传入

In chick embryos, we identified a subpopulation of NCCs that, upon delamination, crossed the dorsal midline to colonize spatially discrete regions of the contralateral dorsal root ganglia, where they later gave rise to nearly half of the nociceptor sensory neuron population.

这些发现不但确定的一个主要来源祖细胞为疼痛和温度传感传入，而且也透露了一个先前不为人知的感官支配NCCs的移行途径，此途径中感官支配NCCs必须能构越过胚胎正中线。

Results: The results showed that NOS positive neurons existed in all the auditory afferent nucleus while NOS negative neu-rons existed in the superior olivary nucleus. Most of NOS positive neurons in CNC were located in the posterior ventral cochlear nu-cleus ,which were round or oval bipolar neurons. NOS positive neurons were also found in potine widely.

结果：在脑桥的各级听觉传入核团，均有NOS阳性神经元，而上橄榄复合体无NOS阳性神经元；耳蜗核内NOS阳性神经元，主要集中在后腹侧核，为圆形或椭圆型双极神经元；下丘的臂内侧核NOS阳性神经元呈小的、圆形细胞。

Printing was passed to Europe orignal from China many years ago.

印刷术是许多年前从中国传入欧洲的。

Brontispa longissima is a new harmful insect invading in China. At present, it has spreaded to cause damage in Hainan province, Guangdong province, Taiwan province and Hongkong which feeds on the palmaceous plants.

椰心叶甲是近年来传入我国的危险性有害生物，严重危害了我国海南省、广东省、台湾省和香港地区的椰子、槟榔等棕榈科植物，并有蔓延趋势，。

These results suggest that the activate spleen-energy method can achieve appetitive purpose by not only affecting the gastrointestinal tract function in periphery, but also regulating the process of ingestion in brain. The basic research about ingestion indicate: one hand, after food enters the gastro-intestinal tract, the endocrine cell of the intestinal tract is activated and secrete many kinds of brains intestines peptide, the level of the brain intestines peptide in blood as the periphery signal spreads to the central nervous system regions that control digest and feeding behavior. On the other hand, it has been shown that dorsal parabranchial neurons, containing CCK-8S, extend fibers to the VMH and are involved in the inhibition of feeding .

关于摄食控制的基础研究表明，一方面食物进入胃肠道后，激活肠道的内分泌细胞，分泌多种脑肠肽如CCK-8S，这些脑肠肽在血中的水平作为外周信号可通过&肠—脑轴&传入中枢神经系统介导消化和摄食行为的部位，影响摄食中枢神经元的活动调节动物的摄食行为；另一方面中枢神经元可合成释放内源性的神经肽直接作用于摄食中枢神经元调节摄食，如中枢鳃旁体神经元的神经纤维就可延伸到达VMH，并且合成释放内源性的CCK-8S。

This paper therefore examines the development of "the folklore Pai-Chang of Peking opera aria in Tainan city" through literature review depth-interview oral history and participant observation The concept frame is culture organism as the vertical axle and elements of a folklore activity as the transverse axle There are several significant findings about the general picture of this subject: During the late period of Japanese colonial era Tainan local people who played Peguan music learned Peking opera aria and tried to bring Peking opera aria into the folklore Pai-Chang which was one kind performance and traditional custom of Peguan music Some people who came from other places and played Peking opera aria had also known or learned "Pai-Chang" with touching Tainan local amateurs "Pai-Chang" used to be performed by amateurs for worship of god or goddess or for seasoning and wedding celebration without rewards Amateurs volunteered to perform "Pai-Chang" only for their duty temples and fraternity of Peking opera aria The majority of the audience is people who perform or like "Pai-Chang" or who live nearby There is a fixed pattern of the performance including the repertoire and the arrangement of the band The main meaning of this performace is to pray God's blessings therefore the procedure of "Ban-Hsian" is the most essential and ahead of Peking opera aria singing With time goes by the number of the amateurs has dropped; yet the demand for the worship ceremony remains; hence some of the amateurs have been trained to become professional performers Besides although the idea and the meaning of "Pai-Chang" remains the pattern of the performance has become simplified and rigid which is because of the performers' number decreasing and market adapting Nowadays the whole ecosystem of the folklore Pai-Chang of Peking opera aria in Tainan city keep changing which is mainly influenced by the transition of the society(such as the time and space of the industrial and commercial society being compressed and most people's pursuing of specialization and utilitarianism etc ) According to the findings in this paper the phenomenon can be regarded as the subject matter both of Peking opera and folklore studies For the studies of the Taiwanese culture however the subject not only enriches the subject matters of the Taiwanese culture(signifies the localization of Peking opera and a new pattern of Taiwanese folklore) but also reflects the characters of diversification integration adaptation and compromise of Taiwanese culture which used to be influenced by different regimes and the historical contexts Facing such a multicultural context this paper thus suggests researchers should show an open-minded attitude toward the complex of the Taiwanese culture studies and then important phenomenon would not be ignored or misunderstood

