价值

The paper draws the following conclusions:Brand value is the evaluation to the brand as asset and equity and it can be expressed as brand financial value and brand equity. Brand value comes from the extra utility it takes to the customers by satisfying their special needs. The forming base of the brand value is closely relative to the customers, and there are some other factors infecting brand value such as brand extension. Brand value evaluation includes two parts. One is to have a valuation to the brand financial value, the other is to evaluation of the brand equity by choosing a suitable brand equity model.

经过上述研究，本文得到以下结论：品牌价值是对品牌作为一种资产和一种权益的价值量化，具体体现为品牌财务价值和品牌权益价值；从效用价值论的角度，品牌价值来源于品牌带给消费者的特殊效用；品牌与消费者的关系是品牌价值的形成基础，品牌价值的大小还要受到其他因素的影响；完整的品牌价值测评应由两方面构成：按照收益法原则测评品牌的财务价值；选择适当的品牌权益模型对品牌权益进行测评。

Based on the general principle of value, and by analyzing the instrument value and destination value of its study and application, this article is trying to disclose the diversity, the complication and the doubleness of its value, to point out the practical meaning of the study and to establish an evaluation system to judge it objectively and reasonably, thus imposing the necessary limit on its value. In this way, we can make the most of its positive side and avoid or dispel its negative side.

本文立足于价值的一般原理，通过对克隆技术研究和应用的工具价值和目的价值的全面剖析，揭示其价值的多样性、复杂性和正负两面性，指出对其价值限度研究的实践意义，并且尝试建构一套价值评判体系对克隆技术进行客观、合理的价值判断，以此实现对克隆技术价值的必要限度，使之最大程度地发挥正价值，避免或消解其负价值。

The second part for 2-5, carried on the detailed treatise to each step of the article frame. Among them, chapter 2 mainly introduces the theories of total value management and real estate, paves the way to analyze the next substances; chapter 3 introduces the basic theories on value engineering and the significance of value engineering application in project decision-making, and finally indicates the processes and methods of value engineering application in project decision-making with particular analysis of a case; Chapter 4 describes the management of customer value, this part use the factorization methods and factorize the factor of customer value, establishes the step analysis evaluation model, use the SPSS software to analysis the data, scooping out the "latitude degree" that concealed, which customers pay attention to. According to these, this part puts forward the factor classification and improvement; Chapter 5 describes the society responsibilities that the real estate enterprises should afford, constructs a system of target about society value management and poses the specific methods of society value management.

第二部分是本文的主体部分，为二到五章，第二章主要介绍了全面价值管理和房地产的基本理论，为下面的分析做好基础；第三章介绍了价值工程的基本原理以及应用价值工程的意义，并通过案例与理论的结合，论述了价值工程在项目决策应用中的程序和方法；第四章介绍了顾客价值的管理，这部分尝试用因子分析方法把顾客价值因素作为变量，建立顾客价值管理的层级评价模型，利用SPSS统计软件对调查数据进行分析，挖掘变量背后掩藏的"纬度"，即顾客关注的大的价值要素，并根据这些要素的重要性提出了价值要素分类以及改进的思想；第五章描述了房地产企业应承担的社会责任，构建了房地产企业社会价值管理指标体系，并指出了其进行社会价值管理的具体办法。

This paper doesn't research on the general theory and method for valuation, while I try to find a unique way to improve and apply the traditional valuation theory and method in order to meet the need of the new background and new environment. Putting valuation into the value chain background, research on corporate valuation of node corporations of value chain and the value distribution in a value chain, through which the valuation result will reflect the value aim of those companies in value chain and establish a basis for companies to make sure their strategic positions in value chain and to plan their strategy are the main creations of this paper.

因此本文并不是研究价值评估的一般理论与方法，而是将价值评估置于价值链理念下，研究价值链结点企业的价值是否达到了预定目标，并试图建立整条价值链的价值库，以掌握价值链的价值分布问题，从而帮助企业分析自己在价值链中的战略位置，为企业进行战略目标的制定打下良好的基础。

Where is a partial loss of goods, merchandise, or other moveables, the measure of indemnity, subject to any express provision in the policy, is as follows:（1）Where part of the goods, merchandise or other moveables insured by a valued policy is totally lost, the measure of indemnity is such proportion of the sum fixed by the policy as the insurable value of the part lost bears to the insurable value of the whole, ascertained as in the case of an unvalued policy:(2) Where part of the goods, merchandise, or other moveables insured by an unvalued policy is totally lost, the measure of indemnity is the insurable value of the part lost, ascertained as in case of total loss:(3) Where the whole or any part of the goods or merchandise insured has been delivered damaged at its destination, the measure of indemnity is such proportion of the sum fixed by the policy in the case of the valued policy, or of the insurable value in the case of an unvalued policy, as the difference between the gross sound and damaged values at the place of arrival bears to the gross sound value:(4)"Gross value" means the wholesale price, or, if there be no such price, the estimated value, with, in either case, freight, landing charges, and duty paid beforehand; provided that, in the case of goods or merchandise customarily sold in bond, the bonded price is deemed to be the gross value.

