优化问题

After a brief review about the problems of bit rate control for MPEG video coding, two optimizations are proposed based on MPEG-2 Test Model 5 (TM5) algorithm:①An intelligent integral action is introduced for improving the control precision of bit rate;②After using DCT AC coefficients to define the measure of macroblock and picture coding difficulty, an improvement on target bits allocation is proposed for the decoded picture quality and conformance including scene change, which can ajust the target bits allocation adaptively by their measure.

文中首先对MPEG视频编码比特速率的控制问题作了简要回顾，然后针对MPEG-2测试模型5(TM5)算法进行了以下优化：①引入一种智能积分作用，有利于提高比特速率的控制精度；②采用DCT交流系数定义宏块和图象的编码难度测度，然后提出了优化的目标编码量分配策略，即根据编码难度测度自适应调整图象和宏块的目标编码量，这样有利于提高包括场景变化在内的图象解码质量及其一致性。

By optimizing smelting-technology,controlling the component of slag effectively, optimizing air supply model of bottom blown and improving the the technology of slag splashing ,the problem of bottom rising and air brick corrosion have been solved, the effect of bottom blown has been increased, the quality of molten steel has been improved.

概述了唐钢第一钢轧厂转炉顶底复吹工艺的情况，通过对转炉冶炼工艺的优化，炉渣成分的有效控制、底吹模式的优化、溅渣护炉工艺的改进，解决了炉底上涨与透气砖侵蚀的问题，提高了底吹效果，改善了钢水质量。

For another, reduced-space approaches allow to exploit problem-dependent structure and approximate second derivative information.

简约空间方法适合过程系统优化命题的高维、低自由度特征，并可利用问题结构和近似二阶信息求解，是该类优化命题的良好求解途径。

Firstly, the average line of the acceleration is fitted by cubic polynomial. Then, the long period baseline waving problem, which is still existed in the integral velocity and displacement after the first optimization, is secondly optimized by the recursive method of SDOF system.

首先以3次多项式来拟合加速度的均值线；再对一次优化后的积分速度、位移时程仍存在的长周期基线波动问题，运用单自由度地震动力反应递归法进行二次优化。

It is an urgent issue that enterprise should be reengineered by neans of customer satisfaction index.quality function deployment can link between customer satisfaction and business process optimization.the paper sets a business process optimization model based on house of quality.

依据顾客满意度来再造企业内部的经营管理是企业界面临的迫切问题。质量功能展开，也称为质量屋，能够将顾客满意度与企业运营过程的优化系统结合，是一种有效的企业过程优化方法。

Under the circumstances, this dissertation chooses the key problem in urban traffic signal control-signal timing parameters and optimization methods as its research target. This dissertation is consisted of introduction, run characteristic analyze of mixed traffic flow, collection of database, canalization design, design of signal phase, optimization methods of signal timing parameters of mixed traffic, and conclusion and expectation.

在这种背景下，本论文选择城市交通控制系统的核心问题——信号配时参数及其优化方法作为主要研究内容，包括绪论、混合交通流运行特性分析、数据采集与分析、渠化设计及信号相位设计、混合交通流信号配时优化方法研究和全文总结与展望六部分内容。

Second, On the basis of analysis of density distribution of sequence points on the chaotic orbit of one-dimension chaotic mapping, a mutative interval chaotic optimization algorithm is presented in search for the solution optimums of the non-linear constrained problems with multi-variables and multi-peak values. With the objective function probability measurement approaching a limit 1, the convergence of the algorithm on the global optimal solution is proofed by aid of Chebyshev inequality.

二、基于一维混沌映射混沌点集的概率测度分析，提出了一种适于解决多变量多峰值非线性约束问题的新的混沌优化算法——变区间混沌优化算法，并应用切比雪夫不等式论证了算法依概率收敛于全局最优解。

Obvious effect of this method was obtained in the application and a new approach for the optimization control of coke oven was provided.

采用具有多工况火道温度智能优化控制结构的方法取得了良好的控制效果，为焦炉加热过程的优化控制问题的解决提供了一条新的途径。

The vehicle scheduling problem is the very core of the content in the logistics scopes, it is a typical NP-hard problem, involving in many research subjects such as operations research, applied mathematics, combinatorial optimization, network analysis, computer software, computer applications, logistics science, transportation management, etc.

车辆优化调度问题(Vehicle Scheduling Problem，简称VSP)是物流配送中的最为核心的内容，它是一个典型的NP难题，涉及到运筹学、应用数学，组合优化、图论与网络分析、计算机软件、计算机应用、物流科学、运输管理等众多学科领域。

VSP becomes advanced and hot spots in the field of operations research and combinatorial optimization research, researches for VSP can promote actively the development of the theory and method of combinatorial optimization.

VSP是运筹学与组合优化领域的前沿与研究热点问题，对它的研究为组合优化理论与方法的发展有着积极的推动作用。

We have no common name for a mime of Sophron or Xenarchus and a Socratic Conversation; and we should still be without one even if the imitation in the two instances were in trimeters or elegiacs or some other kind of verse--though it is the way with people to tack on 'poet' to the name of a metre, and talk of elegiac-poets and epic-poets, thinking that they call them poets not by reason of the imitative nature of their work, but indiscriminately by reason of the metre they write in.

索夫农 、森那库斯和苏格拉底式的对话采用的模仿没有一个公共的名称；三音步诗、挽歌体或其他类型的诗的模仿也没有——人们把&诗人&这一名词和格律名称结合到一起，称之为挽歌体诗人或者史诗诗人，他们被称为诗人，似乎只是因为遵守格律写作，而非他们作品的模仿本质。

The relationship between communicative competence and grammar teaching should be that of the ends and the means.

交际能力和语法的关系应该是目标与途径的关系。