传教士的

Besides, the following two features of the book seem to be very incomprehensible: on the one hand, the book includes a full-scale version of Western astrology, not only medical and meteorological one permitted by the Catholic Church, but even natal astrology forbiden by the chruch as well; on the other hand, at the high time when the Tychonic system of calendrical astronomy constructed by Johann Terrenz Schreck (1576-1630), Johann Adam Schall von Bell (1591–1666) and Giacomo Rho (1593－1638) had been contributed by Schall himself to the newly founded Qing dynasty which had officially adopted it immediately, Smogulecki was preaching in the book a system based on Philippe van Lansberge's (1516 – 1632) heliocentric astronomy, and openly claimed that Schall's Tychonic system still committed a number of deficiencies and was outdated, and therefore should be replaced with the Lanbergian system.

另外，该书的两大特点也令人不解：首先，其中包含有完整版本的西方星占学知识，不仅包括天主教会允许的医学和气象星占，而且还包含受教会禁止的生辰星占；其次，在汤若望(Johann Adam Schall von Bell，字道未，1591–1666)等人介绍到中国来的弟谷天文学系统已经被清朝政府正式采纳，传教士的信誉已经微妙地与这种天文学系统紧密地联系在一起的情况下，穆尼阁居然在书中介绍了以哥白尼"日心地动"说为基础的斯伯格(Philippe van Lansberge， 1516 – 1632)天文学，而且还公然宣称，汤若望引进的系统存在许多不足之处，已经过时，应该用兰斯伯格的天文学加以取代。

In June 1707, Monsignor de Tournon and his entourage, ordered back to Macao under the escort of some Qing officials, lost his personal freedom afterwards.

本文将依据中西档案和文献，考察多罗在华期间所引起的反弹，教徒对礼仪之争的看法，与传教士的互动，以及清廷、官府的政策在各地的反响，对传教和教徒所产生的冲击。

Mutual motivation, as a better adaptative strategy for both parties, is helpful not only to the development of Chinese society,but also to provide a peaceful survival circumstance for foreign churches and Missionaries.

第二章，重在探讨双方为着生存的目的而作出的及时变通，即现实互动，包括湘人与传教士的交往、孔教的创立以及戊戌时期的部分新政等等；指明现实互动是双方较好的适应方略，它不但有助于中国社会的发展，还有助于为外国教会和教士创造较为平和的生存环境。

Besides, the following two features of the book seem to be very incomprehensible: on the one hand, the book includes a full-scale version of Western astrology, not only medical and meteorological one permitted by the Catholic Church, but even natal astrology forbiden by the chruch as well; on the other hand, at the high time when the Tychonic system of calendrical astronomy constructed by Johann Terrenz Schreck (1576-1630), Johann Adam Schall von Bell (1591–1666) and Giacomo Rho (1593－1638) had been contributed by Schall himself to the newly founded Qing dynasty which had officially adopted it immediately, Smogulecki was preaching in the book a system based on Philippe van Lansberge's (1516 – 1632) heliocentric astronomy, and openly claimed that Schall's Tychonic system still committed a number of deficiencies and was outdated, and therefore should be replaced with the Lanbergian system.

另外，该书的两大特点也令人不解：首先，其中包含有完整版本的西方星占学知识，不仅包括天主教会允许的医学和气象星占，而且还包含受教会禁止的生辰星占；其次，在汤若望(Johann Adam Schall von Bell，字道未，1591–1666)等人介绍到中国来的弟谷天文学系统已经被清朝政府正式采纳，传教士的信誉已经微妙地与这种天文学系统紧密地联系在一起的情况下，穆尼阁居然在书中介绍了以哥白尼&日心地动&说为基础的斯伯格(Philippe van Lansberge， 1516 – 1632)天文学，而且还公然宣称，汤若望引进的系统存在许多不足之处，已经过时，应该用兰斯伯格的天文学加以取代。

But the Governor of the Qing Dynasty put Closed-cloorism into practice and it was difficult for the Reverends to missionize in Canton.

但清政府推行闭关锁国政策，实行广州一口通商，因此传教环境相当严峻；被封建思想统治了数千年的中国老百姓，对于基督教这种外来的宗教也并不欢迎；而传教士的一些不法行为，又使得原来就对基督教带有恐惧甚至敌视态度的普通民众，对此更是抱着一种观望的态度。

The first chapter introduced Portugals Padroado and the foundation of Macao Bishop zones , analysed the three major sources of Society of Jesus's outlay: the gain of the Macao-based maritime trade, Portuguese Macao's grants and the salary and reward of the Chinese governments, and evaluated the commercial activities of Society of Jesus, affirmed that Jesuits are not simply missionaries.

