代位

The structural and photocatalytic properties of TiO〓 as well as surface acidity were greatly improved by sulfation. SO〓〓/TiO〓 solid superacid with Hammett constant Ho less than -12.14 was prepared by treating the TiO〓 with 1.0mol. L〓 sulfuric acid solution and then calcining at 450℃ for 3h. When compared to unmodified TiO〓, the SO〓〓/TiO〓 superacid catalyst exhibited higher anatase content, smaller crystal size, higher specific surface area, centralized pore size distribution, and the blue-shifted band edge of uv-vis adsorption spectra. Furthermore, the SO〓〓/TiO〓 superacid also showed excellent reaction activity and stability for CH〓Br photocatalytic decomposition even under the moist reaction conditions. The apparent quantum efficiency of SO〓〓/TiO〓 was 10 times of that of TiO〓 catalyst for the photocatalytic degradation of bromomethane. Therefore, the SO〓〓/TiO〓 superacid catalyst is promising for practical application in environmental remediation.It was found that both L and B acid sites exist on SO〓〓/TiO〓 photocatalyst while only L acid sites on TiO〓 photocatalyst. On the basis of experimental results, the synergistic model of superacidic centers was proposed for SO〓〓/TiO〓 photocatalyst to explain the photocatalytic behavior and the mechanism of superacidifing effects, assuming that the adjacent L and B acid sites induced by SO〓〓 comprise cooperatively the superacidic center on superacid photocatalyst. The group cooperation of the superacidic center could strengthen the surface acidity, increase surface acid sites and the adsorbtion of O〓, promote separation of photogenerated electron-hole pair, enhance the interfacial transfer of charges and reversibility of water adsorption. Consequently the excellent photocatalytic activity, reaction stability and resistibility to humidity of SO〓〓/TiO〓 superacid photocatalyst may attributed to the group cooperated effect of the superacidic center on the photocatalyst.

研究结果表明：SO〓〓与TiO〓表面的结合为螯合式双配位结构；TiO〓光催化剂表面经H〓SO〓浸渍处理后，提高了表面酸性，改善了催化剂结构和光催化性能，当H〓SO〓浸渍浓度为1.0mol.L〓、烧结温度为450℃时，可制得SO〓〓/TiO〓超强酸催化剂(H〓＜-12.14)，其结构和光催化活性得到明显改善，与TiO〓相比，SO〓〓/TiO〓光催化剂的锐钛矿含量高、晶粒小、BET比表面积大、孔径分布集中、光谱吸收边蓝移，具有优异的光催化氧化活性、稳定性及抗湿性能，光催化降解溴代甲烷的表观量子效率比TiO〓催化剂提高了一个数量级，是一种有实际应用前景的高效光催化剂；由此提出了SO〓〓/TiO〓超强酸催化剂表面集团协同作用的超强酸中心模型，认为在SO〓〓/TiO〓超强酸催化剂表面，由SO〓〓诱导的相邻L酸中心和B酸中心组成了集团协同作用的超强酸中心，其集团协同作用显著地增强了催化剂表面酸性、增大了表面酸量及O〓吸附量、促进了光生电子和空穴的分离及界面电荷转移，具有可逆吸附水的性能，是SO〓〓/TiO〓超强酸催化剂具有优异的光催化氧化活性、很好的活性稳定性及抗湿性能的重要原因。

The apparent quantum efficiency of SO〓〓/TiO〓 was 10 times of that of TiO〓 catalyst for the photocatalytic degradation of bromomethane. Therefore, the SO〓〓/TiO〓 superacid catalyst is promising for practical application in environmental remediation.It was found that both L and B acid sites exist on SO〓〓/TiO〓 photocatalyst while only L acid sites on TiO〓 photocatalyst. On the basis of experimental results, the synergistic model of superacidic centers was proposed for SO〓〓/TiO〓 photocatalyst to explain the photocatalytic behavior and the mechanism of superacidifing effects, assuming that the adjacent L and B acid sites induced by SO〓〓 comprise cooperatively the superacidic center on superacid photocatalyst. The group cooperation of the superacidic center could strengthen the surface acidity, increase surface acid sites and the adsorbtion of O〓, promote separation of photogenerated electron-hole pair, enhance the interfacial transfer of charges and reversibility of water adsorption. Consequently the excellent photocatalytic activity, reaction stability and resistibility to humidity of SO〓〓/TiO〓 superacid photocatalyst may attributed to the group cooperated effect of the superacidic center on the photocatalyst.