代表了什麼意义？对於上述疑惑，查既有研究成果，不消没有论述者，具体提即「京调排场」现象的可说没有，基於此，有必要对台南市及其周边之民俗性京调排场，不管是语汇来由或者其现象本身，做一番研究。本研究透过文献、访谈、口述史、参与观察等方法，以文化有机体之纵的发展概念为经，以民俗表演之横切面各主客要素为纬，试图先对此文化现象调查并推论出一概貌：台南市民俗性京调排场的形成，是在京调传入台南，台南本地北管子弟改习或兼习京调后，结合北管音乐文化所固有的排场表演型态及民俗演出传统，融合而成，形成时间至迟在日治晚期。而一些不同时期的外来京调人士(如原本生长於其他地区、后移住台湾的票友，和中国大陆琴师等等)，也曾透过与当地子弟的接触，而习得或知晓「排场」语汇以及本地京调排场习俗者。此项音乐民俗表演在过往多由业余子弟於神诞或民众婚俗做寿时，对其有义务或交陪的庙宇及子弟间做酬酢性的演出，不收报酬；聆赏者多是京调同好与邻近民众，也有少数路过者；演出模式包括节目安排、乐队编制皆有一定；表演意涵上以「扮仙」祈求神明赐福人间最为重要，因此排仙必不可少，且一定先於京调演唱。随著时间推移，京调排场表演活动的各要素都有变动，惟变迁速度不一，大体而言，业余表演者锐减，人们对酬神娱神节目的需求仍在，因此一些过往的业余表演者遂逐渐转型为职业表演者。此外，虽然表演意涵不变，但在职业表演人员少、又要适应市场的情况下，表演模式亦逐渐流於简化、僵化。目前京调排场整体生态仍在转变的过程中，而这种变化应与工商社会时间空间的被压缩、事事追求专业化与尼Q化等因素有关。再者，据此概貌，在结论部分厘清其意义、定位以及其对台湾文化研究之启示。台南市及其周边之民俗性京调排场现象，可视为京剧研究与民俗研究的一环，然而对於台湾文化研究，除了其题材本身标志了京剧的本土化与台湾民俗活动之新类型，进一步扩充整体台湾文化研究的内容外，更重要的是现象背后所反映的台湾文化的多元融合与妥协适应取向。台湾的海岛地理位置与长期被不同文化背景政权所殖民的历史，其文化自然容易随社会环境改变而弹性适应变迁，呈现多元纷呈、多重覆叠的特色，因此展望未来，从事台湾文化研究应秉除单一观点，保持一定程度之开放与客观胸襟，方不忽视或误识更多重要的文化现象。

Glu uptake sites were mainly Located in the target areas of perforant path, mossy fiber and schaffer collaterals.

Glu摄取位点和海马的穿通路传入，苔藓纤维及Schaffer侧枝的投射靶区相吻合。

To elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying the neural plasticity after CNS injury, the gene expression profile in the rat hippocampus following perforant path transections was explored by several methods including custom differential screening, custom cDNA array and cDNA microarray. Of 2300 cDNA clones from low-abundance rat brain cDNA bank, 6 were identified as differentially expressed genes/ESTs in the hippocampus 35 days after lesion, in which none was confirmed by Northern blot. Of 8000 cDNA elements, custom cDNA array identified 47 as differentially expressed genes/ESTs with above 3-fold changes in the hippocampus 35 days after lesion, in which 25 were up-regulated and 22 down-regulated.

中文题名去传入海马的差异表达基因筛选和Cystatin C表达副题名外文题名 Screening of the differentially expressed genes and cystatin C expression in the deafferented hippocampus 论文作者应国新导师周长福研究员学科专业神经生物学研究领域\研究方向学位级别博士学位授予单位中国科学院上海生命科学研究院学位授予日期2002 论文页码总数121页关键词海马星型胶质细胞 Cystatin C 基因表达去神经海马馆藏号BSLW /2003 /Q42 /27 为了阐明中枢神经系统损伤后神经可塑性的分子机制，本实验探索了多种方法，包括传统差异筛库、传统cDNA array和cDNA microarray，对穿通纤维切断后大鼠海马的基因表达图谱进行了研究。

Using visual patch-clamp method synaptic transmission can be accurately assessed by measuring postsynaptic currents of the dorsal horn neurons.

用可视膜片钳方法可以准确测量脊髓背角神经元的突触后电流，从而研究初级传入突触的传递过程。

The dry, cold air that leaves the evaporator flows through the second path of the precooler, such that the dry, cold air is used to precool the incoming moist air.

干旱，寒冷的空气离开蒸发器流经的第二个路径的precooler ，如干燥，寒冷的空气是用来预冷传入的潮湿空气。

In the United States, chronic alcoholism and hepatitis C are the most common ones.

在美国，慢性酒精中毒，肝炎是最常见的。

If you have any questions, you can contact me anytime.

如果有任何问题，你可以随时联系我。