代数化

This book reviews the many areas of numerical analysis, including the configuration polynomial, finite difference, factorial polynomials, summation, Newton formula, operator and configuration polynomial, Cheung section, close polynomials, TaylM more item type, interpolation, numerical differentiation, numerical integration, and with the series, differential equations, differential equations, least squares polynomial approximation, minimax polynomial approximation, rational function approximation, triangular approximation, non-linear algebra, linear equations, linear programming, boundary value problems, MonteCarIo methods and so on.

本书综述了数值分析领域的诸多内容，包括配置多项式、有限差分、阶乘多项式、求和法、Newton公式、算子与配置多项式、祥条、密切多项式、TaylM多项式、插值、数值微分、数值积分、和与级数、差分方程、微分方程、最小二乘多项式逼近、极小化极大多项式逼近、有理函数逼近、三角逼近、非线性代数、线性方程组、线性规划、边值问题、MonteCarIo方法等内容。本书的特色主要表现在利用例题及大量详细的题解来透彻地阐明所述内容的内涵，同时附有大量的补充题以便读者进一步巩固和深化从书中获得的数值分析知识。

Therefore,the study of the the algebraic properties of automata with truth-values in lattice-ordered monoid and the study of the minimization algorithm form two crucial subjects in fuzzy automata theory.

因此，对取值于格半群的自动机代数性质的研究和极小化问题的研究是格值自动机理论的两个重要课题。

The material job and main conclusion are as follows:(1)A simple boundary orthogonalization procedure independence grids generation method is put forward on the base of algebraic grid generation method; Data structure and computational model on interface are established aiming at blocks of structured grids.(2) SIMPLE procedure is established in nonorthogonal grids by use of the finite volume method and in-depth discusses on special topic such as boundary condition in nonorthogonal grids, deferred correction method and grads compute on calculational nodes, and so on.

本文完成的具体工作和主要结论如下： 1以代数网格生成方法为基础提出了一种简单的、可独立于网格生成方法之外的边界正交化技术；针对分区结构网格系统建立了分区交界面处的数据结构与计算模型； 2利用有限体积方法在非正交同位网格系统中建立了SIMPLE求解算法，对非正交网格系统中的边界条件、延迟修正技术及计算节点的梯度计算等专题进行了深入讨论。

In this paper, a new kind of two-dimensional Cellular Automata is studied. Several algorithmic rules are discovered that can be used to design new Cellular Neural Networks which can implement shadow detector and overstriking for character recognition. Their Boolean expressions and learning algorithms are introduced detailedly.

摘要该文深入研究了一种新的二维细胞自动机，找到了几种新的算法规则可以用来实现字符的粗化处理和阴影检测，并且用这些规则设计了几种新的细胞神经网络，文中详细介绍了这些算法规则的布尔代数表达式和细胞神经网络学习算法。

We define two kinds of reducible Dirac structures, discuss the problem on the reduction of protobialgebroids.

我们定义了两类可约的Dirac结构，讨论了proto双代数胚的约化问题。

There are three main methods in face localization: localization according to face outline, localization according to complexion and localization according to templates constructed by some standard sample images. As to feature extraction, it can be divided into two parts because face features can be divided into geometrical features and algebraic features. While extracting geometrical features, the features of eyes, nose, mouth, eyebrows can be gained by some image processes: binary, sharpen, smooth, projection, calculating gradient and so on. In order to extract algebraic features, we can do some mathematical transformation for the digital images such as singular value decomposition, K-L transformation.

在人脸检测部分，目前存在的方法有利用人脸的几何轮廓进行检测、利用人脸的肤色信息进行检测、构造标准人脸模板进行匹配检测等等；在人脸特征提取部分，可以用一些图像处理的方法如投影、二值化、求梯度图像等提取人脸中各特征器官如眼睛、鼻子、嘴巴等的几何特征，另外也可以借助于数学变换，求取人脸图像的一些代数特征，如对图像进行奇异值分解，以奇异值代表图象的特征，或对图像进行K-L变换，以图像在构造的特征空间上的投影系数作为图像的特征等；在识别部分，可以通过距离度量或相似度来判断输入图像与样本图像的匹配程度，还可以通过神经网络方法进行人脸的识别。

This paper, based on the secong approach, presents a new efficient algorithm to design symmetric bi-orthogonal M-band wavelets with arbitrary regularity by using Grobner basis and syzygy module algorithm in computing algebra, which bi-orthogonalizes the polyphase matrix line by line.

本文基于第二种思路结合计算代数中Groebner基和合冲模的思想和算法提出了一种同时具有任意正则阶和线性相位性质的M带双正交小波的新型高效构造算法，其中采用多相位矩阵逐行双正交化的方法。

We present a method to design symmetric orthogonal M-band wavelets with arbitrary regularity by using Grobner basis and syzygy module algorithm in computing algebra to orthogonalize the polyphase matrix.

通过引入计算代数中Grobner基以及合冲模的相关算法，提出对多相位矩阵进行正交化，从而得到了同时具有对称性和任意正则阶的M-带正交小波的高效设计方法。

The orthogonality near boundaries was realized by introducing the first-order derivatives of the boundary curves into the transfinite interpolation function.

为提高三维流动传热控制方程组离散化所得的非线性代数方程组的求解效率，引入了SIP方法和共轭梯度方法。

The polynomial function bases are used to form the approximately matching function. Moreover, the discrete values of grey image is transformed to polinomial function that are exact fit at the considered pixel locations. As a result, The mathematical operations performed such as derivation, integration, and gradient evaluation also give out the polynomial functions, therefore, the system of undetermined coefficient equations is derived to be a system of linear algebraic equations.

我们把立体匹配过程看作泛函的极小化过程，因此选用变分问题近似解法的Ritz法构造数值算法，以多项式函数为基构作匹配函数的近似解，进而又利用多项式过样值点的拟合将离散的灰度图象变换为多项式函数，因此计算中所需的求导，积分，及梯度运算的结果仍然是多项式函数，最终将待定系数方程组化为线性代数方程组。

However, as the name（read－only memory）implies, CD disks cannot be written onorchanged in any way.

然而，正如其名字所指出的那样，CD盘不能写，也不能用任何方式改变其内容。

Galvanizes steel pallet is mainly export which suits standard packing of European Union, the North America. galvanizes steel pallet is suitable to heavy rack. Pallet surface can design plate type, corrugated and the gap form, satisfies the different requirements.

镀锌钢托盘多用于出口，替代木托盘，免薰蒸，符合欧盟、北美各国对出口货物包装材料的法令要求；喷涂钢托盘适用于重载上货架之用，托盘表面根据需要制作成平板状、波纹状及间隔形式，满足不同的使用要求。