代数

Building on Turing's contribution, Shannon had demonstrated how Boolean algebra and logic could be used in the analysis and synthesis of switching and computer circuits.

在图灵理论的基础之上，香农演示了布尔代数与逻辑如何用于开关与计算机电路的分析与综合。

It is proved that a semiring is complemented if and only if it is a direct product of some Boolean algebra and Boolean ring by studying the relations of congruences on the complemented semiring, so the complemented semiring is the commutative semiring.

s-内射模。通过研究可补半环S的性质及S上的同余关系，证明出可补半环与布尔环和布尔代数的直积是等价的，因而可补半环是交换半环。

In the fourth chapter, firstly it introduces the Boolean functions algebraic expressions of the 2-value clock-controlled stop-and-go generator and Gunther generator. It reveals the balanced property of the two kinds of Boolean functions, and studies the Walsh cycle spectrum and the autocorrelation function. It also obtains the coincidence rate of their output sequences with affine sum of some bits of input sequences, and analyzes their ability of resisting the best affine approximation cryptanalysis and differential cryptanalysis. Secondly, we properly present a new definition of the Best Affine Approximation, namely BAA on the Boolean vector functions, followed by the spectral characteristic of such defined BAA attacks through using the decomposition formula of the union distribution for random variables. A lower bound of such BAA attacks is proposed. Finally, we also study the spectral characteristic of the second kind of nonlinearity of Boolean vector functions, followed by a higher bound of such nonlinearity. Furthermore, the limited relationship between the second kind of nonlinearity of Boolean vector functions and the linear structure of the linear combination of every component is analyzed.

在第四章中，首先给出了2值密钥流"停走生成器"和"衮特生成器"中实际存在的布尔函数的代数表示，揭示了这两类布尔函数的平衡性，随后研究了它们的Walsh循环谱和自相关函数等，得到了它们的输出序列与输入序列中的某些bit的仿射项的符合率，分析了它们抵抗最佳仿射逼近攻击和差分攻击的能力；其次，我们合理地给出了布尔向量函数最佳仿射逼近的新定义，利用布尔随机变量联合分布的分解式考察了相应的谱特征，并给出了布尔向量函数与其最佳仿射逼近的符合率的一个下界；最后，我们还考察了布尔向量函数第二类非线性度的谱特征，给出了布尔向量函数第二类非线性度的一个上界，并揭示了布尔向量函数第二类非线性度与其各个分量的线性和的线性结构之间存在的制约关系。

Using the theories of probability, algebra and spectral theory comprehensively, we investigate some related characteristics of logic functions in cryptography: Firstly, we introduce m order generalized s - correlation immunity of Boolean vector functions and prove that the higher order generalized ε- correlation immunity can guarantee the lower order generalized ε- correlation immunity. Then by applying decomposition formula of joint distribution of Boolean random vectors, we give a spectrum criterion of m order generalized e - correlation immunity of Boolean vector functions. Furthermore, we show that the algebraic degree of m order generalized e - correlation immune Boolean vector functions is not restricted by the correlation immune orders.

本文主要运用概率论的思想和方法，并结合代数学和频谱理论的相关知识，对密码学中逻辑函数的有关性质进行了研究，主要包括以下三个方面的内容：首先，对布尔向量函数的相关免疫性进行了拓展，给出了k维布尔向量函数m阶广义ε-相关免疫的概念，证明了布尔向量函数的高阶广义ε-相关免疫性蕴含低阶广义ε-相关免疫性，并根据布尔随机向量联合分布分解式得到了布尔向量函数m阶广义ε-相关免疫的一个谱判别条件，还说明了m阶广义ε-相关免疫布尔向量函数的代数次数不受相关免疫阶数的制约。

When A is a non-trivial,cohomologically finite dimensional regular DG al-gebra,His not bounded above.

当A是非平凡的，同调局部有限维的正则DG代数时，A的同调没有上界。

Let A" denote the commutant of a bounded linear operator S on H and R denote the collection of all operators in A" which are compact and upper triangular operators with diagonal sequence being zeros. In this paper, we show that if A"= CI + R, the K_0-group of A" is isomorphic to the integer group.

本文指出若H上的有界线性算子S的换位代数A′=CI+R，其中C是复数域，I是H上的单位算子，R是所有与S可交换的对角线为0的紧上三角有界线性算子的集合，则K_0A′

Without using Lie derivative and Lie bracket operation of differential geometry , we only use the algebra method to give a sufficient condition of single input exact feedback linearizable bilinear systems.

摘 要 研究了单输入的双线性系统的精确线性化及其鲁棒控制器设计问题，避免了用微分几何的李导数、李括号的复杂运算，只用纯代数的方法给出了一般单输入双线性系统精确线性化的充分条件。

In section 1.1. we define the mapping a on circle in double quiver Q of a quiver Q, and give a strict defition of bracket operation in Lie algebra,then prove it is a Lie bracket.

循环上的映射σ，用它给出了项链李代数括号运算的一个严格定义，并用此定义证明了这是一个李运算。

We describe the algebraic characteristic of the public-key cryptosystems based on algebraic structures such as elliptic curves,bilinear pairings,as well as braid group s,with the emphasis on the difficulties of constructing public-key cryptosystems based on non-commutative algebraic structures.

通过分析基于椭圆曲线、双线性对以及基于辫子群的公钥密码体制的代数学特征，着重讨论了构建基于非交换代数的公钥密码体制所面临的困难。

This simple result is at the root of the arithmetic and algebra of Brownian motion and particle diffusion.

这个简单的结果是粒子扩散和布朗运动的算术和代数基础。

They go to town. Would you just ask them?

他们在城里你能问他们吗？

Ossein pretreated for a2 weeks period exhibited the maximum% yield incase of bone gelatin, while the yield from intact skin was higher than that realized incase of de-scaled skin.

预处理时间达2星期的骨胶原表现出最高的骨明胶百分产量，然而从未处理鱼皮中得到的产率比去鳞的鱼皮得到的要高。