优越地

In reality, the female image, by means of the mass media, always appears before the people ahead of the realistic female, and it is the antecedency of image that enables the female image to replace successfully the female in reality, to win the more superior status than the female in reality and to possess the function of normalization, summon and guidance.

在实际生活中，女性形象借助各种大众传媒常比实际的女性先期地到达人们面前，正是形象的这种先行性，使得女性形象成功地置换了作为现实存在的女性本身，赢得了比实际的女性更为优越的地位，并具有了规范、召唤与引领的作用。

The Pan Europeanism form of white supremacism accepts all native Europeans--though, of course, there can always be dispute as to who counts as native--as White, a population that ranges from fair skinned Swedes, Britons and Germans to darker complexioned Italians, Spaniards, Portuguese and Greeks.

泛欧洲主义」是白人优越主义的一种，其接纳所有道地的欧洲人—但当然，那一定会常有争议：究竟谁可说是道地的—是白种人﹐一整群从浅色肤色的瑞典人、不列巅人和德国人至深色肤色的意大利人、西班牙人、葡萄牙人，和希腊人。

Elitism enters this group who sees their superior position within the working class as reward for their superior skills as they sometimes sneer at the struggles of the semi-skilled or unskilled.

精英人物进入这个群体，他们则把他们在工人阶级中间的优越地位视作对他们自身拥有的优越的技术的回报，同时，他们还会时不时地嘲笑半熟练和不熟练工人的斗争。

The results showthat the employees whose culturaltrend are fealty and fatalism,will significantly attribute their success to external factors instead ofinner factors ;the employees whose culturaltrend are masculinist ,authoritarianism,conservatismand fatalism,will significantly attribute their failure to external and uncontrol factors in—stead ofinner factors

"孝亲敬祖"和"宿命自保"文化取向的人，成功外归因的倾向显著地高于成功内归因倾向。2）"男性优越"、"权威守成"、"宿命自保"文化取向的人，失败不可控外归因倾向显著地高于失败内归因倾向。

Nowadays, people live in a better society. Nobody would have the experiences like Robinson's, but people may come across some difficulty or adversity. When they are confronting the adversity, they should adjust their attitudes, make plans for the future actively, be good at bringing forth new ideas in adversity, and never give up the hope to get out of it, struggle against it indomitably like Robinson Crusoe. Eventually they will get out of the adversity, and create the splendor of their own lives.

现代社会的人们生活在物质优越的环境下，也许不会有像鲁滨逊一样的经历，但生活中总会遇到一定的坎坷或逆境，面对逆境人们应该像鲁滨逊一样调整好心态，积本极地为将来做打算，有计划地安排生活，并且善于在逆境中发现、创造，永不放弃走出逆境的希望，顽强地与逆境作斗争，从而创造出自己人生的精彩。

Nobody would have the experiences like Robinson's, but people may come across some difficulty or adversity. When they are confronting the adversity, they should adjust their attitudes, make plans for the future actively, be good at bringing forth new ideas in adversity, and never give up the hope to get out of it, struggle against it indomitably like Robinson Crusoe. Eventually they will get out of the adversity, and create the splendor of their own lives.

现代社会的人们生活在物质优越的环境下，也许不会有像鲁滨逊一样的经历，但生活中总会遇到一定的坎坷或逆境，面对逆境人们应该像鲁滨逊一样调整好心态，积极地为将来做打算，有计划地安排生活，并且善于在逆境中发现、创造，永不放弃走出逆境的希望，顽强地与逆境作斗争，从而创造出自己人生的精彩。

Experiments show thatwith the help of the hybrid controlmethod, the system can effectively fulfill the vision leading of the intelligent sensor navigation system and comp lete scheduled tasks quickly and accurately, and the new control system is of superior p roperties to the traditional one.

实践证明：混合控制方法能够很好地实现智能传感器导航系统的视觉引导，能够快速准确地完成智能行走小车的预定控制任务，性能比传统控制方案更优越。

The results showthat the employees whose culturaltrend are fealty and fatalism,will significantly attribute their success to external factors instead ofinner factors ;the employees whose culturaltrend are masculinist ,authoritarianism,conservatismand fatalism,will significantly attribute their failure to external and uncontrol factors in—stead ofinner factors

&孝亲敬祖&和&宿命自保&文化取向的人，成功外归因的倾向显著地高于成功内归因倾向。2）&男性优越&、&权威守成&、&宿命自保&文化取向的人，失败不可控外归因倾向显著地高于失败内归因倾向。

