价

The results show that the Coulomb\'s force and angle torsion interactions were important to the formation and stabilization of montmorillonite structure.

计算结果表明，在蒙脱石的稳定构型中，起主要作用的是非价键作用的库仑作用能和价键作用的角弯曲作用能。

Furthermore, though Nt and Ne are the two different covalent factors belonging to different wave functions, their difference in numerical values should be small, because Racah electrostatic parameter A plays a great role in the calculation of energy levels when the covalence effect is considered.

Nt和Ne虽然是属于两个不同轨道的不同的共价因子，但在数值上不能有大的差别，因为考虑进共价效应后，拉卡静电参量A对能级计算有极大的影响。

In this thesis, the oxygen sensitive materials and glucose sensitive materials had been developed by thermo-polymerization method including carrier covalence method and carrier covalence-cross linking method, and the properties had been investigated using the detection experiment of oxygen and spectrophotometer, at the mean time, the applications of oxygen sensitive materials in fiber optical gaseous oxygen sensor and fiber optical dissolved oxygen sensor, and that of biology sensitive materials in fiber optical dextrose sensor had been studied in this paper.

本论文采用热聚法(包括载体共价法和载体共价-交联法)制备氧敏感材料以及在此基础上制备了对葡萄糖敏感的敏感材料，利用氧测试实验或分光光度计对氧敏感材料进行性能评价，研究氧敏感材料在光纤气态氧传感器和光纤溶解氧传感器中的应用以及氧敏感材料在光纤葡萄糖传感器中的应用。

Major content of this work includes five aspects as follows:(1). Oxygen sensitive materials had been prepared by carrier covalence method, and the preparation mechanism of the materials had been investigated by FI-IR, SEM, and the detection experiment of oxygen. Then through the detection of oxygen, the sensitivity and stability had been estimated, and it was studied that the properties of materials would be affected by the various factors.(2). Oxygen sensitive materials had been prepared by carrier covalence-cross linking method, and the preparation mechanism of the materials had been investigated by FI-IR, SEM, and the detection experiment of oxygen. Then through the detection of oxygen and spectrophotometer, the sensitivity and stability had been estimated, and it was studied that the properties of materials would be affected by the various factors.(3). For the detection of gaseous oxygen, the fiber optical sensor on basis of oxygen sensitive materials had a respond time of 10s, detection limit of 5ppmand detection precision of 0.5%. The sensor had good repeatability and stability, a less delay and at least 1 year life-span.

本论文主要包括以下五个方面的内容：(1)载体共价法制备氧敏感材料：通过红外光谱、扫描电镜图谱和氧测试实验探讨该氧敏感材料的制备机理，通过氧测试实验评价该氧敏感材料的氧敏感性和稳定性，同时研究了各种因素对该氧敏感材料性能的影响(2)载体共价—交联法制备氧敏感材料：通过红外光谱、扫描电镜图谱和氧测试实验探讨该氧敏感材料的制备机理，通过氧测试实验和分光光度计评价该氧敏感材料的氧敏感性和稳定性，同时研究了各种因素对该氧敏感材料性能的影响(3)氧敏感材料在光纤气态氧传感器中的应用：该传感器的响应时间为10s，检测下限为5ppm，检测精度为0.5％，具有较好的重复性和稳定性，迟滞较小，使用寿命至少为1年，适合各种环境下气态氧浓度的检测。

Using DFT combined with the orbital localized approach and Xu's covalence new concepts on a molecular fragment, it is concluded that the covalence of copper atom is 7 in 〓-type clusters and in inorganic fullerene-like molecule 〓, and there are Cu-Cu single bonds in 〓-type clusters.

应用DFT结合轨道定域化的方法和分子片共价的新概念，提出了在〓类簇合物和无机类富勒烯分子〓〓中Cu原子的共价为7，以及化合物中Cu-Cu单键的存在；解释了通常认为这类化合物中Cu-Cu之间没有成键作用而又不能回答较短的Cu-Cu键长的问题。

Fe〓 is the source of electron in the process of reductive dechlorination and RCl is the acceptor of electron.

在零价铁对氯代烃的还原性脱氯过程中，零价铁是主要的还原剂，起到电子源的作用，氯代烃起到氧化剂的作用，是电子受体。

There are nine bivalents in pollen mother cells at late diplotene or early diakinesis, and the homologous chromosomes essentially arrange on the equatorial plate at late metaphase Ⅰor early anaphase Ⅰ, then the two homologous chromosomes of each bivalent separate from each other and move to two opposite poles drawn by spindle fibers.

在减数分裂双线期末或终变期初，可以观察到9个二价体，在中期I末至后期I初，同源染色体基本排列在赤道板上，然后在纺锤丝的牵引下二价体的两条同源染色体分开，分别移向两极，每一极有9条染色体，从而确认该属植物的染色体基数为x=9。

Thress homologous chromosomes of trisomics associated as a trivalent or a bivalent and a univalent or three univalent during diakinesis and metaphase 1 ;Laggard chromosome and univalent separated in advance at anaphase I ,leading to distribution of 10-1-10,9-12,11-11,10-2-10,10-12,10-10,9-1-11 besides 10-ll;And there was distribution of 11-11-10-10, 10-10-10-12, 10-10-10-11, 10-11-11-11, 11-11-10-9, 10-10-10-10, 9-12-10-10, 9-9-11-11, 11-10-10-9, 12-10-9-11, 11-9-9-13, 10-10-10-9 at anaphase II ;n l microspore frequency were different of four trisomics.

三体在终变期和中期Ⅰ，3个同源染色体联会成三价体，或2个联会成二价体和1个单价体，或3个都为单价体；后期Ⅰ出现落后染色体或单价体提前分离，导致除10-11式分离外，还有10-1-10，9-12，11-11，10-2-10，10-12，10-10，9-1-11等不均衡分离方式；后期Ⅱ有11-11-10-10，10-10-10-12，10-10-10-11，10-11-11-11，11-11-10-9，10-10-10-10，9-12-10-10，9-9-11-11，11-10-10-9，12-10-9-11，11-9-9-13，10-10-10-9等分离方式；4个三体中的n 1小孢子频率不同。

Black jack because he is the god of qi, and surgical technique that name is widely spread all over the world, but he is a doctor, but all receipts for such a dios, but the secret d love and hate and prostrated himself in his god of medical technology, technology for him and for the sky seemed quite cold, But black jack for treatment, but no certain standards, sometimes have to offer the millions of yuan, but sometimes not cure a dime, especially in such treatment from the intercourse between for reading, can actually black jack's sentiment and righteousness.

黑杰克因他神乎奇技般的外科手术技术，而使名号广为流传于世界各地，但他却是个无照的医师，然而众人对于这样一个谜样般的密医，却是又爱又恨，拜倒于他那神技般的医疗技术，却又对于他看诊的漫天索价相当感冒；但黑杰克对于治疗费用的索取，却没有一定的标准，有时非得开价上亿元不医，有时却又一毛不取替人治疗，在这样索价的往来之间，其实可以细读出黑杰克的情与义。

The results indicate that the Sn on the catalyst is present in tetravalence, in alloy with platinum, and in divalence.

结果表明该催化剂中的锡主要有正四价锡、铂-锡合金和正二价锡。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。