代用

The examples indicate that the algorithm has strong pertinence and high efficiency, hi the discrete variable optimization, the problem is solved in the relative quotient method On the base of analyzing the relative quotient method, the conjugate gradient direction is used to modify the old search directions, the iterative matrix of the algorithm, and the method to resolve the discrete variable optimization, the relative conjugate difference quotient algorithm is presented.

离散变量优化算法是从相对差商法开始的，在详细分析相对差上法的基础上，用共轭梯度方向修正原有的搜索方向，并对算法的迭代矩阵进行相关的修改，最终形成一种用于求解离散变量优化问题的RCDQ法。

Meanwhile the biconjugate gradient method instead of the conjugate gradient method is used to accelerate the iteration process.

同时用双共轭梯度法代替共轭梯度法来加速迭代过程。

We use the method of golden section and Newton iteration to solve the nonlinear constrained minimization problem.

最后用黄金分割和牛顿迭代方法解决非线性约束优化极值问题，得到满足几乎完全重构和小波正则性条件的低通原型滤波器。

In view of the tedious and mistakable manual calculation in measuring Gauss projection,coordinate zone transformation and meridian convergence,an itera-tive approximation method is adopted and programmed by BASIC to imple-ment the direct and converse calculation of Gauss projection and computer cal-culation of meridian convergence angle.

针对测量工作中人工进行高斯投影、坐标换带和平面子午线收敛角计算非常麻烦又容易出错的问题，采用迭代法趋近求值，用BASIC语言编制了相应的计算机程序，实现了上述计算。

Leading resistant factor into the necessary condition can also enlarge the quadratic convergence region near optimal solution so that it is very efficient to use the known flash calculations at one condition to iteratively compute another optimal solution at other conditions where pressure, temperature and mole fractions of components are close to known ones respectively.

在极值必要条件式中引入阻尼因子能扩大真解附近的平方收敛域，尤其在利用已知条件下的汽液平衡结果作初值直接用极值条件方程迭代计算压力、温度和组成变化不严重的相邻点的汽液平衡极值解方面效果十分显著，适合于加快组分模型的计算速度。

In this Chapter, we establish convergence theorem by using the recurrence relations.

在这一章中，我们是用递归法给出了迭代法的收敛理论。

Through esterification of functionality —COOM on side chains of xanthan gum by 1-bromooctane,water soluble hydrophobically modified xanthan gums of octyl substitution 11 and 21 per 100 structural units,HMXG-C8-11 and-21,are prepared.

用1-溴代辛烷使黄原胶XG侧链上的—COOM基团酯化，得到以100结构单元计取代度为11和21的水溶性疏水改性黄原胶HMXG-C8-11和-21。

Based on the flaw of the probability reliability model in the case of small amount of information,non-probability and mixed probability/non-probability reliability models are presented. When the uncertainty of the basic random variable is described by convex, analytical and numerical methods are constructed to calculate the convex of response variable. The infinite norm index, which is the minimal infinite norm distance from original coordinate point to the surface of the limit state in the standard interval space, is presented to measure the safety of the structure.

针对概率可靠性模型在小子样信息下的缺陷，建立了非概率可靠性模型及概率—非概率混合可靠性模型；给出了用集合来描述变量不确定性时，极限状态变量变化集合的解析解和数值迭代解法；提出了物理概念明确且十分易于工程应用的度量结构、机构安全程度的无穷范数指标，它是标准区间空间中坐标原点到极限状态表面的最小无穷范数距离。

Soil respiration response to different stages of vegetation restoration was determined via closed system measurements of carbon dioxide and selected factors affecting the correctitude and sensitivity of soil respiration. Eight different soil samples under different vegetation restoration stages were separately collected at 0~20 cm and 20~40 cm soil depth in spring and summer and both fresh and air-dried samples analyzed.

为探讨黄土丘陵区草地植被自然恢复过程中土壤微生物活性的变化特征及其影响因素，采用"时空互代"法采集宁夏云雾山自然保护区8个不同植被恢复年限的春、夏两季0~20cm和20~40cm的土样，用室内密闭静态培养－碱液吸收法测定了新鲜和风干土样的基础呼吸。

Persistence of grazing mixed pasture has been a key issue in environment conservation and sustainable utilizing of resources in karst region. Under moderate grazing with Corriedale sheep, the productivity and botanical composition of Trifolium pratense mixtures were studied over a 20-year period in karst region of southwest China. Four mixtures consisted of Trifolium pr...

用考力代绵羊轮牧，在牧前和牧后草地现存量(干物质，DM，drymatter)分别为1800~2500(草层高15~18cm)和900~1200kg·hm-2(草层高3~5cm)的适度放牧利用条件下，对亚热带最常见的豆科牧草红三叶与禾本科牧草的两两混播草地的群落生产力和持久性开展长期研究。20年的结果表明：适度放牧利用下，群落地上总生物量长期稳定，各组合间差异不显著，总盖度20a后仍高达97%以上；适度放牧有利于牧草的生产力持久性，红三叶、鸭茅、多年生黑麦草和黑穗画眉草都在群落中长期存在；群落净产量和持久性是尺度依赖的，群落长期净生产力以红三叶+鸭茅的最高(DM产量353.3g·m-2·a-1)(P.05)，对杂草侵入的抵抗力最强，而前10a红三叶+多年生黑麦草有很高的净生产力DM产量449.8g·m-2·a。。。

It has been put forward that there exists single Ball point and double Ball points on the symmetrical connecting-rod curves of equilateral mechanisms.

从鲍尔点的形成原理出发，分析对称连杆曲线上鲍尔点的产生条件，提出等边机构的对称连杆曲线上有单鲍尔点和双鲍尔点。

The factory affiliated to the Group primarily manufactures multiple-purpose pincers, baking kits, knives, scissors, kitchenware, gardening tools and beauty care kits as well as other hardware tools, the annual production value of which reaches US$ 30 million dollars.

集团所属工厂主要生产多用钳、烤具、刀具、剪刀、厨具、花园工具、美容套等五金产品，年生产总值3000万美元，产品价廉物美、选料上乘、质量保证，深受国内外客户的青睐