仪式

With the hearing and visual symbol, such as chanting lection, dancing, clothing, juggernaut, faqi (musical instruments used in a Buddhist or Taoist mass), and offerings, the Quanzhen School of Taoism communicate its faith and ideas to the followers timely. The article analyzed the cere...

本文从仪式整体和音乐本体两个方面来剖析仪式音乐的符号意义，认为全真道仪式中的听觉和视觉符号共同表达的内容是：敬畏之情、清静之心和中和之意。

Revolved around the following questions, the part analysis systematically which kinds of ritual is prevailing in the different stages of Shang and Zhou: the standard of classification of rituals recorded by oracle bone inscription, the kinds of rituals in oracle bone inscription, textual and bronze inscription, the degree of factualness recorded in lishu of Eastern Zhou.

围绕殷墟卜辞中祭祖仪式分类的标准，卜辞、文献、金文中所见商代后期、西周春秋时代祭祖仪式的种类，东周礼书中常祀的历史真实性等问题展开论述，并对殷代（本文中"商代"与"殷代"代表两个不同的历史阶段，后者指从盘庚迁殷到武王克商之间的历史时期）前期、西周春秋时代等历史阶段贵族经常举行何种祭祖仪式作了系统分析。

Trough field-work, we found that Wang-huo is not only a part of cult in Spring Festival, but also a part of individual life-crisis ceremonials of indigene, so it provided with characteristic of ceremony behavior. Using ceremony theory, the paper analyzed the shaping effect of the ceremony of Wang-huo to local social structure, and the reflected social order of the symbolic cultural performing activity.

通过田野调查发现，它不仅是年节祭祀礼仪的组成部分，还跨入当地人的生命礼仪，具有仪式行为特点，故引入仪式分析的角度，分析旺火仪式活动对当地社会结构的塑造作用，及其作为一种符号性文化表演所反映的内在社会秩序。

Although the names, practical ritual operations, and local rituals of the Jiao Festivals vary they share similarities in having basically identical Taoist traditional ritual structures and local ritual Structures which shows that local people have paid attention not only to local rituals in Jiao Festival but also to the norms of integral ritual sign.

变异性主要表现在仪节名称、仪节的具体操作方式和某些纯地方性仪式不同，同一性表现在具有基本相同的来自道教正统的仪式结构和基本相似的地方仪式结构，显示出民间既重视在太平醮中加入地方的表达方式也重视整体仪式符号的规范性。

While Yangge based on civilian performing includes much crude, natural characters and Mixed with weird, pornography and flirting anti-ceremony ingredients, such as Harlequin\'s Carnival with monkeyshine, singing, dancing, drama sex hinted and attracting of the action or libretto.

更不容忽视的潜层功能指向是：在与中国传统的傩仪、迎春仪式、元宵仪式时间一致的情况下，秧歌这种群体参与的仪式展演成为了加强性的象征仪式——人类随自然节气的更替而表现出的自我调适。

That is to say, the ritual of political legitimacy must be changed from traditional type of consanguinity, hereditariness and god-given regality into legal principle type in which the authority comes from and is approbated by people\'s vote; from subject type of passive moralized inculcation into citizen type of initiative study and free selection; from closed exclusive type into openparticipation type——the ritual of people participating in politicalactions is no longer controlled or confined in an extremely incapacious and closed spectrum.

政治合法化仪式从基于血缘、世袭和君权神授的传统型向以通过民众投票和选举来表达授权与认可的法理型转变；政治社会化仪式从被动教化和灌输的臣民型向主动学习和自由选择的公民型转变；政治参与仪式由封闭的排他型转变为开放的参与型——即参与政治的仪式的不再被控制和局限在极其狭小和封闭的范围内。

The rite of "Xioubu", which is studied as a case in this paper, is not only a crisis rite against ghosts, but also a calendrical rite for seasonal celebrations.

本文经验研究的对象——西欧布仪式——既是岁时仪式又是危机仪式，具有二者的特征；同时也符合广义的通过仪式的定义。

Therefore, with the aid of the analysis used in institutional economics, here is a first tentative to the constructive rational theory, formational mechanism, the institutional function and its change in the Islamic rites supposed as a social system.

本文力图运用制度经济学的分析工具，把伊斯兰仪式作为一种社会制度，分析伊斯兰仪式的建构理性，首次论证伊斯兰仪式的型构机制，指明伊斯兰仪式的制度功能与制度变迁。

Then, comparing the seriousness of ritual and the carnival of football game, the study examins how the individual has questioned bravely to the institutions by the game spirits, and how the institutions give lessons to the impetuous individual relaxedly but severely.

本研究再从课堂场景转向课外事件：研究首先对比分析了制度化场景中的成人仪式与民间出生仪式，揭示了作为社会成员的出场与作为自然生命的出生的异同以及不同仪式后不同的文化内涵；再将仪式的严肃与足球赛的狂欢做比较，个人仰仗游戏精神大胆向制度发问；制度轻松但严厉地教训了&造次&的个人。

RITUAL SACRIFICE \ 献祭仪式 Miners prepared to sacrifice llamas for a ritual celebration on the outskirts of Oruro, Bolivia, Friday.

玻利维亚奥鲁罗郊区，矿工们准备将骆驼作为一个宗教仪式的祭品。

I didn't watch TV last night, because it .

昨晚我没有看电视，因为电视机坏了。

Since this year, in a lot of villages of Beijing, TV of elevator liquid crystal was removed.

今年以来，在北京的很多小区里，电梯液晶电视被撤了下来。