从无变化的

As the track space increasing, the holding power which flexible holding parts act on sugarcane is dropping off. As the canvas layers and length of flexible holding part increasing, the track space is also increased when flexible holding parts act on sugarcane same holding power. As the length of flexible holding part increasing, the rate of slope of holding power following the track space to change would be decreased, so holding power would vary slowly. The holding power has a better linear relationship with the track space. Holding sugarcane stalk on knot or not on knot, sugarcane stalk having leaves or without leaves, the holding power would have not significant difference. Considering the structure of device and stress of sugarcane, 4-layers canvas conveyer belt was used as flexible holding part, while its length is 120mm, 160mm, or 200mm, the corresponding maximum track space is 135mm, 183mm, or 235mm. Experimental investigation of sugarcane windrowing was done on the arc-track-type flexible holding and conveying test mechanism.

随着轨道间距的增大，柔性夹持元件施加给甘蔗的夹持力逐渐减少；施加给甘蔗相同的夹持力，随着柔性夹持元件帆布帘层数和长度的增加，对应的轨道间距增加；随着柔性夹持元件长度的增大，柔性夹持元件施加给甘蔗的夹持力随轨道间距变化的斜率减小，夹持力大小的变化越缓慢；柔性夹持元件提供的夹持力与轨道间距均呈线性关系；柔性夹持元件夹在甘蔗节上还是不夹在节上，甘蔗有叶还是无叶，其施加给甘蔗的夹持力无显著差异；从夹持输送装置结构以及甘蔗的受力情况来考虑，选择4层帆布帘输送带作为柔性夹持元件更能平稳、柔和地夹持输送甘蔗，4层帆布帘120mm、160mm、200mm长的柔性夹持元件夹持甘蔗所需最大轨道间距为135mm 、183mm、235mm。

The thesis studies the difference between GWSs composition and traditional workflow applications, proposes the implement mechanism and technical architecture of GWSs composition and defines the reference model of GWSs composition platform, which provide holistic framework and top-level guidance for studying dynamic GWSs composition technology, designing GWSs composition platform, and implementing representative composite service applications.2、Theories and methods of composite process modeling and process analysis. This thesis proposes a meta-model of Geo-spatial Web services composition process defining from two aspects, i.e. process and resource. According to the process definition meta-model, we propose a new Geo-spatial Web services composition Process/Resource model based on extended WF-net, which effectively resolves the problems on uncertain activity option and dynamic variation of service in composite process model. A notion with regard to soundness of process model is proposed from three aspects, i.e. the structural correctness of process model, validity of data link and validity of resource. The notion of soundness definitely gives a dividing line on correctness of composite GWS process. This thesis analyzes sufficient and essential terms of soundness, and studies compositional property of WSCP/R-net models which provides an effective method to construct a soundness WSCP/R-net model. According to WSCP/R-net, the thesis proposes composition algebra and studies the properties of it. Based on the composition algebra, 6 kinds of composite process reduction rules are induced to optimize the process.3、Geo-spatial Web service QoS model and its application architecture. This thesis proposes an extendable GWS QoS model from three aspects, i.e. Geo-spatial Web Service itself, networking conditions and service consumer which can be used to distinguish GWSs with overlapping or identical functionality. We work over the QoS evaluation methods of composite GWS process which can be used to guide the execution, monitor and service selection of composition process. Aming at some disadvantages in traditional Web service discovery model for its lacking of QoS supporting, this thesis proposes a new service discovery model SDMQ supporting QoS constraints.4、Technologies of composite service executing. SSPL, a new composite service process language, is defined to overcome the disadvantages of existing composite services process languages which can not adapt to the dynamic variation of Geo-spatial Web Services. An algorithm is described to translate WSCP/R-net model into SSPL. The thesis studies the model of dynamic services selection with QoS global optimization, presenting an algorithm GODSS to resolve dynamic services selection with QoS global optimization in GWSs Composition.5、Design and implement experimental system and representative applications. According to the research findings presented above, we design and implement an experimental system and construct two representative applications to show that our achievements are effective and practical.

