以全文

The former three chapters are about theoretical research, and the forth chapter is about empirical research. The theoretical research part generalizes the theoretical basis, theoretical model and the concept of city competitiveness both at home and abroad. According to these theories, the paper introduces the complete and explicit definition of city competitiveness and brings in a new city competitiveness model .The paper emphasizes on empirical research using the data in 2004 as sample, whose objects are ten big cities:Guangzhou, Shenzhen, Tianjin, Shenyang, Dalian, Nanjing, Hangzhou, Wuhan, Chongqing and Chengdu. Firstly, on the basis of mean square deviation method, it finds out both the scores of integrated competitiveness of cities and other factors, based on that analyze the relationship between them. And then the paper computes the scores of competitiveness of cities above by principal component analysis and sorts out them for assessment.

理论研究部分主要是概括的叙述了城市竞争力研究的理论基础和理论模型及国内外城市竞争力的概念，在此基础之上对城市竞争力给出了完整明确的定义，并提出了新的城市竞争力模型；全文的重点在实证分析部分，实证分析是以广州、深圳、天津、沈阳、大连、南京、杭州、武汉、重庆、成都10个城市为研究对象，以其2004年的数据为样本，首先用均方差的方法计算各城市综合竞争力与各要素竞争力的得分，以此来分析综合竞争力与各要素竞争力之间的关系，然后采用因子分析的方法计算2004年各城市综合竞争力的得分并给出排序进行评价。

METHODS: The literatures related to the treatment of nephrotic edema were retrieved from the following: Chinese Biological Medicine Database, Chinese Journals Full-text Database (CNKI, 1994-2006), Chinese Technological Periodicals Database (VIP, 1989-2006), Chinese Evidence Biological Medicine/Cochrane Central Database, Cochrane Library Database, MEDLINE (1966-2006), EMBASE (1975-2006), MEDLARS, SCI (1985-2006) and OVID by electron and craft search with the following key words: nephrotic syndrome, edema, recalcitrant edema, refractory edema or resistant nephrotic edema, and treatment, diuretic therapy or human albumin treatment.

以"肾病综合征"、"水肿或顽固性水肿或难治性水肿"、"治疗或利尿治疗"为中文关键词，以"nephrotic edema 或 recalcitrant edema 或 refractory edema 或 resistant nephrotic edema "、"treatment 或diuretic therapy 或 human albumin"为英文关键词，采用电子和手工检索中国生物医学文献数据库、中国期刊全文数据库（CNKI，1994～2006.12）、维普中文科技期刊数据库（1989～）、中国循证医学/Cochrane 中心数据库、Cochrane图书馆等数据库、MEDLINE(1966.11-2006.2)、EMBASE(1975-2006.12)、MEDLARS、SCI(1985-2006.12)及OVID。

The article is divided into five parts: Chapter 1. In this chapter the author discusses the history and development of the witness. It experiences the process from obscuration to civilization, from irrational to rational, which leads to the analysis of witness's concept in contemporary procedure law.

全文共分五章：第一章证人概述部分以历史考察的角度简要回顾了证人在诉讼中从野蛮到文明、从非理性到理性的演变过程，从而引出现代诉讼法律意义上证人概念的分析，以奠定证人制度研究的理论基础，理解作证主体的身份。

Through the results of surveys, this article modeled a generalized phenomenon of a conventional wedding ceremony corresponding to socioeconomic background, and divided the period into four sub-periods. This article took time as the ordinate axis and investigated the wedding ceremony and instruments across history. Based on the conventional wedding model, we tried to observe the veins of change and analysis the cultural significance.

依据调查结果，将传统婚俗的普遍现象整理出一个模式，再将婚俗型态相近者划分为同一时期，同时，配合其社经背景将整个婚俗变迁的过程分为四个时期，全文以时间为纵轴；以婚俗仪式及器物作横向探讨，在传统婚俗模式的基础上，进行四个时期的比较，目的在观察该区婚俗变迁之脉络，并分析其内在文化意涵。

The dissertation gives a omnifarious textual research into Jiujiang"s economy from the all and the one of Jiujiang and the drainage areas of Yangtse River ,synthetically using the methods of history , intercity science , economics , geography and sociology .This dissertation also goes deep into the conventional function and the switchover of its neoteric role,demonstrating the bidirectional nexus between the inland areas of Jiangxi and Yangtse"s entrepot,based on the angle of the center of Jiujiang"s economic noumenon. It probes into the vicissitude from center to verge in the aspect of Jiujiang"s trade. Eventually This dissertation opens out the incompleteness in the course of the neoteric switchover ,based upon the pectination of Jiujiang"s neoteric switchover in the aspects of economic counterchange , urbanoid development and thesocial flux.This dissertation thoroughly delves the typologic significance of Jiujiang"s economic noumenon in the course of the modern switchover of Chinese cities.

