代数系统

In order to reasonably depict four basic problems with friction, one Coulomb friction new form in first Kirchhoff stress is proposed to deal with finite deformation problems, other Coulomb friction form in incremental mode to elastoplastic flow theory; Hilbert function spaces concerning elastoplastical problems with friction are established, so it makes all operations and calculations in the treatise standardized within the scope of reasonably topologic structure; In view of functional extremum, the equivalence between generalized variational inequalities principles in elastoplasticity with friction and corresponding basic problems are testified by inducing Lagrangian multipliers, so it provides a rationally theoretical basis for numerical methods in elastoplasticity with friction; From the viewpoint of variational inequality, the theory of generalized variational inequalities in elasticity and elastoplasticity with frictional constraint is studied, and the uniqueness and existence of the solution of FEM is proofed under the proposed conditions of stress compatibility, and them FEM approximation and a discrete solution are discussed; Based on the principles of generalized variational inequalities in elastoplasticity with friction, direct generalized variational inequalities methods is pretended, which is a natural generalization and development of direct variational methods; Using generalized variational inequalities methods, some examples in metal forming including plane deformation, upset and extrusion are analyzed and the results prove that all the theories and methods in the paper are right, feasible, accurate and advanced.

主要内容有：为了合理地描述金属塑性成形中摩擦约束弹性、弹塑性基本问题，提出和研究了有限变形下以Kirchhoff第一应力表示的Coulomb摩擦定律形式和弹塑性流动理论下以增量形式表示的Coulomb摩擦定律表示形式；系统建立了摩擦约束弹塑性问题的Hilbert函数空间，使本文规范在一个具有合理的代数拓扑结构内进行一切操作和运算；利用Lagrange乘子，从泛函极值的角度系统地阐述和论证了一系列摩擦约束弹性、弹塑性广义变分不等原理与相应的实际问题之间的等价性，它为处理摩擦约束的弹塑性力学数值方法提供了合理的理论基础；从变分不等式的角度出发，阐述了对应于摩擦约束弹性、弹塑性问题的广义变分不等式理论，首次提出了在应力相容性条件下，它的有限元解具有存在唯一性，进而讨论了其有限元近似及离散解法；基于摩擦约束弹塑性广义变分不等式原理，首次提出了直接广义变分不等式方法，这一方法是直接变分法的合理推广和发展；利用直接广义变分不等式方法对金属压力加工中的平面变形问题、镦粗、挤压等塑性成形问题进行了分析计算，验证了该理论和数值算法的正确性、实用性、精确性和优越性。

This paper discusses the kernel of the system -- geometric model and includes the following:(1) The topological elements and the relation between them in geometric modeling system are explained and expressed by the theory of simplicial complex and CW-complex. In addition, the identification operators and homology theory in algebraic topology are used in our model. A hierarchical structure is built on the base of complex.

本文主要讨论这个系统的核心问题——几何建模问题，包括以下几个方面内容：(1)用单纯复形和CW复形的理论来解释和表达造型系统中的拓扑元素和拓扑元素之间的相关关系，并将代数拓扑中的粘合操作和同调论应用到模型中，建立以复形为基础的层次结构。

The Laplace Transform; The Region of Convergence for Laplace Transforms; The Inverse Laplace Transform; Geometric Evaluation of the Fourier Transform from the Pole-Zero Plot; Properties of the Laplace Transform; Analysis and Characterization of LTI Systems Using the Laplace Transform; System Function

教学内容：拉普拉斯变换；拉普拉斯变换收敛域；拉普拉斯反变换；由零极点图对傅立叶变换进行几何求值；拉普拉斯变换性质；常用拉普拉斯变换对；用拉普拉斯变换分析和表征线性时不变系统；系统函数的代数属性与方框图表示；单边拉普拉斯变换。

Methodology of implementing the technique of PDM and Method of applying and developing PDM system in furniture enterprises are studied. Moreover, making an example as typical board structure products, the research analyses E-R diagram of furniture PDM and optimizes its data models. Furthermore, it dedicates to study logic organization mode of furniture product data management with the center of product structure, and provides theoretical basis of relational algebra for the design and development of the database of furniture PDM system.

