企业

The thesis is to establish systematical and perfect rate index and warning method of humane capital investment and management risk which is the important approach of preventive control and enterprises' humane capital risk auditing which is the important approach of aferwards control because of the condition of focusing on the process control of enterprises' humane capital investment risk in Chinese academe.

针对我国学术界企业人力资本投资风险的研究集中于事中控制的现状，本文对企业人力资本投资风险事前控制重要手段——企业人力资本投资管理风险的评估指标和评估与预警方法，企业人力资本投资风险事后控制重要工具——人力资本投资风险审计等进行了研究

In the case that there is no right-about yet in the definition of function and the arrangement for property system of state-owned enterprises, it depends, to great extent, on the layout of frameworks of cure and factors of personnel, of which the operators' mechanism of choice, evaluation, motivation and restriction is the most crucial factor, to ensure to keep the existing advantage of "separation of two powers" featuring in the modern business system while steering clear of the loss from agency caused by the uneven allocation of profits between operators and owners.

同时也得出初步判断，国有企业的绩效管理没有放之四海皆准的方法和捷径，而是动态的、不断发展的，必须结合不同企业、不同行业、不同发展阶段及其面临目标的来分类设计和实施。在理论分析探讨和实践比较借鉴基础上，本文从浦东新区国有企业的客观状况出发，对国有企业绩效管理的原则和策略设想做出探讨。

The innovation of the thesis rest with the selectiveness of a special enterprise, China Telecom, and then the article researches the main problems for its construction from an angle of view of the advance and promotion which enterprise culture made to a core competitiveness of the enterprise. Further more, the conclusion gives the key point and principia for a further construction.

本文的创新之处在于选择了在中国电信行业中具有特殊地位的中国电信作为研究对象，从企业文化对企业核心竞争力的提升和促进作用入手，研究了中国电信企业文化建设中存在的主要问题并给出了企业文化进一步建设的要点和关键原则。

Household company has 3 big features: The first, belongings concerns according to hematic arteries and veins inheritance; The 2nd, belongings and property right realize anthropomorphize, no matter gain is returned,be deficit namely, get the boss that the impact is the biggest is an enterprise; The 3rd, even if does not run a company, familial also controlling a company.

家族企业有三大特征：第一，财产按照血脉关系传承；第二，财产和产权实现人格化，即无论赢利还是亏损，受影响最大的是企业的老板；第三，即便不经营企业，家族也在控制着企业。

Conscientiously do asset disposal programme last year against assets of the assessment results, a follow-up, further funds between state, collective and individual interests, reasonable disposition of assets; Equity structure of the programme diligently, in accordance with the requirements of sustainable development for enterprises, the establishment of reasonable equity structure, integrated into holding face, percentage, holding objects and conditions, Holding forms and relevant supporting policies that open, fair, just, transparent; conscientiously working resettlement programme, with the stock assets settlement of issues left over by history with more features I Homes surplus personnel for the relevant policies, reasonable and lawful solution to the issue of labor contracts with employees of the conversion from state-owned assets set piece, the resettlement of surplus personnel, efforts to stabilize; conscientiously do corporate management structure programmes in strict accordance with the requirements of the modern enterprise system, and regulate the establishment of the Board, shareholders, the board of supervisors, and reasonable adjustment of production structure and organization of production patterns; conscientiously party and mass organizations reform programmes, and actively explore the relationship between the party organizations working system, the forms of organizations, activities, party and mass organizations play a good role in the development of enterprises should be; conscientiously development plan starting from the structure and mechanism, innovation, better planning of new business development ideas, direction, objectives and initiatives.

认真做好资产处置方案，针对去年资产评估的结果，做好后续工作，进一步清产核资，兼顾国家、集体、个人三者利益，合理处置资产；认真做好股权结构方案，按照有利于企业持续发展的要求，合理设置股权结构，综合考虑持股面、持股比例、持股对象和条件、持股形式及相关配套政策，做到公开、公平、公正、透明；认真做好职工安置方案，用存量资产解决历史遗留问题，针对我院富余人员较多的特点，争取相关政策，合理合法地解决职工身份转换与劳动合同问题，从国有资产中划出一块，安置富余人员，努力做好稳定工作；认真做好法人治理结构方案，严格按照现代企业制度的要求，规范建立董事会、股东会、监事会，同时，合理调整生产组织模式和生产组织结构；认真做好党群组织改革方案，积极探索党群组织的工作体制、组织形式、活动方式，发挥好党群组织在企业发展中应有的作用；认真做好发展规划方案，从体制和机制入手，大胆创新，规划好新型企业发展的思路、方向、目标和举措。

Under the auspice of the sound and relaxed environmental conditions, the enterprises can finally form a core competence through studying and innovation and through the higher degree of the integration of the enterprise's knowledge and recourses.