针对当前空间信息服务聚合研究中存在的若干不足，本文重点在基于工作流的空间信息服务聚合框架、空间信息服务聚合流程建模和分析技术、空间信息服务QoS模型及应用体系以及空间信息服务聚合流程执行等几个方面进行深入研究，主要工作和创新点包括：1、基于工作流的空间信息服务动态聚合框架：研究了空间信息服务动态聚合和传统工作流应用的不同，在此基础上提出了基于工作流技术的空间信息服务动态聚合实现机制、技术体系和参考模型，为研究空间信息服务聚合的关键技术、开发服务聚合支撑平台以及在此基础上构造特定的空间信息服务聚合应用提供了总体框架和顶层指导。2、空间信息服务聚合流程建模和分析技术：首先基于动态服务聚合流程建模的需求和空间信息服务动态变化的应用实际，从服务聚合的过程维和资源维出发定义了服务聚合流程定义元模型；与之相对应，对基本的WF-net进行扩展，提出服务聚合流程/资源网作为空间信息服务聚合流程的形式化描述模型，有效解决了现有的基于基本Petri网和工作流网的服务聚合建模方法所不能解决的不确定路径选择和服务的动态变化性问题；从流程结构正确性、数据依赖有效性和资源实现有效性三个方面提出了WSCP/R-net健壮性的概念，明确界定了聚合流程正确性的标准，并对WSCP/R-net模型的健壮性分析方法和WSCP/R-net模型的组合特性进行了研究；提出了空间信息服务聚合代数算子并对其性质进行了研究，在此基础上提出了6种聚合流程约简规则，从而可达到优化聚合流程、提高聚合流程执行效率的目的。3、空间信息服务QoS模型和应用体系：从服务本身、网络环境和服务消费者三个层次出发，提出了一个可扩展的空间信息服务QoS模型GSQM，实现了对空间信息服务的度量和评价，并对GSQM不同质量要素信息的客观、公正采集方法进行了研究；研究了空间信息服务聚合流程QoS评价方法，有效支持了空间信息服务聚合流程的执行、监控以及服务选择等操作；针对目前的服务发现模型仅支持服务功能性描述、不能有效满足空间信息服务应用需求的现状，提出了一种新的支持QoS约束的服务发现模型SDMQ，并对模型的实现框架进行了研究。4、空间信息服务聚合流程执行技术：针对现有的服务聚合流程描述语言不能有效满足空间信息服务动态聚合流程描述的特点，基于BPEL4WS提出了一种新的空间信息服务聚合流程描述语言SSPL；研究了满足健壮性要求的WSCP/R-net模型向SSPL的转换算法，在此基础上可以满足用户无显式编码来实现空间信息服务聚合应用的目的；研究了服务动态选择QoS全局优化模型，并在此基础上提出了一种解决服务动态选择QoS全局优化问题的实现算法GODSS.5、基于论文研究成果，设计实现了"空间信息服务聚合实验系统"，并构建了"矿产资源评价"和"城市消防应急响应"两个典型应用案例，对论文所述模型、方法的可行性和有效性进行了验证。

This thesis has construed the functions of sights in the programming process of historical cities and its trend of development in the future through the analysis of the various changes in the evolutional process of the cities: the transformation from the unconscious sight construction to the intentional planning which embodies the character of the ruling class, the transformation from the demolishment and renewal of the sights during dynastic changes to the maintenance of its old features, and the transformation from the radial pattern to the reasonable division of regions.

全文通过从城市的演变过程中伴随的无意识的景观建设到有意识的体现统治阶级性质的布局设计；从改朝换代中的毁坏又更新到当今为了保持原有风貌及体现历史名城的特色所作的维护工作；从集中一点放射状规划城市布局到合理划分不同性质区域的各种变化来分析景观在历史名城规划进程中的作用及未来的发展趋势。

The economic growth accounting of China's provinces between 1990 and 2004 finds some results like the following: no matter whether human capital was introduced or not, there were technological inefficiencies in most provinces'economic activity which were pure technological inefficiencies or scale technological inefficiencies; technological change, capital deepening and human capital accumulating all promoted labor productivity, but technological efficiency change played a negative role during these years as a whole; the descending order of provincial difference of labor productivities'changes brought out by each factor was technological change, capital deepening, technological efficiency change and human capital accumulating; each province's pure technological efficiency change or scale efficiency change not only had different size, but also different evolution route.

