传导

The book covers the latest advances of the fields of perception, transduction and responses to most biotic and abiotic signals met in a plant life, including light perception and transduction, wound- and mechanical signalling, the role of active oxygen species in plant signal transduction, heat stress signalling, cold acclimatation, dehydration, salt stress, recognition and signalling in interactions between plant and bacteria, fungi, viruses, as well as Rhizobia-legumes interactions, rhizospheric signals, ectomycorrhizal symbiosis, and plant-insect interactions.

该书内容覆盖了植物生命对大部分生物与非生物信号感知，传导和反应，包括光感知和传导，损伤和机械信号传导，活性氧在植物信号传导中的作用，热胁迫信号传导，冷适应，脱水，盐胁迫，植物与细菌，真菌，病毒相互作用中的识别和信号传导，以及根瘤菌与豆类的相互作用，球形根瘤菌的信号，外生菌根共生现象，和植物与昆虫之间的相互作用。

The conductibility of a structure, especially the ability of a nerve to transmit a wave of excitation.

传导性组织的传导性，尤指神经对兴奋的传导能力

Then positively ana.lyzed transmission effect of monetary policy of China in recent years, and with relative theories, discussed rr~ore deeply the existing principal problems on transmission mechanisms of monetary policy in our state under the realistic institutional situation of economy and finance:(1)Monetary policy tools lag behind the economic and financil background;(2)Separated and uneven money markets, the lack of transaction agents and defect in the relation between money markets and c~potal markets, have rendered the transaction of monetary policy lack on effective channel;(3)over-speculating, illegal operation and insufficient competition have severely weakened the transmission fumction;(4) systematic defect of state -owned commercial bank, asymmetry between financial and economic composition have made monetary policy lose an effective carrier;(5) factors beyond the financial system, such as soft cornstraint over state - owned enterprises policy decision, imperfect social insurance system, etc.

接下来对我国近年来的货币政策传导效果进行了实证分析，在此基础上运用相关传导机制理论并结合我国实际经济、金融制度与环境论述了我国当前货币政策传导机制的主要问题：（1）货币政策工具相对于经济、金融环境显得落后；（2）货币市场的分割、不平衡、交易主体不全以及货币市场与资本市场的联系机制缺位使得货币政策缺乏一个有效的场所；（3）资本市场特别是股票市场的过渡投机、违规操作以及不充分竞争严重地削弱了证券市场的传导功能；（4）国有商业银行现行体制的缺陷，金融结构与经济结构的非对称使得货币政策传导受阻；(5)金融体系外的因素（如国企决策行为软约束、社会保障制度不健全）。

Then positively ana.lyzed transmission effect of monetary policy of China in recent years, and with relative theories, discussed rr~ore deeply the existing principal problems on transmission mechanisms of monetary policy in our state under the realistic institutional situation of economy and finance:(1)Monetary policy tools lag behind the economic and financil background;(2)Separated and uneven money markets, the lack of transaction agents and defect in the relation between money markets and c~potal markets, have rendered the transaction of monetary policy lack on effective channel;(3)over-speculating, illegal operation and insufficient competition have severely weakened the transmission fumction;(4) systematic defect of state -owned commercial bank, asymme try between financial and economic composition have made monetary policy lose an effective carrier;(5) factors beyond the financial system, such as soft cornstraint over state - owned enterprises' policy decision, imperfect social insurance system, etc.

接下来对我国近年来的货币政策传导效果进行了实证分析，在此基础上运用相关传导机制理论并结合我国实际经济、金融制度与环境论述了我国当前货币政策传导机制的主要问题：（1）货币政策工具相对于经济、金融环境显得落后；（2）货币市场的分割、不平衡、交易主体不全以及货币市场与资本市场的联系机制缺位使得货币政策缺乏一个有效的场所；（3）资本市场特别是股票市场的过渡投机、违规操作以及不充分竞争严重地削弱了证券市场的传导功能；（4）国有商业银行现行体制的缺陷，金融结构与经济结构的非对称使得货币政策传导受阻；(5)金融体系外的因素（如国企决策行为软约束、社会保障制度不健全）。

