优化问题

Conjugate gradient method is a method for solving nonlinear optimization problems, especially large-scale problems.

共轭梯度法是求解无约束优化问题的一种重要的方法，尤其适用于大规模优化问题的求解。

Finally, the paper applies colony algorithm with immune ability of side consistency restraining in combinatorial problem of water distribution system.

最后，我们将基于边浓度抑制的免疫蚁群算法应用于典型的给水管网的组合优化问题，通过该实例进一步证明，基于免疫机制的蚁群算法比其它传统算法具有更好的解决给水管网优化问题的能力。

In this paper we introduce the hyperbolic cosine function and construct the new hyperbolic cosine penalty function and algorithms, further more, we construct the new hyperbolic cosine multipier penalty function .

本文在传统形式的罚函数基础上引入双曲余弦函数做罚项，构造了新的对于一般约束优化问题的双曲余弦罚函数和求解迭代公式；进一步地，又提出了求解具有等式约束优化问题的双曲罚函数乘子法。

The content of process optimization include four parts: the choice of decision variable; the determination of object function; the establishment of constraint condition and the choice of optimization algorithm.

过程优化问题需要解决决策变量的选取、确定目标函数、建立约束条件、选择优化算法等四个方面的问题。

Finally, a new deterministic optimization method is presented. All the local optimization solutions can be determined after finite times of parameter space identification and partition procedures.

本文概述了地震波勘探反演问题的理论基础和研究进展，阐述了反演中优化问题的解决方法和面临的困难，并提出了一种确定性全局优化的新方法。

To facilitate the practical application, some simple rules are summarized to indicate the optimal selection rule among the ones known so far, under different circumstances. 4 Through clearly describing the uncertainties in stochastic simulation optimization and deterministic complex optimization, a unified formulation is proposed for the two types of optimization problems.

为方便工程应用，总结出一些简单规则，指出各种情形下的目前已知最优挑选规则。4通过明确刻画随机仿真优化与复杂确定性优化问题中的不确定因素，为两类问题提供统一描述。

This process of solving differential games is more conformity with practice,and provides an efficient method for adding human experience and combining the qualitative analysis with quantitative analysis of differential game.

将微分对策的双向优化问题转化成基于神经网络理论的目标机动性辨识和单向优化控制问题，将微分对策的定性与定量结合起来，为有效加入人的经验提供了一种技术途径。

The discrete 0-1 programming problem is translated into continuous nonlinear optimization problem by polish function, and the nonlinear optimization problem is solved by contraction algorithm.

3利用过滤函数近似处理连续体拓扑优化问题，使用缩并解法实现了对连续体拓扑优化问题的求解。

Due to the discreteness of transformer taps and the switching of shunt capacitance/reactance banks, the rigorous reactive power optimization is the problem of Mixed-Integer Nonlinear Programming involving both discrete and continuous variables.

在电力系统无功优化过程中，由于有载调压变压器分接头的存在和补偿电容／电抗器分组投切的离散特性，使得严格意义上的无功优化问题成为一个离散变量和连续变量共存的混合整数非线性规划(Mixed-Integer Nonlinear Programming，MINLP)问题。

By Lagrange dual and scalarization of vector optimization, characterizations of solutions for which objective mapping satisfies weak convexity conditions are shown. The strongly and weak dual theorems for generalized subconvex-like mapping are obtained.

通过适当定义对偶问题和向量优化问题的标量化研究各解之间的关系，刻画目标映射满足弱凸性条件的优化问题解的特征，在目标映射是广义锥次类凸的条件下给出有关的对偶定理。

We have no common name for a mime of Sophron or Xenarchus and a Socratic Conversation; and we should still be without one even if the imitation in the two instances were in trimeters or elegiacs or some other kind of verse--though it is the way with people to tack on 'poet' to the name of a metre, and talk of elegiac-poets and epic-poets, thinking that they call them poets not by reason of the imitative nature of their work, but indiscriminately by reason of the metre they write in.

索夫农 、森那库斯和苏格拉底式的对话采用的模仿没有一个公共的名称；三音步诗、挽歌体或其他类型的诗的模仿也没有——人们把&诗人&这一名词和格律名称结合到一起，称之为挽歌体诗人或者史诗诗人，他们被称为诗人，似乎只是因为遵守格律写作，而非他们作品的模仿本质。

The relationship between communicative competence and grammar teaching should be that of the ends and the means.

交际能力和语法的关系应该是目标与途径的关系。