以土覆盖

Based on the plasto-elastic bounding surface model, the dynamic characters of typical clay and silt were studied through several types of laboratory dynamic tests. The parameters of dynamic bounding surface model were given upon the tests. By using a nonlinear procedure for response analysis of horizontally layered sites subjected to multi-directional earthquake loading, the response of acceleration, pore pressure and dynamic stress in Shanghai area under different earthquakes were studied.

在弹塑性边界面模型的基础上，通过试验，研究了上海地区典型粘土和砂性土的动力特性，取得了针对边界面模型的计算参数，并采用多向地震作用下的水平地层弹塑性动力反应分析程序对以深厚软土覆盖地层为特点的上海地区典型的土层断面，以苏南核电站为主的地震输入进行了场地反应分析，在加速度特性、孔压特性和动应力特性等方面取得了相应的结果。

By field-testing methods, such as static cone penetration test, field vane shear test, and pore water piezometer test, the variation of strength and the pore water pressure are measured at real time, and the marine hydrodynamics' impaction on the consolidation process of the sediments in the Yellow River Estuary was studied. It is shown that the self-consolidated sediments have a very fast consolidation rate, under self-consolidation, in 72h, the consolidation degree reaches 37% and about 142h the pore water pressure disperse over, while under the hydrodynamics, in 72h the consolidation degree reaches 52% and about 195h the pore water pressure disperse over.

在黄河三角洲刁口叶瓣潮坪上，开挖2m×1m×1m的试坑，现场取土配置黄河口快速沉积形成的流体状堆积物，以铁板部分覆盖试坑隔绝波浪和潮流作用，利用微型贯入、静力触探、十字板剪切试验、孔隙水压力监测等原位测试手段，实时测定快速沉积的海床土强度发展以及孔隙水压力消散情况，研究快速沉积的粉质海床土分别在自重条件下以及在波浪和潮波等水动力作用下的固结过程。

The paper focuses on the tetraploidy black locust on Loess plaeatu of West Shanxi province, applys steady state promoter method and image processing technology to study the days transpiration water consumption in different weather ,different seasons and different site conditions,has primary analysis on the impact of environment on the transpiration and carries on the calculation to the tetraploidy locust tree by the single leaf water consumption to the single tree water consumption in CaiJiachuan watershed; Uses fast weighing method to measure and analyze the transpiration water consumption of five different herbs under the tetraploidy black locust forest (Capillary Wormwood,Vanilla,Agropyron Sristatum , Common Sowthistle and Medicago Sativa) in short time, in the same and different growcrop,and calculates the average transpiration water consumption per square metres ;the soil colome weighing method was used for determining diumal variation quantity of soil moisture evaporation, analyzing the dynamic variation and caculating the total quantity of soil evaporation water consumption from May to August ; then 5 kind of suppositions about the types of surface vegetation coverage are proposed in experimented site and the total evapotranspiration water consumption are calculated under 5 suppoitions ,aim at providing preliminary theoretic basis for ascertaining the transpiration water consumption of tetraploidy black locust forest,controling standing forest density and optimizing the forest grass deploy on loess plaeatu of west Shanxi province .

本文以两种不同立地条件下的四倍体刺槐林为研究对象，采用了气孔计法对蔡家川流域生长季内不同天气状况下(典型晴天、阴天和半阴天)四倍体刺槐日蒸腾耗水规律、不同季节(生长季初期、中期和末期)的蒸腾耗水规律、两种不同立地条件下四倍体刺槐蒸腾耗水比较以及影响四倍体刺槐蒸腾耗水的环境因子进行初步研究分析，并对四倍体刺槐由单叶耗水量向单株耗水量进行推算；采用经典快速连续称重法对四倍体刺槐林地生长的主要5种草本植物(白蒿、香青兰、冰草、苦苣和苜蓿)短时段内蒸腾耗水规律、不同生长季内蒸腾耗水规律、同一生长季不同种类草本植物蒸腾耗水量进行了比较分析，并且采用面积与重量比的方法推算出了单位面积四倍体刺槐林地几种主要草本植物平均蒸腾耗水量：采用土柱称重法测定了5月份～8月份土壤水分蒸发昼夜变化量、对试验期内土壤蒸发量动态变化作了分析、推算出了试验地5月份～8月份土壤蒸发耗水总量；对试验地地表植被覆盖类型提出了5种假设，推算出5种假设的情景下蒸散耗水总量，旨在为晋西黄土区四倍体刺槐林蒸腾耗水量的确定、林分密度调控以及林草优化配置等提供初步的理论依据。

In this paper, By taking Pubugou high rockfill dam on deep overburden as the object of study, the emphatical investigations about the above-mentioned themes have been done as the following aspects.