First, the article introduces main theories of interest rate transmission mechanism in western countries, and then studies the actuality of the effect of interest rate transmission mechanism in China demonstratively. After that, based on the essential analysis of

文章首先介绍了西方货币政策利率传导机制理论，着重分析了这些理论发挥作用的途径和模式；其次，通过各种数据分析了我国货币政策利率传导机制的现状；接着针对转型期我国利率传导机制表现出的独特现象提出了加强我国货币政策利率传导效率的政策建议。

First, the article introduces main theories of interest rate transmission mechanism in western countries, and then studies the actuality of the effect of interest rate transmission mechanism in China demonstratively. After that, based on the essential analysis of the efficiency about present transmission mechanism, the article discusses the factors that restrict and influence interest rate transmission mechanism of monetary policy in China, from microeconomic factors and macroeconomic environment respectively. Finally, the article puts forth the reformation target of monetary policy interest rate transmission mechanism and the corresponding innovation proposals to enhance the effect of the interest rate transmission mechanism in China.

本文在借鉴和吸收前人研究成果的基础上，采用了规范性研究和实证研究相结合的方法，构建了关于货币政策利率传导机制有效性研究的合理的分析框架：文章首先介绍了西方货币政策利率传导机制理论，着重分析了这些理论发挥作用的途径和模式；其次，通过各种数据分析了我国货币政策利率传导机制的现状；接着针对我国利率传导机制表现出的独特现象分别从微观因素和宏观环境两个层面研究了弱化其有效性的各种因素；最后，针对上述因素提出了加强我国货币政策利率传导效率的政策建议。

Exciting conduction Velocity of myocardium cells is one of main parameters which determine the body surface potential map and electrocardiography.

心肌细胞的电特性及心肌细胞间的传导关系决定了体表电位的分布及心电图的变化。心肌电兴奋传导速度则是影响心肌间兴奋传导关系的重要参数之一。

At first,the limitation of the general heat conduction equation is discussed and then,nonlinear heat conduction equations are derived,when we consider that thermal conductivity,specific heat capacity and density are dependent of temperature.

研究了线性情形中热传导方程的局限性，在此基础上考虑到热传导方程中导热系数、比热容、密度与温度的关系，导出了非线性热传导方程，并求出了几类非线性热传导方程的孤波解。

In Chinese monetary transmission mechanism, monetary transmission channel is restricted owing to unsocialized interest rates and unperfected monetary market, credit transmission channel is the primary transmission channel.

我国货币政策传导机制中，由于利率市场化程度不高、货币市场不发达等因素制约了利率传导机制、资产价格机制、汇率传导机制的有效性，导致目前信用传导渠道仍然是我国货币政策传导的主要途径。

The first part consists of the introduction and basic theories, which remarks correlative literatures and disquisitions and puts forward the transmission mechanism of the stock market. It also analyzes the impacts of the monetary policy for stock market in our country to show the necessity of research on this mechanism. The second part is the microcosmic and macroscopic analysis; it mainly comprises the behaviors of the enterprise, the bank and the inhabitant as well as the stock market, money market and their joint condition. The third part studies the transmitting impacts with demonstration analysis from two aspects, and explains this course using the theories of the first part and the micro-and macro-foundation of the second part. The fourth part is the conclusion and policy recommendations; it includes the factors of effecting the transmission of monetary policy in the stock market, proposes some related suggestions, and points out the research direction in the future.

本文分为四部分：第一部分为导论及基本理论分析，对国内外股市传导机制研究理论文献进行述评，提出系统的股市传导机制，并分析我国股市发展对货币政策的影响来说明研究股票市场传导机制的必要性；第二部分为宏微观基础分析，主要包括企业、银行及居民行为以及股票市场、货币市场及其联结状况分析；第三部分分两个环节实证研究股市传导效果，并利用第一部分的理论与第二部分的宏微观基础进行解释；第四部分是结论及政策建议，归纳影响货币政策股票市场传导的因素，提出相关建议，指出未来研究方向。

In the United States, chronic alcoholism and hepatitis C are the most common ones.

在美国，慢性酒精中毒，肝炎是最常见的。

If you have any questions, you can contact me anytime.

如果有任何问题，你可以随时联系我。