中国各省在1990～2004年间的经济增长核算结果表明：不论是否引入人力资本，大多数省份的经济活动都存在着技术无效率，这既包括纯技术无效率，也包括规模无效率；技术进步、资本深化和人力资本积累都促进了劳动生产率的提高，而技术效率的变化整体上来说在其中起阻碍作用；各因子引致的劳动生产率变化的省际差异从大到小依次为技术进步、资本深化、技术效率的变化和人力资本积累；各省的纯技术效率或规模效率的变化不仅大小不同，而且它们的演变路径也不一样。

During the transition from global gauge transformation to local gauge one,field interaction undergoes a 'nothing'-to-'something' change,thus affecting gauge invariance.

当使自由粒子整体规范变换向局域规范变换过渡时，场的相互作用发生了从"无"到"有"的变化，规范不变性遭到了破坏。

The battle once begun, its very various changes,--the resistance of Hougomont; the tenacity of La Haie-Sainte; the killing of Bauduin; the disabling of Foy; the unexpected wall against which Soye's brigade was shattered; Guilleminot's fatal heedlessness when he had neither petard nor powder sacks; the miring of the batteries; the fifteen unescorted pieces overwhelmed in a hollow way by Uxbridge; the small effect of the bombs falling in the English lines, and there embedding themselves in the rain-soaked soil, and only succeeding in producing volcanoes of mud, so that the canister was turned into a splash; the uselessness of Pire's demonstration on Braine-l'Alleud; all that cavalry, fifteen squadrons, almost exterminated; the right wing of the English badly alarmed, the left wing badly cut into; Ney's strange mistake in massing, instead of echelonning the four divisions of the first corps; men delivered over to grape-shot, arranged in ranks twenty-seven deep and with a frontage of two hundred; the frightful holes made in these masses by the cannon-balls; attacking columns disorganized; the side-battery suddenly unmasked on their flank; Bourgeois, Donzelot, and Durutte compromised; Quiot repulsed; Lieutenant Vieux, that Hercules graduated at the Polytechnic School, wounded at the moment when he was beating in with an axe the door of La Haie-Sainte under the downright fire of the English barricade which barred the angle of the road from Genappe to Brussels; Marcognet's division caught between the infantry and the cavalry, shot down at the very muzzle of the guns amid the grain by Best and Pack, put to the sword by Ponsonby; his battery of seven pieces spiked; the Prince of Saxe-Weimar holding and guarding, in spite of the Comte d'Erlon, both Frischemont and Smohain; the flag of the 105th taken, the flag of the 45th captured; that black Prussian hussar stopped by runners of the flying column of three hundred light cavalry on the scout between Wavre and Plancenoit; the alarming things that had been said by prisoners; Grouchy's delay; fifteen hundred men killed in the orchard of Hougomont in less than an hour; eighteen hundred men overthrown in a still shorter time about La Haie-Sainte,--all these stormy incidents passing like the clouds of battle before Napoleon, had hardly troubled his gaze and had not overshadowed that face of imperial certainty.

交锋以后，战争的非常复杂惊险的变化，乌古蒙的阻力，圣拉埃的顽抗，博丹的阵亡，富瓦战斗能力的丧失，使索亚旅部受到创伤的那道意外的墙，无弹无药的吉埃米诺的那种见死不退的顽强，炮队的陷入泥淖，被阿克斯布里吉击溃在一条凹路里的那十五尊无人护卫的炮，炸弹落入英军防线效果不大，土被雨水浸透了，炸弹陷入，只能喷出一些泥土，以致开花弹全变成了烂泥泡，比雷在布兰拉勒出击无功，十五营骑兵几乎全部覆没，英军右翼应战的镇静，左翼防守的周密，内伊不把第一军的四师人散开，反把他们聚拢的那种奇怪的误会，每排二百人，前后连接二十七排，许多那样的队形齐头并进去和开花弹对抗，炮弹对那些密集队伍的骇人的射击，失去连络的先锋队，从侧面进攻的炮队突然受到拦腰的袭击，布尔热瓦、东泽洛和迪吕特被围困，吉奥被击退，来自综合工科学校的大力士维安中尉，冒着英军防守热纳普到布鲁塞尔那条路转角处的炮火，在抡起板斧去砍圣拉埃大门时受了伤，马科涅师被困在步兵和骑兵的夹击中，在麦田里受到了贝司特和派克的劈面射击和庞森比的砍斫，他炮队的七尊炮的火眼全被钉塞，戴尔隆伯爵夺不下萨克森－魏玛亲王防守的弗里谢蒙和斯莫安，第一○五联队的军旗被夺，第四十五联队的军旗被夺，那个普鲁士黑轻骑军士被三百名在瓦弗和普朗尚努瓦一带策应的狙击队所获，那俘虏所说的种种悚听的危言，格鲁希的迟迟不来，一下便倒在圣拉埃周围的那一千八百人，比在乌古蒙果园中不到一个钟头便被杀尽的那一千五百人死得更快，凡此种种迅雷疾风似的意外，有如阵阵战云，在拿破仑的眼前掠过，几乎不曾扰乱他的视线，他那副极度自信的龙颜，绝不因这些变幻而稍露忧色。