研究结果表明：SO〓〓与TiO〓表面的结合为螯合式双配位结构；TiO〓光催化剂表面经H〓SO〓浸渍处理后，提高了表面酸性，改善了催化剂结构和光催化性能，当H〓SO〓浸渍浓度为1.0mol.L〓、烧结温度为450℃时，可制得SO〓〓/TiO〓超强酸催化剂(H〓＜-12.14)，其结构和光催化活性得到明显改善，与TiO〓相比，SO〓〓/TiO〓光催化剂的锐钛矿含量高、晶粒小、BET比表面积大、孔径分布集中、光谱吸收边蓝移，具有优异的光催化氧化活性、稳定性及抗湿性能，光催化降解溴代甲烷的表观量子效率比TiO〓催化剂提高了一个数量级，是一种有实际应用前景的高效光催化剂；由此提出了SO〓〓/TiO〓超强酸催化剂表面集团协同作用的超强酸中心模型，认为在SO〓〓/TiO〓超强酸催化剂表面，由SO〓〓诱导的相邻L酸中心和B酸中心组成了集团协同作用的超强酸中心，其集团协同作用显著地增强了催化剂表面酸性、增大了表面酸量及O〓吸附量、促进了光生电子和空穴的分离及界面电荷转移，具有可逆吸附水的性能，是SO〓〓/TiO〓超强酸催化剂具有优异的光催化氧化活性、很好的活性稳定性及抗湿性能的重要原因。

A method to measure the content of nickel in the nickel iso - caprylate by complexometric titration using ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid was set up.

以乙二胺四乙酸或柠檬酸作配位剂，在无氰的硫代硫酸盐–亚硫酸盐体系中研究了金在镀镍铜基底上的电沉积。

Sharon Crain is one of the most outstanding individuals among the second generation of Friends of China in the United States after Edgar and Helen Snow.

继埃德加和海伦·斯诺之后，雪莲是第二代美国对华友好人士中最杰出的一位。

An unusual intramolecular nucleophilic reaction of α carbon anion of crotonate was discovered and the imidazo[1,5 a ]pyridine derivatives were sythesized with a novel tandem reaction.

发现 5 咪唑甲醛(1)与γ溴代巴豆酸酯(2 )在弱碱条件下首先进行亲核取代反应生成 3，继而生成γ碳负离子并转移到α位，然后进行分子内亲核进攻成环、脱水生成 4的串联反应。

Now Delphine Minoui, a French reporter for Le Figaro, has ghostwritten Nujood's autobiography.

法国费加罗报的一位记者目前还为Nujood代写了自传。

For a long time,there are contradictions on"Invested,construction,supervision, application"in non-profit invested projects by the govemment that leading to the"three over"(over-investment,over-size,over-standard) are widespread.Thus,the emergence of the right to rent-seeking,completion period and quality out of control that were widely criticized,the detrusion of construction-agent system resolved the issue in a certain extent.

长期以来，非赢利性政府投资项目存在&投资、建设、监管、使用&多位一体矛盾，导致&三超&(超投资、超规模、超标准)现象普遍存在，并且出现了权利寻租、工期、质量无保障等问题而广为诟病，代建制的推出一定程度上解决了这一问题。

Yet, once a worship of Confucian doctrine of Song and Ming dynasties and later a modern intellectual of liberalism, Mr. Cai was shown in his ideas to be deeply influenced by the tradition of "ideology first" on the one hand, and on the other hand, to be a unique modern enlightener, he reevaluated the traditional values according to the needs for survival in new conditions. So what he tried to do goes far beyond the explanatory power of the traditional ideology and the modernity, and rather, is an attempt to reconstruct them.

当然，我们亦发现作为一位曾经拜倒在宋明儒脚下而站起来的近代自山主义知识分于，他的美育观体现出他一方面深受&思想优先&这一传统意识的影响，另一方面扮演了独特的现代启蒙者角色：他依照观代生存需要来重新估定了传统价值，这显然不只是传统的思想道德范畴能够予以诠释的，而是一条探求如何实现传统重整的现代性理路。

Besides,Qaidam granitoid in the ZWL belt western also be discussed,it belong to granitoid emplaced in the late orogenic Eopaleozoic.

此外，还对出露于宗务隆带西段的柴达木花岗岩进行了讨论，它属于早古生代造山后侵位的花岗岩。

He died very young but would have been in the next generation of great American gestural painters, but as I say, he died.

哈维死得早，否则会成为第二代美国泼洒画中的伟大的一位，可我说他死了。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。