本文紧密结合这一课题，以瀑布沟深覆盖层上高土石坝为工程对象，重点对高土石坝抗震技术中的关键问题作了如下几方面的研究。

The time of the pedogenic process was in the last ice age, therefore this area was colder and drier in climate and lower in sea level than today. The main chemical process in the soil was oxidation, a period of the formation of oxide minerals such as limonite. With the deposition and covering of the marine facies layer in the postglacial period, the soil turned into diagenetic process. Consequently the chemical process in the soil was dominated by reduction and this process was the main development period for nodules of iron-manganese carbonate to form.

成土期处于末次冰期低海面、气候寒冷干燥期，土壤的化学过程是以氧化作用为主，是褐铁矿等氧化性矿物形成时期；冰后期海相层的沉积覆盖使土壤层进入成者阶段，土壤层的化学过程以还原作用为主，成岩过程是铁锰碳酸盆结核的主要生成期。

There were 75 soil series of covering different landforms,Parent material,soil types in Hubei Province are identified,which belong to 55 subgroups,36 great groups,17 suborders and 10 orders according to Chinese Soil Taxonomy.

以《中国土壤系统分类》以及《土壤基层分类试用方案》为准则，以特征土层为土系主要划分依据，建立了覆盖湖北省不同地貌、母质、土壤类型共75个土系，归属于《中国土壤系统分类》的55个亚类，36个土类，17个亚纲，10个土纲。

The results showed that there was most distinct difference in rooting rate among seedling varieties, rooting substrates, among them, substrate mixed with cultivate soil and peat soil in proportion of 7-3 was the best one , 500mg/l NAA and IBA solutions had no distinct effect on enhance rooting, covered with plastic membrane had most distinct excelled to which covered none.

结果表明，不同苗木品种的生根成活率差异极显著；不同基质的生根成活率差异极显著，其中以耕作土加泥炭土按7：3混合的基质效果最好；500mg/l NAA和IBA溶液处理对生根没有显著作用，扦插后覆盖塑料薄膜的生根效果极显著优于不覆盖薄膜处理。

The fluid sediments imitating the rapidly deposited seabed silts were made in-situ, and an iron plate covered part of the test pit to cut off the effect of the marine hydrodynamics. By field-testing methods, such as static cone penetration test, field vane shear test, the variation of strength is measured at real time, and the marine hydrodynamics' impaction on the consolidation process of the sediments in the Yellow River Estuary was studied.

在黄河三角洲刁口叶瓣潮坪上，开挖2m ×1m×1m 的试坑，现场取土配置黄河口快速沉积形成的流体状堆积物，以铁板部分覆盖试坑隔绝波浪和潮流作用，利用微型贯入、静力触探、十字板剪切试验等原位测试手段，实时测定快速沉积的海床土强度，研究快速沉积的粉质海床土分别在自重条件下以及在波浪和潮波等水动力作用下的固结过程。

It is suggested that policy should be on the basis of minimum irrigation, soil mulching and straw and manure utilization, and the leading one of its measures should be to use high-salined groundwater as an accompaniment of river water, by the integration of the power-pumped-Yellow-River irrigation system and well-water irrigation system, to lower the watertable and reduce the irrigation cost. Thus the dynamic balance of salts, as well as the prevention and reclamation of salinization, will have been kept through the management of water and soil organic matter.

在此基础上结合国内外盐渍化防治及盐渍土改良利用方面的发展趋势，笔者提出应该以水盐平衡理论为指导，以节水灌溉为前提，以地面覆盖和土壤培肥为基础，以井排系统与引黄灌水系统并网，井渠混灌，降低地下水位为突破口，通过对水分和肥力的调控和管理达到对盐分的调控和管理，使盐分在土体或灌区实现动态平衡，从而达到土壤盐渍化的预防和治理。

In the United States, chronic alcoholism and hepatitis C are the most common ones.

在美国，慢性酒精中毒，肝炎是最常见的。

If you have any questions, you can contact me anytime.

如果有任何问题，你可以随时联系我。