传染性病毒

With our model, we analyse some properties of computer virus and give the formal definitions of " benignant virus "," malicious virus " and " mutating virus ".

摘 要：在分析计算机病毒有关性质的基础上，指出Adleman病毒模型的最大不足在于没有体现病毒传染性这一根本特征，将一些没有传染特性，甚至根本不具有破坏性的函数也归于病毒集合。

In that context, the statement that the new virus is more contagious than seasonal flu is not surprising, but it appears to be the first time the WHO has offered any specific figures comparing the contagiousness of the novel virus and seasonal flu.

在这种情况下，预期新病毒比季节性流感的传染性更强并不奇怪，但这似乎是WHO第一次用具体的数字对新病毒的传染性和季节性流感作比较。

The WHO statement goes into more detail. It says the virulence of the virus largely determines the number of severe illnesses and deaths, but many other factors influence the overall severity, including the contagiousness of the virus, the age distribution of cases, the prevalence of chronic health problems and malnutrition in a population, viral mutations, the number of waves of illness, and the quality of health services.

WHO在声明中进一步解释，病毒的毒性主要会决定重症和死亡病例的数量，但影响流感暴发严重程度的还有其他的因素，包括病毒的接触传染性、发病的年龄分布特点、是否更会在慢***和营养不良人群中流行、病毒的变异性、暴发期的次数和医疗服务的质量等。

Infectious Atypical Pneumonia also known as severe acute respiratory syndrome formally declared by the World Health Organization, is a respiratory viral illness caused by a coronavirus called SARS-associated coronavirus with the epidemiological characteristics such as high contagiousness, heavy illness, rapid progression, and causing serious harm to life.

传染性非典型肺炎，世界卫生组织命名为严重急性呼吸系统综合征(severe acute respiratory syndrome，SARS)，是一种由变异冠状病毒(SARS-associated coronavirus，SARS-CoV)感染引起的急性呼吸道传染性疾病，具有传染性强，病情重，进展快，危害大等流行病特点。

There are three sections in this dissertation: 1 quantification of gene expression in chicken embryo fibroblasts and virus load in bursal Fabricius infected with infectious bursal disease virus, the recombination of infectious laryngotracheitis virus and pathotyping of Newcastle disease virus.

本论文包括三个部分：1传染性法氏囊病病毒对鸡成纤维细胞某些基因表达的影响和病毒在法氏囊与粪便中的定量研究；2传染性喉气管炎病毒的重组；3新城疫病毒的分型研究。

German virologist recently confirmed that green tea in one of the active ingredient in a state of high concentration can be significantly reduced I-type infectious HIV, the researchers of this active ingredient of anti-virus mechanism put forward to explain.

德国病毒学家最近证实，绿茶中的一种活性成分在高浓度状态下能明显降低I型艾滋病病毒的传染性，研究者对这种活性成分的防病毒机理提出了解释。

Four field strains of infectious bronchitis viruswere isolated from chicken kidney, trachea and lung of the young layer flocks in some regions of Shaanxi province. Biological characterizations of the virus were investigated by virus pathogenicity to chicken embryo and healthy chickens, hemagglutination test, hemagglutination inhibition test, dwarfing embryonated chicken eggs, electron microscopy and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. It demonstrated that allantoic fluid of each passage virus could hemagglutinate chicken red blood cells by treatment with 1% trypsin. The standard positive serum to IBV could inhibited the hemagglutination. The isolates could make respiratory and kidney diseases in chickens.

采集陕西省宝鸡市、扶风县、兴平市和榆林市等地鸡场疑似传染性支气管炎发病鸡病料，通过9～11 日龄非免疫鸡胚进行了病毒的实验室分离和传代，并对分离毒株进行了病毒的血凝性、血凝抑制性、致病性、鸡胚矮小化、电镜特征等生物学特性鉴定，结果表明，4 株分离株经1%胰酶处理后的各代病毒尿囊液均可凝集鸡红细胞，标准阳性血清可特异性的抑制其凝集性，回归试验可复制出与自然发病相同的病例，病毒传代物有明显的致鸡胚矮小化作用，透射电镜下可见有近似球形、直径100 nm左右的冠状病毒粒子，将分离鉴定的4 株IBV 定名为BJ-04、FF-04、XP-03 和YL-04。

In order to improve the viral detection method in shrimp, a more rapid and convenient multiplex reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction was established in the present study. The new method was used for detection of shrimp viruses, including Yellow-head virus, white spot syndrome virus, Taura syndrome virus, hepatopancreatic parvovirus, infectious hypodermal and hematopoietic necrosis virus and monodon baculovirus.

为了提高对虾病毒检测的快速性和简便性，建立了一种可同时检测6种对虾病毒的RT-PCR方法，并利用该方法对来自广西沿海地区的130份病虾样品中的黄头病毒、白斑综合征病毒、桃拉病毒、肝胰腺坏死病毒、传染性皮下组织坏死病毒以及杆状病毒进行了检测。

In this study, we refer to the NCBI database to design primers which are used for amplification of the gene fragment of hepatopancreatic parvovirus、infectious hypodermal and hematopoietic necrosis virus and taura syndrome virus.

本研究从NCBI database资料中，分别在肝胰小病毒(hepatopancreatic parvovirus， HPV)、传染性皮下及造血组织坏死病毒(infectious hypodermal and hematopoietic necrosis virus， IHHNV)和桃拉病毒(taura syndrome virus， TSV)等三种常见之虾病毒中，各选出一段壳蛋白基因，利用重组蛋白的方式，在大肠杆菌中大量表现。

With this in mind, the researchers then reanalysed data from knowingly HIV-positive heterosexual subjects in Uganda and Zambia who had HIV-negative sexual partners. Those with a viral load of one million particles per millilitre were more than ten times more likely to accidentally infect their partners each year than those with a load of one thousand.But when the researchers calculated the transmission potential over the entire predicted asymptomatic period, those with viral loads between ten thousand and a hundred thousand copies per millilitre of blood were the most likely to infect their partners. HIV-positive subjects with viral counts of 50,000 infected roughly twice as many people as those with counts of one million.

伦敦帝国学院流行病学家Christophe Fraser和他的同事对收集于1982年到1993年之间的100多例HIV阳性的男性同性恋者的数据进行分析，并结合分析来自乌干达和赞比亚的已知有HIV阴性性伴侣的HIV阳性异性恋受调查者的资料，他们发现中度病毒负荷而无症状的HIV携带者更易播散HIV，这是因为中度病毒负荷的HIV携带者的无症状期较长，而那些高病毒负荷而无症状的HIV携带者虽然传染性稍强，但其传染的持续时间却很短，并且在未经治疗的HIV携带者个体中中度病毒负荷是最常见的人群。

Do you know, i need you to come back

你知道吗，我需要你回来

Yang yinshu、Wang xiangsheng、Li decang,The first discovery of haemaphysalis conicinna.

1〕 杨银书，王祥生，李德昌。安徽省首次发现嗜群血蜱。