仲裁

The author holds that arbitrament of disputing matters is not a pure theoretical issue in theinternational business affairs arbitration, which, to great extent, may determine the effect ofarbitration agreements, the jurisdiction, the acknowledgement and execution of arbitramentadjudichon, etc..

国际商事仲裁中争议事项的可仲裁性问题并非仲裁制度中的纯理论问题，它在很大程度上决定了仲裁协议的效力、仲裁庭的仲裁管辖权和仲裁裁决的承认及执行等重大权利和经济利益。

The author mainly presents his ideas in this thesis from the following aspects: To perfect Chinese sports law, China should have its own sports arbitration system so that the law could catch up with the development of Chinese sports and international sports as well; Sports arbitration should aim at fairness and effectiveness; The popularity of sports arbitration institutions and the lawfulness of arbitration procedures and verdict effect make sports arbitration quasi-judicial; As long as sports arbitration is listed in the regulations of sports organizations, it could be applied for its compulsiveness; Sports arbitration is supposed to address the disputes caused by the disciplinary punishment, and that caused by the such major problems like the registration, circulation, and qualifications of the sportsman, and disputes caused by the contracts in sports activities; Mediation procedure and immediate arbitration procedure should be given special attention in the establishment of arbitration procedures; Sports arbitrators should be neutral in solving disputes, and should be a qualified sports worker.

本文认为，为完善中国体育法制建设，适应中国竞技体育发展的实际需求并与国际惯例接轨，中国应尽快设立体育仲裁制度；体育仲裁的价值目标应该是公正和效益；体育仲裁机构的民间性及仲裁程序和裁决效力的司法性，使得体育仲裁的性质具有准司法性；体育仲裁具有强制性的特征，只要体育组织的章程中有体育仲裁的规定，即可申请体育仲裁；体育仲裁的范围应限于竞技体育领域中因体育组织的纪律处罚所引起的纠纷，因运动员注册、流动、转会以及参赛资格等体育专业问题所引起的纠纷，因竞技体育活动中的合同关系所引起的纠纷。体育仲裁的程序建构要突出调解程序和快速仲裁程序；体育仲裁员必须确保中立并且其素质群中还应具备体育知识的素质。

The author mainly presents his ideas in this thesis from the following aspects: To perfect Chinese sports law, China should have its own sports arbitration system so that the law could catch up with the development of Chinese sports and international sports as well; The popularity of Sports arbitration institutions and the lawfulness of arbitration procedures and verdict effect make sports arbitration quasi-judicial; As long as sports arbitration is listed in the regulations of sports organizations, it could be applied for its compulsiveness; sports arbitration is supposed to address the disputes caused by the such major problems like the registration, circulation, and qualifications of the sportsman, and disputes caused by the contracts in sports activities; Mediation procedure and immediate arbitration procedure should be given special attention in the establishment of arbitration procedures; Sports arbitration should be neutral in solving disputes, and should be a qualified sports worker.

本文认为，为完善中国体育法制建设，适应中国竞技体育发展的实际需求并与国际惯例接轨，中国应尽快设立体育仲裁制度：体育仲裁机构的民间性以及仲裁程序和裁决效力的司法性，使得体育仲裁的性质具有准司法性；体育仲裁机构应具有民间性特征，体育仲裁员必须确保中立并具有体育知识素质；体育仲裁具有强制性的特征，只要体育组织的章程或规则中有体育仲裁的规定，即可申请体育仲裁；体育仲裁的范围应限于竞技体育领域中因体育组织的纪律处罚所引起的纠纷，因运动员注册、转会、流动以及参赛资格等体育专业问题所引起的纠纷，因竞技体育活动中的合同关系引起的纠纷等；体育仲裁的程序建构要突出调解程序和快速仲裁程序；体育仲裁也应具有类似于国际商事仲裁的"一裁终局"的效力；由于自身的缺陷，法院可以对体育仲裁裁决予以适当的司法审查，给当事人一个程序化的救济权利的机制。

Eliminating the discriminate of the domestic and international judicial supervision of commercial arbitration; abolishing the supervisory way of not granting the partys application, merge the function of the original not granted arbitrament into the eliminated arbitrament; stricting the judicial supervisory process, for example, specifying the cognizance way of elimination process of arbitrament, shortening the elimination term, specifying the effectiveness of the arbitrament after elimination and the effectiveness of the arbitrative consultation; perfecting the redress way of eliminating the arbitration, especially the exertion of the ways of rearbitraion; strictly controlling the application range of social public benefit.

