优值

Coefficient distribution of the APIDCSF is similar to that of circular quincunx Neville filter and its interpolating performance outperforms the Neville filters with high orders vanishing moments.The aim of bidimensional interpolating is to diminish the error between the true value and the estimated one.

二维内插的质量是以预测值与真值之间的误差来衡量的，按照最小均方误差的准则，利用二维自相关函数模型和环形内插滤波器的系数分布特点构造了最小均方误差意义上的环形最优内插器，实验证明了全相位离散反余弦内插器近似于最优内插器。

As long as the root of the characteristic equation is within the unit circle of z-plane and the corresponding PID parameter is got, the closed loop control system is sure to be stable. Although the root of the characteristic equation can vary within the unit circle of z-plane,different value may affect the control property differently.

本文所采用的这种确定PID参数的方法，虽然可以使特征方程的根在z平面的单位圆内任意取值，但各种取值情况对变风量空调系统的控制品质的影响却不同，因此，要对各种特征方程的根的取值情况进行寻优，本文采用遗传算法对特征方程的根进行寻优，从而使控制器的参数得以优化。

Then the stationary joint probability density, the conditional reliability function, the mean first-passage time of the optimally controlled system are obtained from solving the reduced FPK equation, the backward Kolmogorov equation and the Pontryagin equation, respectively of fully averaged systems.

求解与之相应的Fokker-Planck-Kolmogorov方程得最优控制系统的联合概率密度，进而求得最优控制系统的平均幅值；求解与之相应的后向Kolmogorov方程得最优控制系统的条件可靠性函数，进而求得首次穿越时间的条件概率密度；求解与之相应的Pontryagin方程得最优控制系统的平均首次穿越时间。

It takesthe weighted average of the L2 norm of the difference of the observation and thesolution of the system and the L2 norm of the difference of conormal derivativeat the different sides of the interface for every subdomain as cost functional andthe smooth coefficients of the subproblem and the value of solution of the originalproblem at interface as identification parameters;Using the property of continu-ous functional defined on compact set,the existence of the optimal solution of theidentification problem is proved;The necessary conditions of optimality charac-terized by the system equation,the adjoit equation and the variational inequalitysimultaneously are given by introducing the conception ofdifferential andadjoit variable;An algorithm is devised and its flow graph is given.

其次，针对分片光滑动力系统的特征，结合正演过程的区域分解算法，建立了分片光滑系统的分解区域参数辨识模型，该模型以子区域上解的实测值与计算值之差的L2范数和界面两侧的通量差的L2范数的加权平均作目标泛函，各子问题的光滑系数及界面上真解的值为待辨识参量；利用紧致集上连续泛函的性质，证明了子区域上参数辨识问题最优辨识参量的存在性；引入微分的概念，借助伴随变量，给出了由系统方程，伴随方程和变分不等式共同表征的最优性必要条件；根据此必要条件设计了算法，给出了算法的程序框图。

The training problem is cast as optimization problem in parameter space.

其方法实质是将神经网络的训练问题转化为优化问题，利用禁忌搜索算法的全局寻优能力获得最优的神经网络权值与阈值。

In this algorithm, the probability of a certain particle element assuming a value of 0 or 1 is in positive proportion to value 0 or 1 of this element in the current position of the particle, the historic best position it experienced, and the best point found by any member of its topological neighborhood; but in negative proportion to value of the former position of it.

在该算法中，每个粒子各元素在新位置取二元值0或1的概率正比例于其当前位置、其历史最优位置和其邻域内的历史最优位置的取值，而负比例于其前一个位置的取值。

We introduce convex,and in particular semidefinite,optimization methods,duality and complexity theory to shed new light to this relation for the single stock problem, given moments of the prices of the underlying assets,we show that we can find best possible bounds on option prices with general payoff funcations efficiently,either algorithmically(solving a semidefinite optimization problem)or in closed form, conversely,given observable option prices,we provide best possible bounds on moments of the prices of the underlying assets,as well as on the prices of the other options on the same asset by sovling linear optimization problems for options that are affected by multiple stocks either directly(the payoff of the option depends on multiple stocks)or indirectly(we have information on correlations between stock prices),we find on-optimal bounds using convex optimization methods,however,we show that it is NP-hard to find best possible bounds in multiple dimensions,we extend our results to incorporate transactions costs,this paper,in theory and practice can provide a reference to researchers and designers about Chinese financial derivative products,the full text is divided into six chapters as follows: ChapterⅠ:Papers on the background and significance of the subjects on a number of option pricing models as well as their advantages and shortcomings of the model and describes the status of research and writing papers and the main contents of the basic idea.

