤寒病例逐渐下降，而由甲型副伤寒沙门氏菌引起的副伤寒病例却大幅上升，并呈现由散发到局部暴发，由沿海省份向内地省份推进的流行趋势，近几年来成为我国一些地区传染病突发事件的主要病种，常发展成重大疫情，急需建立快速、准确的诊断方法。

Based on a series of analysis for the relevant data during the period of 1950~1989, the relationship between the ozone layer variation/ solar activity and the periodically prevalent features of two kinds of human infectious diseases in China, the epidemic cerebrospinal meningitis and human plagueepisodes, is presented and analyzed for the first time in this paper.

通过对1950~1989年间一系列有关资料进行分析，首次研究和报道了臭氧层变化、太阳活动与流行性脑脊髓膜炎及鼠疫传染病发病率流行周期特征之间的关系。结果表明，从较长时段看，臭氧层变化、太阳活动与ECM、HP年发病率间存在着较为密切的相关关系；从较短时段看，发病率的季节变化与某些气象因子的变化有一定的关系。此外，本文还提出了一个解释这两类疾病周期流行机制的简单模型

Clinical practice is the school continuation and deepening of the theoretical knowledge and clinical practice of the important stage,infectious diseases specialist nursing care is an important component of the disease because of the special nature of their work.

临床实习是学校教育的深化和延续，是理论知识和临床实践相结合的重要阶段，传染病护理是专科护理的一个重要组成部分，因疾病性质的特殊，其实习的带教工作有其独特性。

It suffices to think of these four trends alone (leaving pandemics, police states, race wars, and drugs out of the picture) for us to realize that in each of these areas no serious counterforce exists anywhere in the world, and certainly not in the United States, which is itself the cause of most of them.

只要想想这四种威胁的趋势（导致传染病，警察国家，种族战争，以及不相关的毒品）就足以使我们认识到，在这些领域的任何一个当中，世界上任何地方都没有真正有力的对抗力量，当然在美国是没有的，因为美国本身就是造成大部分这些威胁的原因。

Only by this integrated approach can we fully account for the complex interplay between infectious pathogens and the immune system, drug therapy or vaccine interventions and other key contributors to the growth of a pathogen in-host.

只有通过这种综合方法，我们才能充分帐户之间的复杂相互作用和传染病病原体的免疫系统，药物疗法或疫苗的干预措施和其他重要贡献的增长病原体在宿主。

Then the Nursing Department expanded and formalized the plan of health education on the basis of strengthening the training to the backbone of the health education contingents.

传染病住院病人健康观念的更新，健康需求的增加赋予健康教育更加丰富的内涵，促进了健康教育质量管理观念的转变。

This was later done by a group of British scientists at Oxford University, headed by Howard Florey, who begin their work in 1939,motivated in part by the impending World War II and the knowledge that infectious disease was at that time the leading cause of death among soldiers on the battlefield.

这些工作是后来由弗洛里带领的一群英国牛津大学科学家完成的。他们是在1939年开始研究的，当时第二次世界大战即将爆发和人们已了解了传染病是战场上战士死亡的主要原因。

In an effort to understand why severe leptospirosis is such an urban phenomenon in this part of the world, Joe Vinetz, an infectious disease expert at the University of California, San Diego, and colleagues have been studying the disease in and around Iquitos.

在世界的某些地方为什么钩端螺旋体病是一种城市现象，为了深入理解这一点，加州大学圣迭戈分校的传染病专家Joe Vinetz和他的同事们研究了伊基托斯市内及周边的这种疾病情况。

Do you know, i need you to come back

你知道吗，我需要你回来

Yang yinshu、Wang xiangsheng、Li decang,The first discovery of haemaphysalis conicinna.

1〕 杨银书，王祥生，李德昌。安徽省首次发现嗜群血蜱。