第一章介绍了葡萄牙的东方保教权与澳门主教区的建立，并分析了耶稣会经费的三个主要来源渠道，分别是以澳门为基地海上贸易收入、澳门葡萄牙人的资助以及中国政权发给耶稣会传教士的俸禄和赏赐。

I've never been to me hey lady, you, lady, cursing at your life you're a discontented mother and a regimented wife i've no doubt you dream about the things you'll never do but i wish someone had talked to me like i wanna talk to you i've been to georgia and california, anywhere i could run took the hand of a preachman and we made love in the sun but i ran out of places and friendly faces because i had to be free i've been to paradise, but i've never been to me please lady, please, lady, don't just walk away cause i have this need to tell you why i'm all alone today i can see so much of me still living in your eyes won't you share a part of a weary heart that has lived a million lies i've been to nice and the isle of greece while i sipped champagne on a yacht i moved like harlow in monte carlo and showed 'em what i've got i've been undressed by kings and i've seen some things that a woman ain't supposed to see i've been to paradise but i've never been to me hey, you know what paradise is?

嗨！女士，诅咒著自己一生的女士你是个不满现状的母亲，也是个有创意的妻子对你所梦想的事，我并不怀疑但我希望能有人来找我谈心像我找你谈心一样我曾到过乔治亚州和加州和任何我想去的地方牵著传教士的手在阳光下做爱我走遍各地，看尽友善的脸孔只因我想要自由我曾到过天堂，但从来不曾属於自己求求你，女士，别走开因为我必须告诉你，为何我现在孓然一身在你眼里可以看到许多的我何不让我分担你那脆弱的心虽然你活在千万个谎言中我到过尼斯，到过希腊群岛驾著装满香槟的游艇在蒙地卡罗四处游荡展示我的斩获我曾在国王面前宽衣解带也曾看过一些女人不该看到的事物我曾到过天堂但从来不曾属於自己嘿，你晓得什么是天堂吗？

The Disseminating of western aesthetical trend in China originated from the spreading of culture by the priests; developed by Chinese intellectuals' initiative translation of western psychology, educational psychology and philosophy; thrived by Chinese intellectuals' great translation of the outstanding aesthetes' ideal and wrote aesthetical books by themselves.

西方美学思想在近现代中国的译介始于西方传教士的向中国传播西方文化的活动，发展于中国知识者对西方心理学、教育学、哲学思想的主动译介，兴盛于中国知识界大量而系统地译介著名西方美学家的美学思想，以及中国美学家写出的一系列自成理论体系的美学论著。

John of the Cross and his brethren went from village to village instructing the ignorant in Christian doctrine, and her joy knew no bounds when, in 1582, missioners of the order were sent out to the Congo.

她很高兴的时候，圣约翰的十字架和他的弟兄来到村串乡，指示昧於基督教教义，和她的喜悦，知道没有疆界的时候，在1582 ，传教士的命令发送到刚果。

They are popularly called credit organisations and have been set up in many cities of Italy by the magistrates of the cities and by other Christians, to assist by this kind of loan the lack of resources among the poor lest they be swallowed up by the greed of usurers They have been praised and encouraged by holy men, preachers of God's word, and approved and confirmed also by a number of our predecessors as popes, to the effect that the said credit organisations are not out of harmony with christian dogma, even though there is controversy and different opinions regarding the question .

他们是俗称信贷机构和已经建立了许多城市的意大利裁判的城市和其他基督徒，以协助该种贷款缺乏资源在穷人中，以免被吞噬的贪婪高利贷者他们一直赞扬和鼓励神圣男子，传教士的上帝之音，并批准和确认也有一些我们的前辈为教皇，其大意是说，信贷机构没有出和谐与基督教教条，即使有争议和不同意见的问题。

On the other hand, the more important thing is because the urban housing is a kind of heterogeneity products.

另一方面，更重要的是由于城市住房是一种异质性产品。

Climate histogram is the fall that collects place measure calm value, cent serves as cross axle for a few equal interval, the area that the frequency that the value appears according to place is accumulated and becomes will be determined inside each interval, discharge the graph that rise with post, also be called histogram.

气候直方图是将所收集的降水量测定值，分为几个相等的区间作为横轴，并将各区间内所测定值依所出现的次数累积而成的面积，用柱子排起来的图形，也叫做柱状图。