在外部宽松、健康的环境因素支持下，企业通过学习和创新两个关键环节的自身修炼，加强企业知识和企业内部各种资源的高度整合，逐渐形成企业自身的核心能力。

Currently, the real estate development enterprises" starting point is often onesided when they are determining the market positioning.Some enterprises only consider consumer demands but neglect the state"s macroeconomic policies or their own financial sustainability, then the result may be that the enterprise meet with cash flow difficulty in the construction process or its product can not be marketed because of the National macro-control, which increase the risk of project developing.

目前房地产开发企业在确定项目的市场定位时，往往出发的角度比较片面，如有的企业在进行市场定位时只考虑消费者的需求，而忽视了国家的宏观政策或企业自身的财务承受能力，结果要么造成企业在施工过程中现金流出现困难，要么产品开发出来后赶上国家的宏观调控而使得产品无法销售出去，这都加大了企业的开发风险。

This article aims at the optimization research of enterprise training model for Shengli Oil Field in basis of reference and studying to the training model of foreign advanced enterprises, through the systemic analysis to the actuality and problems existed in its enterprise training, compactly in combination of the actual characters of its staff distribution and relative substantives, by means of integration of theory and practice, combining the character of personnel scatter ,basic unit independent, on the base of studying the foreign advanced enterprise training model, to strengthen the efficient and purpose and to heighten the training effect and quality in order to keeping the oil field sustained and stable develop to cultivate excellent management technical person, in order to realizing"one hundred creative ,one hundred victory"grand prospects to offer the strong mental support and ensure.

本文旨在通过系统分析胜利油田企业培训的现状和存在的问题，并紧密结合胜利油田人员分散、基层单位相对独立等实际特点，采用理论与实践相结合的方法，在借鉴和学习国内外先进企业培训模式的基础上，对胜利油田的企业培训模式进行进一步的优化研究，逐步建立更加符合油田实际的企业培训模式，从而进一步增强企业培训的针对性和有效性，提高培训效果和培训质量，为油田持续、稳定发展培养更多、更优秀的管理、专业技术及高技能人才，为实现&百年创新、百年胜利&的宏伟愿景目标提供强有力的智力支持和保证。

However, development of cement industry will also face disadvantageous factors: 1 along with the coming of high cost epoch, continued rising in costs of coal, power, mineral resources, environment, human resource and capitals and the increase in social responsibilities that enterprises should take on will bring restricting factors to the investment and development of cement industry; 2 on the basis of the gradual increase of industrial concentration, market competition will change from the current competition between large enterprises and small enterprises and between new dry process and backward shaft kiln technology to the competition among large enterprises and among new dry processes, so the extent of market competition may further extend; 3 along with RMB increasing in value, demand decreasing in north America, new production lines in Middle east being put into operation and the persistent high price of international shipping, national cement export will face huge menace; backward flow of export products will certainly aggravate market competition in some areas.

但水泥行业的发展也将面临不利因素。一是随着高成本时代的到来，煤炭、电力、矿产资源、环境、人力、资金等成本的不断提高及企业所承担的社会责任的增加，将对水泥工业的投资和发展平添抑制因素；二是在产业集中度逐步提高的基础上，市场的竞争将由目前大企业与小企业、新型干法与落后立窑工艺之间的竞争转为大企业与大企业、新型干法与新型干法之间的竞争，市场竞争的程度有进一步加大的可能；三是随着人民币的升值、北美市场需求的下降、中东新生产线的投产及国际航运价格的居高不下，我国水泥出口将面临巨大的威胁，出口产品的回流，势必将加剧局部地区的市场竞争。

Almost all tungsten miners became bankrupt or were shut down. The main tungsten assets situated at the Northern Caucasia were almost destroyed by low prices and relatively high production costs. In 1997 the hugest tungsten miner in the world - Tyrnausky GOK finally stopped its operation. It produced up to 40 thousand tons of W-concentrate per year during the times of Soviet Union and was a main source of raw material for "Hydrometallurg" conversion plant in Nalchik which became almost bankrupt after the closure of Tyrnausky GOK.

几乎所有的钨矿山企业被迫破产或关闭，位于北高加索地区的主要钨军工企业由于钨产品售价低廉和制造成高走等原因几乎全部陷入绝境。1997年，世界最大的钨矿开采企业泰尔诺斯基公司最终停产，这家企业在苏共联盟执政期间每年生产约40000吨钨精矿，是位于纳契克地区的湿法冶炼工厂的主要原材料供应企业，在Tyrnausky GOK停产后，这家冶炼工厂几乎破产。

It has been put forward that there exists single Ball point and double Ball points on the symmetrical connecting-rod curves of equilateral mechanisms.

从鲍尔点的形成原理出发，分析对称连杆曲线上鲍尔点的产生条件，提出等边机构的对称连杆曲线上有单鲍尔点和双鲍尔点。

The factory affiliated to the Group primarily manufactures multiple-purpose pincers, baking kits, knives, scissors, kitchenware, gardening tools and beauty care kits as well as other hardware tools, the annual production value of which reaches US$ 30 million dollars.

集团所属工厂主要生产多用钳、烤具、刀具、剪刀、厨具、花园工具、美容套等五金产品，年生产总值3000万美元，产品价廉物美、选料上乘、质量保证，深受国内外客户的青睐