企业发展

Chapter2 is the fundaments of the full thesis. This chapter focuses on the concept,origin and developments of corporate bond market.

第二章是全文的基础，本章主要对企业债券的基本概念，起源与发展，及我国企业债券市场的发展历程作简要的回顾。

The appearance of group has functioned as the drive and booster to the development of social economy, while exerting great influence on the improvement of people's life and the progress of the human society.

企业集团作为一个多层次的、产权网络化的法人联合体，需要围绕集团发展的总体目标，利用各种财务手段，对各成员企业进行财务控制，使其财务活动符合集团发展的总体目标，维护集团的整体利益。

The rapid development of China's enterprises past, largely depended on those who have strong execution of entrepreneurs and minority hotshots, they are decisive, action quick, lead, in the enterprise crisis, able to turn to the crowd, open, and, like, deserves praise of human development history,"master spirit" always has its particular stage and necessity of historical significance.

过去中国企业的高速发展，很大程度上是仰仗着那些具有超强执行力的企业家和少数能人，他们决策果断，行动迅速，一马当先，在企业危机时刻，能够力挽狂澜，扭转乾坤，杀出一条血路，开辟一片天地，值得称颂，就像人类发展的历史一样，&大侠精神&总有它特定阶段的必然性和历史意义。

It had been found in 1988, it is developed from a small factory owning eight workers to a large-scale state enterprise in construction machinery industry. This paper, in a form of case, described the growth course of the factory, and detailedly introduced how the factory did in products developing, becoming many-faceted, operating face international mardet etc.

本论文以案例的形式，描述了哈尔滨东建机械制造有限公司的发展历程，详细介绍了其在产品开发、多元化发展、面向国际市场经营等方面的做法，同时也介绍了企业在成功的背后存在的制约企业再次腾飞的主要问题。

At the same time, it also bring existing threats to a state owed enterprises, especially to the middle Sized state owned enterprises, due to the increase of competition and the lost of monopoles sites.

因此铁路电气化施工企业制订适应当前环境机遇而又能够取得长期竞争优势的发展战略，对企业的生存和发展具有重要的现实意义。

I hope CGCC could guide and help member companies to abide by local laws, enhance the awareness of social responsibility, and create and protect good images of Chinese companies so as to bear the responsibility of promoting the healthy and stable development of China-US economic and trade ties and injecting new vitalities into two countries' friendly relations.

我衷心希望美国中国总商会在增进中美两国企业的了解，密切业已存在的合作，团结并服务在美中资企业方面发挥更大的作用，希望总商会引导并协助会员企业遵守当地法律，强化社会责任意识，树立和维护中资企业的良好形象，并肩负一起促进和推动中美经贸关系健康稳定发展的责任，为两国友好关系的发展注入新的生机和活力。

From the point of practice and dvelopment, how to impove the ability of credit risk management for Yinchuan city commercial bank is discussed surrounding the client raiting and credit extention, measures of credit risk, management strategies of credit risk, conclusions of the paper are listed as the following:Through positive analysis, the current methods of client rating and credit extension is simple and convenient for application, there are four disadvantages in index system of it: non-customer subdivision, non-consideration factors on industrial risks, larger quantitative indicators ratio, non-consideration factors on affiliated enterprise risk, and some corrective measures are put forward to solve it, customer subdivision, factors-added on industrial risks, set stationarity indices ratio in reason, factors-added on affiliated enterprise risk; From the point of development, Based on the technology of Value-at-Risk and CreditMetrics model we discussed the methods of credit risk analysis and measurement and gave the example of how to calculate the VaR value of individual loan and combined loan; This paper probes into the strategies which raise the ability of credit risk management for Yinchuan city commercial bank from five aspects, including strengthen the inner control, improve the technique level of risk management through information technique, solve the problem of non-performing loan, adjust the credit orientation and structure, foster credit culture with its core based on risk control.

从实践和发展的角度出发，围绕客户评级授信、信贷风险测量、信贷风险管理策略三个方面，就如何提高银川市商业银行信贷风险管理水平展开研究，得出以下结论：通过实证分析，银川市商业银行现有的客户评级授信方法具有方法简单、易于推广的优点，但客户评级授信指标体系具有客户分组不细、未考虑行业风险因素、定量指标占比过大、未考虑关联企业风险因素的缺点，应通过细化客户分组，增加行业风险因素指标、合理设定定性指标比重、增加关联企业风险评价指标等措施进行改进；从发展的角度出发，在基于VaR框架和CreditMetrics模型技术的基础上，探讨了银川市商业银行信贷风险分析和度量的方法，给出了采用CreditMetrics模型技术计算单笔贷款、组合贷款VAR值的例子；从五个角度探讨了提高银川市商业银行信贷风险管理能力的策略和手段，包括强化信贷风险内控管理机制、利用信息技术提高信贷风险管理技术水平、综合治理化解不良资产、调整信贷结构、建立以风险控制为核心的信贷文化等对策。

This is our developing direction,and the demand for our one's own development too.Looked from the present situation that,the fierce competition pressure caused the Heilongjiang Province traveling enterprise already to arrive the collectivization management the pitch point,but tr...

从现状来看，剧烈的竞争压力使黑龙江省旅游企业已经走到集团化经营的节点，而旅游教育的加强、政府产业政策的扶持、市场经济的发展与完善等方面使黑龙江省旅游企业集团化发展具有现实可能性。

NUBS has also organized the Entrepreneur High-level Forum, the Graduate Course Program, and Senior Executives Programs for many years to meet various needs for talent training and managerial consulting.

在社会服务方面，自1997年以来，每年多次举办江苏发展高层论坛，为江苏省的经济发展献计献策；举办企业家高层论坛，开办研究生课程进修班、企业总裁高级研修班，为企业提供人才培训、管理咨询。

To the "credibility, and standardized, quality security, and development", Service in the vast number of drug sellers and manufacturers for the purpose; mutual benefit, win-win for the goal together, and strive to forge ahead, the market continued to win, win all the customers by the State Office vast numbers of drug dealers, medical units, the health sector and pharmaceutical enterprises well-based company's future development has laid a solid foundation.

以&重信誉、求规范、保质量、求发展&，服务于广大药商，生产企业为宗旨；互惠互利，共进双赢为目标，努力进取，不断赢得市场、赢得四面八方的客户，受到国办广大药商，医药单位，卫生部门和制药企业的好评，为本公司今后的发展奠定了坚实的基础。

And Pharaoh spoke to Joseph, saying, Your father and your brothers have come to you.

47：5 法老对约瑟说，你父亲和你弟兄们到你这里来了。

Additionally, the approximate flattening of surface strip using lines linking midpoints on perpendicular lines between geodesic curves and the unconditional extreme value method are discussed.

提出了用测地线方程、曲面上两点间短程线来计算膜结构曲面测地线的方法，同时，采用测地线间垂线的中点连线和用无约束极值法进行空间条状曲面近似展开的分析。