探讨了PDM技术在家具企业中应用实施以及系统开发的方法学；并且，采用E-R图分析和优化了家具PDM的数据模型，以办公家具中的典型板式结构产品为实例，针对性地探讨了以产品结构为中心的家具产品数据管理的逻辑组织模式，为家具PDM系统数据库的设计开发提供了关系代数理论依据。

In the light of logical formula, an automatic circuit will be devised to control the energy in the refrigeration system.

用布尔代数可以完整地表达制冷机组提供冷量与其负载对冷量需求的阶梯性的内在的逻辑关系，这种关系可以用具有同样逻辑功能的电路来实现，将这个电路应用到制冷系统中就成了制冷系统能量梯级控制电路。

In the research to demand of International reserves,first, according to the affective character of demand to transition of International reserves, choosing the decision theory of Markov and dynamic transition equation as basic model, the paper has set up two transition methods--- stationary matrix and dynamic matrix, the later matrix has improved the sensitive reaction to time and velocity. Second, combining with knowledge of linear algebra, the paper has analyzed and testified the positive associated relation between transition matrix elements on main diagonal and the convergent speed of system, and explained why international reserves transition embodies the character under new situation and why the transition process can be accelerated by the strike of international idle money. Third,on the quantitative calculating to elements of transition matrix,referring to multiplication theory and decomposing-composing method of system, the paper has transformed main three-factor deciding confidence of international monetary into detail modulus by comparing analysis measure,now the matrix has been decided.

在国际储备的需求分析研究中，本文首先选择马尔可夫转移方程作为基础模型，根据需求对外汇储备结构的影响特点，提出非定常转移矩阵变换方法，拓展了马尔可夫变换对时间和速度的敏感性；结合线性代数知识，分析证明了定常转移矩阵的主对角线元素值的大小与系统的收敛速度的正向关联关系，并利用结论解释了国际货币新动向下外汇储备转换表现出的趋势特点以及国际游资冲击对国际货币结构变化的加速影响；在转移矩阵元素的量化计算上，本文参考乘数理论和系统分解合成原理，采用对比分析方法把影响国际货币信心的三大要素综合量化为转移偏好系数，然后根据转移偏好系数确定转移矩阵的元素值，其中还分别具体给出了定常转移矩阵和非定常转移矩阵的计算方法及在变换中的使用方法，从而不仅在定量分析上应证了定性分析结论，而且反映了随时间变化的美圆、欧元、日圆的比例结构均衡过程。

Additionally, the modal logic system K1 was formed, which can be proved to be a complete system under MR0 semantics.

其次，构建了模态系统K1，证明了在MR0代数语义下该系统是完备的。

At the same time, the center conditions and bifurcation of limit cycles at the origin of the quintic polynomial system are also investigated.

第二章研究了一类三次多项式系统由细焦点分支出极限环的问题，证明了该系统有12个小振幅极限环，证明过程是符号和代数的，且焦点量的表达式相对简单。

To solve the problem of robust stability test of the systems, we develop a 2-D algebraic test for stability of time-delay systems with an edge test set based on Kharitonov vertex polynomials.

为解决这一类系统的鲁棒稳定性问题，我们提出时滞系统棱边鲁棒稳定性的2-D代数检验，该检验基于由Kharitonov端点集合构造的棱边集合。

In the first part, considering a linear dynamic system, system's differential algebraic equations are converted into algebraic equations using Simpson's integration rule, which can be solved easily by the steady-state data reconciliation theories for this dynamic data reconciliation problem.

在第一部分，考虑线性动态系统情况下，以辛普森积分法将系统动态方程式转换成代数方程式，接下来可利用稳态数据调和理论解决此动态数据调和的问题。

However, as the name（read－only memory）implies, CD disks cannot be written onorchanged in any way.

然而，正如其名字所指出的那样，CD盘不能写，也不能用任何方式改变其内容。

Galvanizes steel pallet is mainly export which suits standard packing of European Union, the North America. galvanizes steel pallet is suitable to heavy rack. Pallet surface can design plate type, corrugated and the gap form, satisfies the different requirements.

镀锌钢托盘多用于出口，替代木托盘，免薰蒸，符合欧盟、北美各国对出口货物包装材料的法令要求；喷涂钢托盘适用于重载上货架之用，托盘表面根据需要制作成平板状、波纹状及间隔形式，满足不同的使用要求。