货物、商品或者其他动产发生部分损失的，除保险单另有明文规定外，赔偿范围如下：(1)如果定值保险单承保的货物、商品或者其他动产的一部分发生全损，赔偿范围为保险单确定的保险金额中的比例部分，该比例为灭失部分的可保价值占全部可保价值的比例部分。可保价值的确定与不定值保险相同；(3)若不定值保险单承保的货物、商品或者其他动产的一部分发生全损，赔偿范围为损失部分的可保价值，可保价值的确定与全损时相同；(4)如果被保险货物或商品的全部或者一部分以受损状态运抵目的地，赔偿范围以完好毛值与受损价值的差额占完好毛值的比例计算，在定值保险单情况下，是保险单确定的金额的该比例部分，或者，在不定值保险单情况下，是可保价值的该比例部分；(5)"毛值"是指货物的批发价格，如果没有这种价格，则是货物的估计价值，不论哪一种情况，再加上已预先付讫的运费、卸货费和关税之后的价值；但是，如果货物或商品按惯例在关仓出售，那么关仓价格就视为毛值。

Value is the product of the relationship of demand and supply between subjects and objects Subjects consist of three levels such as human totality,groups subjecting to the human totality,and human individuals Coresponding to it,objects include the outside world with respect to human totality（groups+individuals+the world outside human being）,the outside world with respect to human groups,and the outside world with respect to human individuals Therefore,things possess value,so do human beings Because humans themselves are the unity of subjects and objects,humans have selfvalue The reciprocal function of the factors constituting value decides the production of value,promote the changes of value,which is the basic subject of thelaw of value The three factors which have influence on the changes in value are the demand of subjects.the character of objects.and practice The origin of the conflicts of value concepts lies in the differences and opposites of the living conditions of human subjects The direct originis the differences and opposites of value objects Therefore,in order to gradually eliminate the conflicts of human value concepts,the differences of the living conditions of human subjects must be eliminated thoroughly

价值是主客体之间需要与满足关系的产物。主体有人类整体、人类整体之下的群体以及人类个体三个层次，与之相应，客体也包括与人类整体相对的外部世界（群体+个体+人以外的世界）、与人类群体相对的外部世界以及与人类个体相对的外部世界。因而不仅物具有价值，人亦有价值。由于人自身是主客体的统一，因而人还有自我价值。构成价值的各个要素相互作用决定价值的生成、推动价值的变化，这是价值规律的基本内容。影响价值变化的主要有主体需要、客体属性及实践三个要素。价值观念冲突的最终根源在于人类主体生存条件之差别和对立，直接根源则在于价值客体的差别和对立。因而要逐步消除人类价值观念的冲突就必须从根本上消除人类主体生存条件方面的差别做起。

The first part is literature review of relevant Customer Value Theory. In the following part, research questionnaires about customer value in health and fitness entertaining and straight rebuy tendency are designed concerning to existing survey methods and combined with the status quo and features of health and fitness entertaining enterprises. The third part is surveys and analysis about the status quo of custom value in bodybuilding clubs in Nanjing. Six common factors, named as "sentimental value","consumption cost","product value","service value","expected value", and "function value", are concluded as the elements of customer value in health and fitness entertaining after factor analysis and are discussed in the fourth part. In the fifth part, influences of the various elements of customer value on customers' straight rebuy are obtained by Logistic regression analysis. The sixth part is about the relationship between customer individual attribute and customer straight rebuy reached through partial correlation analysis.

首先，梳理了顾客价值理论和体育健身俱乐部相关研究的文献；其次，以顾客价值已有的探测方法，结合商业性健身俱乐部的现状及特点，设计出商业性健身俱乐部顾客感知价值及重购意向的调查问卷；第三，对南京市健身俱乐部顾客价值现状进行了调查和分析；第四，通过因子分析得出商业性健身俱乐部顾客价值构成要素结构，共有六个公共因子，命名为&情感价值&、&消费成本&、&产品价值&、&服务价值&、&期望价值&、&功能价值&；第五，通过Logistic回归分析，得出健身俱乐部顾客价值构成要素对顾客重购行为的影响；第六，通过偏相关分析得出健身俱乐部顾客个体属性与顾客重购行为的关系。

Corporate market value that departures from intrinsic value influences managers behavior and thus holdbacks corporate value creation.

