价格垄断

However, WinTel's monopolycharges limit how far PC prices.

但是，Wintel联盟垄断定价限制了个人电脑的价格。

Contents in this chapter includes a brief introduction of the history of premium price cartelization, the evolution of state regulation on this kind of naked price-fixing conducts, a summary of varied economic analysis of such cartelization, and a description of how the ISO gave up the practice of publishing advisory rates. This chapter also speculates that, in the end, the state rate regulation may well return to the track of normal antitrust regulation considering the abandonment of advisory rate.

在第三章里，论文分析了美国保险业获得豁免的协会定价行为，介绍美国保险业早期通过行业协会来组成价格卡特尔的情形，同时介绍了各州对这类协会定价行为的监管变迁；对行业协会定价行为进行了竞争效果分析，从经济学的角度对这类最明显、最突出的垄断行为进行定性分析；接下来介绍保险行业协会如何在公众压力之下被迫放弃协会定价行为，分析了保险费率监管是怎样向着反托拉斯法规制回归的。

This administration can be carried out legally through government intervention (until recently, this category included pricing for truckers and deposit costs for financial institutions), illegally through collusion, or "extra-legally" through OPEC-style foreign cartelization (with tag-along benefits for domestic non-cartel operators).

要了解崮中差异，我们必须探究几项影响企业获利的重要因素，一般来说若企业处在产业面临供给过剩且为一般商品化的产品时(在整体表现、外观、售后服务等都无差异化)，便极有可能发生获利警讯，当然若价格或成本在某些情况下(例如透过政府立法干预、非法勾结或国际性联合垄断如 OPEC)能获得控制或可稍微免除自由市场的竞争压力。

Western countries than large companies in certain sectors "collusive" monopoly price in practice is not conducive to the role played by the competition, not conducive to the improvement of production efficiency.

这比西方国家某些行业大公司&合谋&垄断价格的做法实际上是更不利于竞争的作用发挥的，更不利于生产经营效率的提高。

The dissertation gets the critical condiction of the media's choices of price modes and the transaction modes with the content providers.

1第2章分析了传媒产业中媒体企业现有的价格模式，构建了双边纵向产品差异的垄断模型。

Therefore had this kind of kind of condition: Always pursues the German Enterprise which the remarkable technology, the production excellent large-scale electromechanical device are well-known, the roll-call uses the Wuhan Hankou electric furance Limited company's product, the world biggest power toolproducer abundant world in Hangzhou puts up a factory, the Marler company puts up a factory in China is also so, other national and so on Japan, US, Russia, Switzerland, Holland, Denmark order forms continuously, rely on the most cuspidate technology, the perfect quality and the inexpensive price, Hankouelectric furance Limited liability company in are monopolized by the European and American powerful nation many year mechanical and electrical market to cut a bloody road stiffly, and gradually becomes the thoroughfare

于是出现了这样一种状况：向来以追求卓越技术、生产精良大型机电设备而闻名的德国企业，点名使用武汉市汉口电炉有限公司的产品，世界最大的电动工具生产商博世在杭州建厂如此，马勒公司在中国建厂也是如此，其他日本、美国、俄罗斯、瑞士、荷兰、丹麦等国家的订单源源不断，凭借最尖端的技术、过硬的质量和低廉的价格，汉口电炉有限责任公司在被欧美强国垄断多年的机电市场硬生生杀出一条血路，并渐成通途。

Was refers to the exporter to cause in this market in the overseas market fluctuation other competitor's sales difficulty, and eliminated the importing country by the depletive price the competitor, then the scheme monopolized the importing country market.

是指出口商在海外市场的波动导致了该市场上其他竞争者的销售困难，并以掠夺性的价格消灭进口国的竞争对手，进而图谋垄断进口国市场。

Summary u u A monopolistically competitive market is characterized by three attributes: many firms, differentiated products, and free entry.

垄断竞争市场均衡在相关的两个方面不同于完全竞争市场：同于完全竞争市场：每个企业有过剩生产能力，产能力，每个企业收取高于其边际成本的价格。

Because price exceeds marginal cost, an extra unit sold at the posted price means more profit for the monopolistically competitive firm.

因为垄断竞争企业的价格高于其边际成本，成本，以牌价多销售出一个单位产品就意味着利润多了。

For simplicity let us suppose that firm 1 has no monopsonistic power over any factors whose amount it can vary, so that supply curves of such factors are horizontal at prices of P'a, P'b,…, the prices that implicitly correspond to d'.

2为简化起见，假设厂商1对于生产要素（指它可以改变其使用量的任何生产要素）没有买方垄断权力，这样，这些要素的供给曲线，就是在d'点相应的价格P'a， P'b，…上的水平线。

On the other hand, the more important thing is because the urban housing is a kind of heterogeneity products.

另一方面，更重要的是由于城市住房是一种异质性产品。

Climate histogram is the fall that collects place measure calm value, cent serves as cross axle for a few equal interval, the area that the frequency that the value appears according to place is accumulated and becomes will be determined inside each interval, discharge the graph that rise with post, also be called histogram.

气候直方图是将所收集的降水量测定值，分为几个相等的区间作为横轴，并将各区间内所测定值依所出现的次数累积而成的面积，用柱子排起来的图形，也叫做柱状图。