Between 1936 and 1975, GEICO grew from a standing start to a 4% market share, becoming the country's fourth largest auto insurer. During most of this period, the company was superbly managed, achieving both excellent volume gains and high profits. It looked unstoppable. But after my friend and hero Lorimer Davidson retired as CEO in 1970, his successors soon made a huge mistake by underreserving for losses. This produced faulty cost information, which in turn produced inadequate pricing. By 1976, GEICO was on the brink of failure.

从1936到1975这40年间，GEICO从无到4%的市场占有率，成为全美第四大的汽车保险公司，大部份的时候，公司的经营相当上轨道，营收与获利同步成长，看起来势不可挡，但直到该公司总裁，同时也是我的好朋友Davidson在1970年宣布退休，情势随即起了变化，他的继任者犯下损失准备提拨不足的大错，此举大大扭曲了成本结构，进而导致不当的订价，1976年，GEICO已濒临倒闭。

Assuming that investors pursue the maximal appetite. We emphasize, the carriers of value are relative changes in wealth, neigher changes nor absolute levels or final outcomes. And there are two securities traded one of which is riskless and the other is risky.

假设投资者追求欲望最大化，投资者从最终财富的相对变化中获得欲望，而不是依赖于其变化，或者仅仅依赖于最终财富本身，而且假设市场上只有两种证券：一种是无风险债券；一种是有风险之下的股票。

Secondly,based on the sense of money equilibrium and AO-test technique,this paper recalculates the degree of excess money,and finds that there exits greater degree excess money during 1979 to 2007,but the degree has been dropped greatly since 1990s.

从&超额货币&的内涵来看，其不仅包括执行流通手段职能的货币量，而且还应该包括执行贮藏等各种职能的货币量；第二是采用供求均衡意义上的&超额货币&程度的算法，在变量中引入制度及虚拟经济发展的因素，在方法中采用AO检验法对长期因素做了阶段性划分，并在此基础上运用协整检验法对我国的&超额货币&程度进行了测算，结果发现在1979年-2007年间，我国的确存在着较大规模的超额货币，但是，在20世纪90年代之后，我国的超额货币程度出现了较大幅度的下降；第三是采用阶段分析法对我国超额货币的引致原因进行了实证分析，检验结果显示，货币化、虚拟经济的发展和边际消费倾向的变化都在不同程度上造成了我国超额货币程度发生变化，其中：货币化在1979-1990年间和1991-2007年间对&超额货币&程度的影响方向是相反的，虚拟经济的发展与&超额货币&程度的变动具有反向的影响，货币结构的变化对&超额货币&程度的变动具有正向影响，而居民消费对&超额货币&程度在1979-1990年间无显著影响，但是在1990-2007年间有正向的影响；第四是对&超额货币&程度的变化对我国经济金融的影响进行了理论和实证分析，结果显示：&超额货币&程度的变化对我国的经济增长、物价和汇率的变动都有着较为明显的影响，其中，对物价和汇率的影响是正向的，对经济增长的影响在长短期是不一致的。

To get the most out of nothing, you need to have self-changing rules.

要做到从无中生出最多的有，你就必须拥有自我变化的规则。

On the other hand, the more important thing is because the urban housing is a kind of heterogeneity products.

另一方面，更重要的是由于城市住房是一种异质性产品。

Climate histogram is the fall that collects place measure calm value, cent serves as cross axle for a few equal interval, the area that the frequency that the value appears according to place is accumulated and becomes will be determined inside each interval, discharge the graph that rise with post, also be called histogram.

气候直方图是将所收集的降水量测定值，分为几个相等的区间作为横轴，并将各区间内所测定值依所出现的次数累积而成的面积，用柱子排起来的图形，也叫做柱状图。