全文综合运用历史学、城市学、经济学、社会学等有关理论和方法，将九江与其所处的江西腹地和长江流域作为一个整体进行了多方位的考察，深入探讨了九江社会的传统功能与近代角色的转换；论证了九江以内外贸易为纽带，与江西内腹地区以及长江贸易中心城市之间互补互动的双向关系；剖析了九江从中心到边缘的变换历程；最后，以九江城市为基点，从经济转型、城市发展、城市社会变迁等方面对九江近代社会的转型进行梳理，揭示了九江近代转型不完整性这一基本特征，进而探讨了九江在中国城市近代转型中所具有的类型学意义。

From a new perspective of contract law and reviewing the development of securities exchange system, the dissertation explores the whole process of securities exchanging on the basis of the introduction of the basic course of securities exchange in our nation and veining from contracting to performing, then it points out that the legal nature of the securities exchanging course is a special commercial sales contract which sets the securities as the object, so the analysis of this chapter provides a technical platform for the following analysis.

本文的主体部分结构框架安排如下：第一章是对证券交易流程的法律解释，本章站在全新的合同法视角上，通过对证券交易制度变迁的回顾，在介绍我国证券交易基本流程的基础上，以从缔约到履约为脉络，分析了证券交易的全过程，并进而指出证券交易流程的法律本质就是以证券为标的物的特殊商事买卖合同，从而为全文的分析搭建了一个技术平台。

The composition of the dissertation is arranged with five chapters.Chapter One is the legal expounding for the course o...f securities exchange. From a new perspective of contract law and reviewing the development of securities exchange system, the dissertation explores the whole process of securities exchanging on the basis of the introduction of the basic course of securities exchange in our nation and veining from contracting to performing, then it points out that the legal nature of the securities exchanging course is a special commercial sales contract which sets the securities as the object, so the analysis of this chapter provides a technical platform for the following analysis.

本文的主体部分结构框架安排如下：第一章是对证券交易流程的法律解释，本章站在全新的合同法视角上，通过对证券交易制度变迁的回顾，在介绍我国证券交易基本流程的基础上，以从缔约到履约为脉络，分析了证券交易的全过程，并进而指出证券交易流程的法律本质就是以证券为标的物的特殊商事买卖合同，从而为全文的分析搭建了一个技术平台。

This work, concentrated on the asymmetric allylation of aldehydes controlled by different chiral auxiliaries prepared from rotational pure tartaric acid, can be divided into three parts.The first part aims to review the developments of chiral drugs and asymmetric synthesis, from which derived the present research topic backgrounds and works.Synthesis and applications of allylation from aldehydes are the second part of the thesis. By optimizing the reaction conditions, such as solvents, temperature, time and chiral auxiliaries like N,N\'-dibenzyl tartamide, N,N\'-p-dimethylphenyl tartamide, N,N\'-o-dimethylphenyl tartamide, N,N\'-o-dichlorophenyl tartamide, N,N\'-a-dinaphyl tartamide, N,N\'-dicyclohexyl tartamide and N,N\'-diphenyl tartamide, ideal experimenttal conditions are obtained according to HPLC monitoring, as well as the auxiliaries\' recoveries experiments. Starting from benzaldehyde and 3-bromopropaldehyde, N,N\'-dibenzyl tartamide is considered the best auxiliary in this reaction.

