伊斯兰化

The dissertation consists of six chapters. The first chapter studies background of establishing the Islamic Republic of Iran, Iran was Islamized on the bases of profound culture and civilization. Iranian Islamization was followed by Islamic nationalization in Iran, that is to say, shiism includes very deep Iranian nationalism.

全文共分六章，首先研究伊朗伊斯兰共和国建国的时代背景，指出伊朗是在拥有发达的文明的基础上实现伊斯兰化的，伊朗伊斯兰化的过程也伴随着伊斯兰伊朗化民族化的过程，什叶派教义含有深厚的伊朗民族主义思想。

But the proposal has also drawn fierce criticism from a respected German-Jewish writer, Ralph Giordano, who said the mosque would be "an expression of the creeping Islamization of our land." And he does not want to see women shrouded in veils on German streets, he said.

但是这个建筑计划也激起了一位德国籍犹太作家Ralph Giordano的猛烈抨击，他说这座清真寺的修建计划将是"在我们的土地上偷偷进行着的伊斯兰化的表现"，他还说他不愿意在德国的街道上看见有妇女披着裹尸布一般的伊斯兰面纱。

After Islamic Revolution, Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeinis fast islamization made women lost almost total rights,several large-scale movement of women movement were ruthlessly suppressed by the Government, and many feminists were persecuted.

伊斯兰革命胜利后，霍梅尼的迅速伊斯兰化政策使妇女原有的权利几乎丧失殆尽，几次大规模的女性主义运动均遭到政府的无情镇压，很多女性主义者遭到迫害。

Indian , Malay and Javanese merchants, and Arab missionaries from Malaysia and Indonesia cam to the Phillipines.though the Islamization of the Philippines is due to the strength of Muslim South Asia.

南亚地区带来了伊斯兰教在东南亚，尤其是马来西亚和印度尼西亚，反过来，后者带来的两个伊斯兰到菲律宾，印度，马来和爪哇招商，阿拉伯传教士来自马来西亚和印度尼西亚凸轮到菲律宾，虽然伊斯兰化的菲律宾这是由於该强度的穆斯林南亚。

For Iranian nationalism,itsindependent form hasn't been in existence due to entirely social Islamization after IslamicRevolution,but the nature,ideology of Islamic Revolution and the political development afterrevolution all embodied nationalist meaning,Iranian Nationalism is provided with thecharacteristic of dependent on Islam again,the birth of nationalism having broken away frombondage of religion is still in the future.

对于伊朗民族主义，由于伊朗伊斯兰革命后社会的全面伊斯兰化，伊朗民族主义的独立形态已经不复存在，但伊朗伊斯兰革命无论在革命性质、意识形态以及革命后的政治发展等方面都有一定的民族主义的内涵，伊朗民族主义再次具有了依托和寄生于伊斯兰教的特征，摆脱宗教束缚与羁绊的民族主义在伊朗的产生仍然尚待时日。

In Chapter 6,the author exposed thechallenge of Islamic Fundamentalism to nationalism combining with theory of nationalism andpolitical standpoint of thinkers on Islamic Fundamentalism,this challenge embodied three kinds ofcontradiction,namely religious identity and national identity,the God's sovereignty and statesovereignty,secularization and Islamization.

第六章，结合民族主义理论和伊斯兰原教旨主义思想家的政治主张，从宗教认同与民族认同、真主主权与国家主权、伊斯兰化与世俗化道路三个方面的矛盾，揭示了伊斯兰原教旨主义对民族主义的思想挑战。

Irans domestic and foreign policies under the rule of Komeini were characterized by radical Islamization. After Komeini, Iran experienced a economic construction period under the rule of Khamanehi.

霍梅尼时期伊朗伊斯兰共和国的内外政策带有强烈的霍梅尼主义的意识形态色彩，基调是激进的伊斯兰化。

In terms of the nature of the Malay regime and its ruling ideology, I divide the pre-independent history of Malaysia into three periods: Hinduization, Islamization, and colonization. To analyze the last two periods, I use a threefold framework: the state, intermediate religious institution, and local society. The focus is on the relationship between the institutionalization of Islamic tradition by the Malay sultan and the Britishcolonial regime and the formation of the Malay Islamic identity. I conclude that the process of Islamization paved the way for the Malay nationalist movement in the early 20th century.

故由此角度出发，全文依政权性质及统治意识型态为准，将前独立时代的马来西亚历史区分成三个阶段：印度教化时期，伊斯兰化时期，西方殖民时期；後两个阶段分别依从上至下的三个层面加以分析：国家，宗教次级团体，民间社会，以便研究马六甲苏丹政权与英国殖民政权的统治者如何以一套行政法制措施强化马来人之伊斯兰认同，直到二十世纪初，终至激发了马来统治菁英与知识份子所主导，以伊斯兰教做为文化认同基础之民族主义运动。

In the internal aspect, it enforced the?Islamization 搊f ?. those countries and brOught with many serious social-PO1itical Probems.its edcal fOrees make terrdrise activilices freguently. ins1ab1ize thosegoremmend twes and frotate the1r economices.

在对内方面，它进一步加强了这些国家的"伊斯兰化"，给中东伊斯兰各国政府普遍带来了诸多严重的社会政治问题；其极端势力频繁发动的暴力恐怖活动，更使这些国家政局长期动荡不安，经济发展因此严重受阻。

Islamization,Legitimacy, Shari'a,Sultan

伊斯兰化，合法性，伊斯兰律法，苏丹，马六甲法典

Breath, muscle contraction of the buttocks; arch body, as far as possible to hold his head, right leg straight towards the ceiling (peg-leg knee in order to avoid muscle tension).

呼气，收缩臀部肌肉；拱起身体，尽量抬起头来，右腿伸直朝向天花板（膝微屈，以避免肌肉紧张）。

The cost of moving grain food products was unchanged from May, but year over year are up 8%.

粮食产品的运输费用与5月份相比没有变化，但却比去年同期高8％。