相应地，给定期权价格，也能够出标的资产瞬时价格的最有可能的最好的界。还有通过解决一个线性最优化问题，根据同一标的资产的其他期权的价格来找到这个期权的界值，对于期权受到多种股票价格直接影响(期权的收益依赖于多种股票)或者间接影响(我们有股票之间联系的有用信息)，如果使用凸规划方法我们就会发现没有最优的界，也能够证明对于多维情形确实是很难找到最优的最有可能的界值，最后将这一结论推广到考虑交易成本的情况。本文在理论和实践上给我国金融衍生产品研究者和设计者提供一定的参考。全文共分为六章，具体安排如下：第一章：阐述论文的选题背景和意义，介绍期权定价的一些模型以及这些模型的优点与缺点，并介绍国内外研究的现状以及论文的写作基本思路与主要内容。

In this algorithm, by initially setting a larger threshold of rate-distortion slope and marking the channels that their rate-distortion slopes are larger than the thresholds in each coding block as "selected state", and then decreasing the threshold step by step until the sum of the rate of those selection exceeds the predefined rate limitation, an approximate optimal truncation point will be obtained.

本算法通过初始设置一个较大的长度－失真斜率阈值，将每个编码块中长度－失真斜率大于该阈值的通道置为"选入"状态，逐次减小该阈值并重复上述过程，直到状态为"选入"的通道的累积码流长度大于设定的码流长度，得到近似的最优截断点，再采用舍弃最小斜率的方法获得最优截断点以实现码率控制。

The method employs characteristic values such as hinge node voltage at dividing place between the large district grid and the provincial grid and tie line reactive power and so on as a coordinated variable of wattless control of the large district grid and the provincial grid, and real-timely calculates an optimal set value of the coordinated variable in the large district grid which is sent down to the provincial grid via wide area communication. In the coordinated control of the provincial grid, the method can not only realize the control object of original grid, but can also realtimely track the optimal set value of the coordinated variable given by the large district grid.

本方法选择大区电网与省级电网分界处枢纽节点电压和联络线无功等特征量作为大区电网与省级电网无功控制的协调变量，通过大区电网的无功优化，实时计算出大区电网中协调变量的最优设定值，该设定值通过广域通信下发到省级电网，在省级电网的协调控制中，除了满足本级电网的控制目标外，还实时跟踪由大区电网给出的协调变量的最优设定值。

For the multisensor linear discrete time-varying stochastic control systems with the different local dynamic models, using the Kalman filtering method, under the optimal fusion criterion weighted by scalars, the unified and universal optimal information fusion white noise deconvolution estimators are presenced, and for the corresponding time-invariant systems, the steady-state optimal information fusion white noise deconvolution estimators are also presented.

黑龙江大学自动化系，哈尔滨150080中文摘要：对于带不同局部动态模型的多传感器线性离散时变随机控制系统，应用Kalman滤波方法，在按标量加权最优融合准则下，提出了统一和通用的最优信息融合白噪声反卷积估值器，并对定常系统提出了稳态最优信息融合白噪声反卷积估值器。

However, as the name（read－only memory）implies, CD disks cannot be written onorchanged in any way.

然而，正如其名字所指出的那样，CD盘不能写，也不能用任何方式改变其内容。

Galvanizes steel pallet is mainly export which suits standard packing of European Union, the North America. galvanizes steel pallet is suitable to heavy rack. Pallet surface can design plate type, corrugated and the gap form, satisfies the different requirements.

镀锌钢托盘多用于出口，替代木托盘，免薰蒸，符合欧盟、北美各国对出口货物包装材料的法令要求；喷涂钢托盘适用于重载上货架之用，托盘表面根据需要制作成平板状、波纹状及间隔形式，满足不同的使用要求。