本文介绍了醛的不对称烯丙基化反应，以光学纯酒石酸为原料，研究了不同构型手性配体在醛的烯丙基化反应中的立体选择性，全文共分三部分十个章节：第一部分对当前手性药物和手性技术进行了概述，并由此展开了本文的研究背景和任务；第二部分为有机合成部分，对醛的不对称烯丙基化反应进行了深入探讨，以苯甲醛为原料对反应条件进行优化，在优化的反应条件下对制备的七种可回收手性酰胺配体(N-苄基酒石酸二酰胺、N-对甲苯基酒石酸二酰胺、N-邻甲苯基酒石酸二酰胺、N-邻氯苯基酒石酸二酰胺、N-a-萘基酒石酸二酰胺、N-环己基酒石酸二酰胺和N-苯基酒石酸二酰胺)进行筛选，优化配体回收实验条件，最终确定出N-苄基酒石酸二酰胺在苯甲醛的不对称烯丙基化反应中具有较大优越性，结晶回收的手性配体光学纯度保持不变。

This paper is mainly comprised of two components:preparation of models of rats suffering from deficiency of spleen Yang;comparison of the pharmacodynamics impacts of different Lizhong Pills formulations made up by dried ginger or its different components in Lizhong Pills to the different groups of the models.1 Establish the model of deficiency of spleen YANG induced by " cypsum fibrosum and anemarrhenae " with complex factors1.1 ObjectivesWith using heat-clearing and fire-purging drug cypsum fibrosum and anemarrhenae,insteading of the common usage of rhubarb and folium sennae,accompanied with irregular diet and overstrained,the model of deficiency of spleen-YANG is to be established,which is much close to the pathopoiesis theory of " frigidity and chilly damaging yang,irregular diet injuring qi,overstrain impairing the spleen" in TCM.1.2 MethodsModel rats is fully fed every other day,given the molding drug of cypsum fibrosum -anemarrhenae(concentration 4:1) with 3 different frequency,and arranged to swim everyday in 25℃water until exhausted(performing as spitting bubble 3 times continuously or sinking unable to float by itself).

全文共分为脾阳虚模型的制备和干姜及其成分对理中丸药效学影响的比较两大部分。1&石膏-知母&复合法脾阳虚模型的制备1.1目的以清热泻火药石膏-知母代替常用的大黄、番泻叶类苦寒泻下药，并结合饥饱失常、劳倦过度的方法进行造模，以期建立更符合中医&寒凉伤阳、饥饱伤气和劳倦伤脾&致病思路的中医脾阳虚证候模型。1.2方法模型动物隔日足量喂食，每日在25℃水中游泳，直至大鼠连续三次吐泡下沉，或沉入水底，3秒内不能自行浮出水面，并以三种不同给药频率灌胃给予石膏一知母煎液，比较石膏-知母不同给药方法对制备脾阳虚模型的影响。

One of the factor arousing fund risks of social endowment insurance system is falseness of premium-paid base, so necessary steps should be take to assure its authenticity and avoid decrease recessively of the fund.this paper expounds the situation of fund risks of social security pension system by applying a great deal data . Then taking the current system in Zhejiang province as an example, the paper analyzes whether the current system corresponds to by mainly applying the method of game theory . Based on these detailed analysis. Meanwhile by comparing the typical pension system of other countries, the paper puts forward our target system in the future.

文章以大量数据说明当前基本养老保险基金风险的严重情况，指出基本养老保险缴费基数是导致基金风险的重要原因，然后以浙江省基本养老保险制度为例，阐述缴费基数不实的种种表现，并结合博弈论等方法分析这些因素出现的深层次原因，在此基础上，运用精算学理论揭示基本养老保险缴费基数与基金风险之间的关系，分析缴费基数不实的危害性，重点为缴费基数不实导致基金养老保险基金流失的实证分析，最后总结全文，有针对性地提出提高缴费基数真实性的政策建议。

On the other hand, the more important thing is because the urban housing is a kind of heterogeneity products.

另一方面，更重要的是由于城市住房是一种异质性产品。

Climate histogram is the fall that collects place measure calm value, cent serves as cross axle for a few equal interval, the area that the frequency that the value appears according to place is accumulated and becomes will be determined inside each interval, discharge the graph that rise with post, also be called histogram.

气候直方图是将所收集的降水量测定值，分为几个相等的区间作为横轴，并将各区间内所测定值依所出现的次数累积而成的面积，用柱子排起来的图形，也叫做柱状图。