传播媒介

Although public communicative power has gained new growth with American civic media reform movement and practices of citizen media, the construction of public communicative power can not surpass the reconstructing process of modernity – it belongs to the reconstructing process.

虽然通过美国公民媒介改革运动和当今市民媒介的实践，公众传播权力获得了新的生长，但是公众传播权力的建构却是一个系统的社会重建过程的一部分，即现代性的重建，它不可能超越这一过程。

Zoones argues that feminist media studies are condemning media because of its distortion of reality, which underrepresents women in society, and defines feminity as something equal to submission, availability, compliance, and consumption.

范·祖伦对女性主义上述观点的批判集中在两点上：首先是女性主义认为当前的媒介传播是对女性的实际意义及真实处境的"歪曲"。媒介传播的女性形象不具有全面的代表性，将女性定义为服从并服务于男性。

This part proposes the idea that media should pay special attention to the relationship with infector, consumer, competitor and interior staffs. Media should start to plan sustainable development of culture communication, and set agenda with pertinence, so as to carry out social marketing with all communication channels.

该部分认为：媒介社会营销必须注意处理好与影响者、消费者、竞争者、内部员工的关系，进行可持续发展文化传播规划，并根据媒介社会产品不同的情况有针对性地进行议程设置，通过各种传播手段实现社会营销的目标。

Through a multiple-level study above, this study puts forward that: 1 As the present-and-absent、up-and-down phenomenon during the history of news reporting, Media Event has made the effect worthy of consideration, which is profoundly manifested in the ways of remodification of traditional relationship of news production and communication.

经由以上逐层深入的探索，本研究认为：1媒介事件一直起伏隐现于新闻报道发展史之中，已经对新闻报道理念和实践带来了不容忽视的影响，其突出表现在于对传统新闻生产及传播关系的改造。2随着时代与新闻传播实践的发展，客观报道理念开始显露出不足和缺陷，从另一个角度来说，这成为媒介事件"异军突起"的"契机"。3应当对媒介事件加以辩证分析和恰当定位。

Refraction: The change of direction of a light ray or energy wave from a straight line as it passes obliquely from one medium to another in which its velocity is different.

折射：当光线或能量波倾斜着穿过一种媒介到另一种媒介时，由于光线在两种媒介中的传播速度不同，导致其传播方向发生偏转。

This thesis puts forward that podcast as a new kind of internet medium is an inevitable outcome of evolvement of traditional medium. It is a kind of medium of grass roots against traditions, and it characterized by freedom, easy taking, strong interaction, easy threshold, multidissemination, nonfinite dissemination, etc..

本文提出，播客作为一种新型网络媒介形态，其产生是媒介进化的必然结果，它是一种颠覆传统的草根媒介，它具有自由、便携、互动性强、准入门槛低、多媒体传播、非线性传播等特点。

The advantages chiefly consist of below respects: The effect time is long ;The effect extent is vast ;The demonstration behavior that the mass media supplied is more infective ; The means of effect is more diversified ;Audience learns more willingly; the mass media affect audience behavior more permeably. The information of the mass media changed quickly, it reflected the specific of the age, and this kind of feature is very helpful for audience to learn new behavior and to adapt the society, which develops fast.

这种优势体现在以下几方面：影响时间长；影响范围广；大众媒介提供的示范行为更具感染性；影响的方式更加多样；受众在大众媒介的影响下，学习更具自觉性；大众媒介影响受众行为的渗透性；大众媒介信息传播速度快，更新频率高，反映时代特色，这对于受众快速地学习新的行为模式以适应飞速发展的社会是十分重要的。

The printing media is kept easily and read by the teachers and students everywhere and everytime. The electronic media's feature is faster, effective, presentive and cordial. The new media is mainly composed of the internet media, its feature is interactive, faster, extensive and open. The effective social control measure is taken to enhance the university media culture.

印刷媒介容易保存，便于大学师生随时随地翻阅；电子媒介的特点是速度快、时效性强，具有很强的现场感，亲切感人；新媒介主要包括网络媒介，其特点是传播大学文化具有交互性、速度快、广泛性、开放性。

Driven by commercial interests, mass media has, by utilizing its right to speech in public domains, mythicized football, a widely influential mass cultural form, and turned football into the main body of mass media for spreading sports information, which has resulted in the deprivation of the right of sports audience to enjoy multi-element sports information, and the distortion of the sports communication behavior of mass media under the guidance of commercial logic, and has done a certain degree of harm to the healthy development of the sports un-dertaking.

摘 要：大众媒介在商业利益的驱动下利用其在公共领域内的话语权，将足球这一影响广泛的大众文化形式神话化，使其成为大众媒介体育信息传播的主体，导致体育受众享受多元体育信息的权利被剥夺，同时也使得大众媒介的体育传播行为在商业逻辑的主导下发生了畸变，给体育事业的健康发展造成了一定程度的危害

Cees Hamelink said, at Seminar on Communication Development and the International Programme for the Development on communication in 1984, that as social scientists we are always better at criticizing bad models than at presenting new model. Most of us written extensively and critically about How lerner and Schramm and Rogers have inadequately dealt with all these things, and they have admitted their mistakes themselves, but none of us has really come forward with, a new and better model.

在如何改进大众传播促进乡村发展的功能这一核心问题方面，本文提出了：1）加强&小媒介&的作用；2）充分利用乡村基层组织正式团体渠道多级传播作用；3）注意挖掘和激发乡村&精英分子&的&言传身教&作用；4）提高媒介工作者素质，在知识化、年轻化、专业化方向努力；5）改进领导艺术，适应调整媒介管理体制等方向性建议。

I didn't watch TV last night, because it .

昨晚我没有看电视，因为电视机坏了。

Since this year, in a lot of villages of Beijing, TV of elevator liquid crystal was removed.

今年以来，在北京的很多小区里，电梯液晶电视被撤了下来。