进而，本文采集中国上市公司数据，验证本文提出的有限理性对公司定价的影响机理，实证研究发现：1、中国证券市场上，投资者不能正确判断公司价值创造的效率，从而中国上市公司的市场价值严重脱离公司价值创造的实际情况，出现公司价值创造效率越低，市场对公司的价值预期反而越高的现象。2、背离了公司真实价值创造效率的市场对公司的价值预期强烈影响到公司经理人的投融资和经营行为，阻碍了公司下期的价值创造效率。3、在公司定价偏差对公司内在价值的反作用过程中，行为成本、代理成本和制度成本使经理人理性在现实中受到限制，从而经理人的有限理性行为妨碍并降低公司再投资效率，进而妨碍了公司价值创造效率，从而影响公司的内在价值和市场价值。

Where is a partial loss of goods, merchandise, or other moveables, the measure of indemnity, subject to any express provision in the policy, is as follows:（1）Where part of the goods, merchandise or other moveables insured by a valued policy is totally lost, the measure of indemnity is such proportion of the sum fixed by the policy as the insurable value of the part lost bears to the insurable value of the whole, ascertained as in the case of an unvalued policy:(2) Where part of the goods, merchandise, or other moveables insured by an unvalued policy is totally lost, the measure of indemnity is the insurable value of the part lost, ascertained as in case of total loss:(3) Where the whole or any part of the goods or merchandise insured has been delivered damaged at its destination, the measure of indemnity is such proportion of the sum fixed by the policy in the case of the valued policy, or of the insurable value in the case of an unvalued policy, as the difference between the gross sound and damaged values at the place of arrival bears to the gross sound value:(4)"Gross value" means the wholesale price, or, if there be no such price, the estimated value, with, in either case, freight, landing charges, and duty paid beforehand; provided that, in the case of goods or merchandise customarily sold in bond, the bonded price is deemed to be the gross value.

货物、商品或者其他动产发生部分损失的，除保险单另有明文规定外，赔偿范围如下：(1)如果定值保险单承保的货物、商品或者其他动产的一部分发生全损，赔偿范围为保险单确定的保险金额中的比例部分，该比例为灭失部分的可保价值占全部可保价值的比例部分。可保价值的确定与不定值保险相同；(3)若不定值保险单承保的货物、商品或者其他动产的一部分发生全损，赔偿范围为损失部分的可保价值，可保价值的确定与全损时相同；(4)如果被保险货物或商品的全部或者一部分以受损状态运抵目的地，赔偿范围以完好毛值与受损价值的差额占完好毛值的比例计算，在定值保险单情况下，是保险单确定的金额的该比例部分，或者，在不定值保险单情况下，是可保价值的该比例部分；(5)&毛值&是指货物的批发价格，如果没有这种价格，则是货物的估计价值，不论哪一种情况，再加上已预先付讫的运费、卸货费和关税之后的价值；但是，如果货物或商品按惯例在关仓出售，那么关仓价格就视为毛值。

Value is that human being exercises the what be run after basic target, the value having no equal to fetches various activities carried out by people face, many ways need living and developing since sports is able to satisfy human society, What it displays is that the sports small side door teleonomy and organic agreeing well with regularity ask ask us for help on kind basis combining with being real in the demand.

在体育的领域里，有着大量的价值问题，从价值构成方面看，有体育的价值认识问题、体育的价值评价问题、体育的价值观念问题、体育的代价问题、体育与人的价值实现问题和体育的价值创造问题等等；从价值的类别看，则有体育的文化价值、体育的政治价值、体育的经济价值和体育的精神价值等等；而从体育的构成看，还有运动健身的价值，体育教育的价值及竞技体育的价值等等问题。

Breath, muscle contraction of the buttocks; arch body, as far as possible to hold his head, right leg straight towards the ceiling (peg-leg knee in order to avoid muscle tension).

呼气，收缩臀部肌肉；拱起身体，尽量抬起头来，右腿伸直朝向天花板（膝微屈，以避免肌肉紧张）。

The cost of moving grain food products was unchanged from May, but year over year are up 8%.

粮食产品的运输费用与5月份相比没有变化，但却比去年同期高8％。