With the support of a major research grant of Zhejiang Province (No. 001101027) and the Plan of Promoting Education of Excellence of Zhejiang University in the 21st Century, this dissertation is devoted to address the above problems and fabricate an L-band EDFA with low cost, high performance and technological innovation.First the mechanism of an erbium doped fiber amplifier is introduced. Various theoretical models based on classical rate propagation equations are summarized and compared for their applications. We use a modified numerical model based on the Giles model, which agrees with the experimental results well. This serves as the theoretical base for the whole thesis and will be used to optimize the characteristics of EDFAs. A novel method based on a map of noise figure and gain is proposed to analyze efficiently the dependence of the noise figure and gain for EDFAs on the EDF length and the pump power. The characteristics of various EDFAs are studied and compared.Secondly, some important parameters are introduced to describe the characteristics of EDFAs. The methods and the experimental setups for measuring the gain and noise figure of an EDFA are emphasized. We introduce how to measure the characteristics of each component of an EDFA, especially the gain and absorption coefficient of an erbium doped fiber.Thirdly, four types of simple and novel L-band EDFA structures with low noise, high gain and low gain ripple are proposed to satisfy the requirement of a DWDM system. They can be classified into two categories. In the first category, a single ASE pumping is served asa secondary pump. This category includes the following three types. Type: a new construction using a fiber Bragg grating in an unpumped EDF section at the input side. Type: a new structure of L-Band EDFA with two-stage pumps, which utilizes the forward ASE as a second pump.

本论文本着科技创新、服务于生产实践的精神，以设计价格低廉，性能优越、结构合理简单的L-band EDFA为目标，依托浙江省科技厅重大科学基金资助项目(001101027)和浙江大学振兴教育计划资助的全光网络的搭建—《光通信技术》课程实验建设项目，展开了如下工作：首先，介绍了掺铒光纤放大器的工作原理，归纳总结了基于速率方程基础的EDFA的各种理论模型，分析比较了各个模型的特点和适用场合，最终选择完善的Giles理论模型作为本论文分析设计EDFA的理论基础；针对实际实验条件提出了修正的EDFA模型的数值计算方法；创新地提出了增益—噪声系数全局分析法，直观有效地分析了EDFA的增益和噪声系数与掺铒光纤长度和泵浦功率的依赖关系，并对各种EDFA的性能作了全面的比较；第二，介绍了掺铒光纤放大器特性参数的定义与测量方法，重点介绍了噪声系数和增益系数的测量方法及实验装置；介绍了组成掺铒光纤放大器各组件的特性测量方法，重点介绍了测量掺铒光纤参数的方法和实验装置；第三，针对WDM系统对L-band EDFA谱平坦、低噪声、高增益的要求，我们创新地提出了四种不同的L-band EDFA结构，按设计思路可以分为两大类：一类是基于单抽运二级泵浦法，这一类包括在未泵浦掺铒光纤的输入端插入一根布拉格光纤光栅的两段L-band的EDFA的新结构；基于前向ASE光作为二级泵浦源推动下一级EDF工作的泵浦分配、两段级联L-band的EDFA的新结构；基于单根光纤光栅、泵浦分配、两段级联的EDFA；另一类则是基于同时应用前后向C-band ASE作二级泵浦源的双抽运法，如基于前后向ASE光作为二级泵浦源的三段级联L-band的EDFA的新结构。

Speaking for our own shares, Charlie and I have absolutely no complaint about these taxes. We know we work in a market-based economy that rewards our efforts far more bountifully than it does the efforts of others whose output is of equal or greater benefit to society. Taxation should, and does, partially redress this inequity. But we still remain extraordinarily well-treated. Berkshire and its shareholders, in combination, would pay a much smaller tax if Berkshire operated as a partnership or "S" corporation, two structures often used for business activities. For a variety of reasons, that's not 9 www.buffettism.com 巴菲特研究中心 Research Centre for Buffettism feasible for Berkshire to do.

经由我个人最喜爱的漫画短片，Li'l Abner，我有机会可以体会到延迟支付所得税的好处，虽然当时我没有好好地利用那次机会，为了让他的读者觉得自己很优越， Abner 一直快乐地 Li'l 维持单身，直到他为纽约一位女演员 Appassionatta 深深地着迷，但由于她只对百万富翁有兴趣，因此一贫如洗的 Abner 可以说是一点希望都没有，在遭到拒绝之后，Abner 跑去智能老人 Mose 那里请他指点迷津，结果这位圣贤对 Abner 说，很简单你只要能够将身上仅有的一块钱，复制 20 次， Appassionatta 自然就会投入到你的怀抱(1，2，4，8，…。，1，048，576)。

It has been put forward that there exists single Ball point and double Ball points on the symmetrical connecting-rod curves of equilateral mechanisms.

从鲍尔点的形成原理出发，分析对称连杆曲线上鲍尔点的产生条件，提出等边机构的对称连杆曲线上有单鲍尔点和双鲍尔点。

The factory affiliated to the Group primarily manufactures multiple-purpose pincers, baking kits, knives, scissors, kitchenware, gardening tools and beauty care kits as well as other hardware tools, the annual production value of which reaches US$ 30 million dollars.

集团所属工厂主要生产多用钳、烤具、刀具、剪刀、厨具、花园工具、美容套等五金产品，年生产总值3000万美元，产品价廉物美、选料上乘、质量保证，深受国内外客户的青睐