代谢

Expression patterns of genes differentially expressed in starch metabolism and cell cycle during endosperm development7 DAP kernals, 15 DAP endosperms and 25 DAP endosperms of B73, ae/wx and sh1 were used to study the expression patterns of 18 differentially expressed genes in sugar metabolism and 9 differentially expressed genes in cell cycle. We found that the expression patterns of Pul, SBEⅡa, UGPase, SUS3, SSⅡa in sh1 and Sh2-1, SUS3, SSⅡa in ae/wx were altered, revealing that these genes may interact with each other.

碳水化合物代谢基因和细胞周期基因随胚乳发育的变化以B73、ae/wx、sh1授粉后7天种子、15天和25天胚乳为材料，分析18个糖代谢差异基因和9个细胞周期调节相关的差异基因的表达模式，研究发现sh1突变体中Pul、SBEⅡa、UGPase、SUS3和SSⅡa基因表达模式发生改变，ae/wx突变体中Sh2-1、SUS3和SSⅡa基因表达模式发生改变，揭示了突变体对这些基因的巨大影响，反映了它们可能存在相互作用。

Information of the acute toxicity of La(NO3)3 and Ce(NO3)3 was obtained from the abnormal patterns of the metabolite excretions.

血清是通过小波分析、Fisher判别分析建立代谢模型，尿液是通过小波分析、主成份分析建立代谢模型。

High levels of GDH and LDH activities during flight suggested that both aerobic and anaerobic metabolism happened in flight muscle.

飞行中的粘虫具有极高的有氧代谢能力，也具备一定的无氧代谢能力。

It is less important for drugs that are not metabolized by the kidney, but as a general rule we typically inject into the forelimbs unless you know for sure that the drug is not metabolized by the kidney.

对于那些不是通过肾脏代谢的药物这一点比较不重要，但是作为惯例我们通常是在前肢注射，除非你非常确定所使用的药物不是通过肾脏代谢的

Some genera of microorganisms able to utilize HMW-PAHs as the sole carbon and energy source have been isolated. Most of them are mainly single strains which can metabolically degrade four-ring PAHs, and some of them can co-metabolize five-ring PAHs.

近年来，富集分离得到的以高环PAHs为唯一碳源和能源的优势降解菌逐渐增多，其中，主要是代谢降解四环PAHs的单株降解菌，一些降解菌还能以共代谢方式利用五环PAHs。

For long-term treatments, the rat administered daily by gavages for six weeks, the results of OGTT showed that guava fruit water or alcohol extracts could reduce the plasma glucose level in the diabetic Wistar rats, however there was on significant difference in insulin level among all tested groups. The results of carbohydrate metabolism showed diabetic Wistar rats administered with 200 or 400 mg/kg BW of guava fruit water or alcohol extracts could decrease more than 15% glucose-6-phosphatase and fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase activities, and it also increase more than 12% glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activities to reduce inhibitory hexokinase from reducing glucose-6-phosphate level.

在醣类代谢方面，实验结果发现糖尿病鼠灌食番石榴果实水及乙醇萃取物六周后，肝脏醣质新生作用中丙酮酸合成肝醣之关键酵素glucose-6-phosphatase及fructose-1，6-bisphosphatase的酵素活性会降低15%以上；另一方面肝脏glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase酵素活性则明显增加12%以上，并造成glucose-6-phosphate浓度减少，进而降低其对hexokinase的抑制(因为hexokinase受其代谢产物G-6-P的浓抑制)，因此加速肝脏葡萄糖的糖解作用。

Golden-crowned kinglets tolerated colder temperatures in helox than ruby-crowned kinglets, and this difference was not a function of mass or thermal conductance, as these did not vary significantly between species. Msum in golden-crowned kinglets (2.51 ml±0.32 ml O2min-1, n=11) was significantly greater than that in both male (2.27 ml±0.25 ml O2min-1, n=13) and female (2.05 ml±0.18 ml O2min-1, n=13) ruby-crowned kinglets, suggesting that metabolic differences may account for differences in cold tolerance.

结果显示：金冠戴菊对低温的耐受能力高于红玉冠戴菊，由于金冠戴菊和红玉冠戴菊的体重和热传导差异不显著，表明对低温的耐受能力的差异不是体重和热传导引起的；而金冠戴菊的最大代谢产热(2.51 ml±0.32 ml O2min-1， n=11)明显高于雄性(2.27 ml±0.25 ml O2min-1， n=13)和雌性(2.05 ml±0.18 ml O2min-1， n=13)的红玉冠戴菊，表明最大代谢的差异可能导致对寒冷的耐受能力不同。

I measured cold tolerance and summit metabolic rate (Maximal cold-induced metabolism=Msum) during cold exposure in a 79﹪ helium:21﹪ oxygen atmosphere in fall migrant ruby-crowned and golden-crowned kinglets in southeastern South Dakota, USA.

在美国南达科他秋季鸟类迁徙季节，作者采用冷暴露氦氧混合气体(79﹪氦和21﹪氧)，对红玉冠戴菊和金冠戴菊的寒冷耐受能力和最大代谢率(最大冷诱导代谢，Msux)进行了测定。

Plants respond to insect herbivory with a myriad of inducible responses, broadly categorized as direct defenses and indirect defenses.

直接防御通过增加有毒的次生代谢产物或防御蛋白对昆虫生理代谢产生不利的影响，但对植物的消耗较大。

The quality of purified 2-KGA from its fermentation products was up to industrial standard. In addition, several hexoses, such as D-glucose and D-sorbitol can be utilized to synthesize 2-KGA by this newly-mixed culture. The growth and anabolism of the B529-V6 were studied in 4M〓 and 300M〓 fermentor respectively. The results showed that its growth and anabolism were affected by carbon sources, ratio of D-glucose and L-sorbose, nitrogen sources, growth factors, inoculum quality and culture condition including the initial pH value, temperature and ventilation.

新菌系B529-V6表现出了较强的高浓度L-山梨糖耐受能力、较高的底物代谢速率和较高的2-KGA转化能力，在8％山梨糖浓度的发酵培养基中培养48h，糖酸转化率较对照菌系提高了5.94％；山梨糖浓度提高至10％，其生长代谢受影响程度较小，且能不同程度地利用葡萄糖和山梨醇为底物，合成维生素C前体-2-酮基-L-古龙酸（2-KGA），其发酵产物2-KGA经反相高效液相色谱分析其质量符合工业化生产要求。

I didn't watch TV last night, because it .

昨晚我没有看电视，因为电视机坏了。

Since this year, in a lot of villages of Beijing, TV of elevator liquid crystal was removed.

今年以来，在北京的很多小区里，电梯液晶电视被撤了下来。