应当消除国内及涉外商事仲裁司法监督的差别待遇；取消当事人申请不予执行仲裁裁决的监督方式，将原有不予执行仲裁裁决的功能并入撤销仲裁裁决；严格司法监督程序，比如明确仲裁裁决撤销程序的审理方式、缩短撤销期限、明确仲裁裁决被撤销后裁决的效力以及仲裁协议的效力；完善撤销仲裁裁决的救济途径，尤其要重视重新仲裁方式的运用；严格控制&社会公共利益&的适用范围。

By analyzing the concrete problems in Chinese sports dispute-solving mechanism, the paper introduces the working system of sports arbitration in international sports organization and in some foreign countries, and it compares sports arbitration with other dispute-solving mechanism――Civil Procedure, Administrative Procedure, Civil and Commercial arbitration, labor arbitration, on the basis of which the necessity and impendency, the pursuit and establishment of sports arbitration are adequately elaborated .

本文对体育仲裁与民事诉讼、行政诉讼、民商事仲裁、劳动仲裁等纠纷解决机制做了比较分析，探讨了国际体育组织以及一些国家体育组织的体育仲裁的运行机制，并充分论证了目前我国竞技体育纠纷机制的现状和问题，指出建立体育仲裁制度的必要性和迫切性，并为我国体育仲裁机制的构建提出了一些基本设想。

The paper is written begin from the nomology and the theory foundation of arbitration,compareing the international countries'legislations,and discussing the Arbitrability of some kinds of new disputes.Aiming to conclude the current of the international commercial arbitration development,and study the standards of the legislation on arbitrability of disputes to give some effective suggestions about the legislation of our country about arbitrability.

本文从仲裁制度作为一种独特纠纷解决方式它产生的基础和法理依据开始探讨，参考各国关于可仲裁性的立法，旨在对国际社会仲裁范围的发展趋势进行总体把握，同时对可仲裁性的标准进行研究，以期对中国仲裁有关争议可仲裁性的立法和实践提出一些合理建议。

The third part discusses the American negotiable securities dispute to arbitrate the system to our country's enlightenment, this part is for the purpose of unifying first part and the second part of research results, proposed that our country arbitrates the solution negotiable securities dispute's value goal and the basic principle, the negotiable securities dispute arbitral agreement, the negotiable securities dispute arbitration facilities establishment, the arbitration scope, the arbitral procedure rule.

第三部分讨论美国证券纠纷仲裁制度对我国的启示，本部分旨在结合第一部分和第二部分的研究成果，提出我国仲裁解决证券纠纷的价值目标和基本原则，证券纠纷仲裁协议、证券纠纷仲裁机构的设置、仲裁的范围、仲裁程序规则。

In traditional international business arbitration,domestic law of the arbitrating place is the undisputable authority.

在传统的国际商事仲裁中，仲裁地的国内法具有无可争辩的权威，但随着国际商事仲裁的发展，仲裁地法受到了&非国内化&的挑战，出现了仲裁程序脱离仲裁地法控制的趋势。

According to provisions of arbitration law, companying the disputes of the effectiveness of arbitration agreement in arbitration practice, this text covers and analyses the forms of the arbitration agreement, invalid arbitration agreement, the effectiveness of flaw arbitration agreement and propounding objection to the effectiveness of arbitration agreement.

本文根据我国仲裁法的规定，结合仲裁实践中关於仲裁协议效力易发生的争议，对於仲裁协议的形式、无效仲裁协议、有瑕疵的仲裁协议效力的认定、仲裁协议效力异议的提出等问题进行了探讨和分析。

When arbitration proceedings are conducted in the Sub-Commissions, the functions and duties under these Rules to be carried out by the Chairman, the secretariat and the Secretary-General of the Arbitration Commission shall be performed by the Vice-Chairmen as authorized by the Chairman, the secretariats and the Secretaries-General of the Sub-Commissions respectively, except for the circumstances provided for in Article 30 of these Rules.

在分会进行仲裁时，本仲裁规则规定由仲裁委员会主任和仲裁委员会秘书局或秘书长分别履行的职责，由仲裁委员会主任授权的副主任和仲裁委员会分会秘书处或秘书长分别履行，但本规则第三十条规定的情形除外。

The absorption and distribution of chromium were studied in ryeusing nutrient culture technique and pot experiment.

采用不同浓度K2CrO4(0，0.4，0.8和1.2 mmol/L)的Hoagland营养液处理黑麦幼苗，测定铬在黑麦体内的亚细胞分布、铬化学形态及不同部位的积累。

By analyzing theory foundation of mathematical morphology in the digital image processing, researching morphology arithmetic of the binary Image, discussing two basic forms for the least structure element: dilation and erosion.

通过分析数学形态学在图像中的理论基础，研究二值图像的形态分析算法，探讨最小结构元素的两种基本形态：膨胀和腐蚀；分析了数学形态学复杂算法的基本原理，把数学形态学的部分并行处理理念引入到家实际应用中。