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The Periscope Drawtube will be bent because of the water resistance in sailing and this bend will cause the error of star measurement. Due to its especial structure, contactless measurement is the only way to measure its bend degree. First this paper introduces the method by linear array CCD based on structure and light path; Second it expatiates linear array CCD work principle and driving scheduling with example of TCD1501C and the driving circuit by CPLD. The output signal of linear array CCD includes common disturbance so the differential amplifier is needed. In order to make the signal adapt to computer processing, a threshold circuit with Schmitt characteristic and the data process following threshold are given. At last, some key problems in application are given.

潜艇潜望镜的镜筒在航行时受到水的阻力会产生弯曲变形，这种变形会造成潜艇对星体测量的误差；由于镜筒结构的特殊性，对其弯曲程度的测量只能采用非接触方法；首先从结构和光路方面介绍采用线阵CCD作为检测元件实现对镜筒弯曲程度的测量；其次以东芝公司的线阵CCD（TCD1501C）为例阐述了其工作原理及驱动时序的控制要点，并介绍了基于可编程逻辑器件的线阵CCD的驱动电路；线阵CCD输出的信号中含有共模干扰，必须采用差分放大器将其抑制；为将信号转化为适合计算机处理的数字信号，文中给出了有一定实用价值具有施密特特性的二值化处理电路及二值化后的数据处理过程；最后阐述了在实际使用中的一些关键问题。

The main problems researched in the dissertation and achievements are as follows: The dissertation explains the science background and the theoretical and actual meaning of the task. The progress and the problems of the flow imaging technique are briefly explained. The advantages of electrical capacitance tomography are discussed. The paper discusses the formation and operating principle of ECT, and builds up the definite mathematical model by detail theoretical analyse, and establishes the Finite Element Model of the system by changing the finite boundary value problem of ECT into equivalence variation problem according to variation principle. On the basis of the FEM of the system, the paper builds the finite element model of the capacitance sensitivity field distribution and programs its finite element simulation software and proves the validity of the FEM of the ECT from different aspects. With the FEM and the qualitative analyse of the effect of each structural parameter of the capacitance transducer on its capability, this paper optimizes the structural parameters of the capacitance transducer, and obviously improves its capability. The compare of the simulated result with the static experimental result shows that the error of them is less than 0.9%.

其主要研究内容包括：阐述课题研究的学术背景及其理论与实际意义，概括总结出流动层析成像技术的发展现状和存在的问题，指出电容层析成像技术的优点；讨论电容层析成像系统的组成及工作原理，进行详尽的理论分析，以变分原理为基础，将ECT的有限元边值问题转换为等价的变分问题，从而建立系统的有限元模型；在系统有限元模型的基础上，建立敏感场的数学模型，编制有限元的仿真软件，并从不同角度证明电容层析成像系统有限元模型的正确性；利用有限元模型，定性地分析电容传感器各结构参数对其性能的影响，并对传感器结构参数进行优化设计，使其性能得到明显的改善。8电极ECT系统的仿真和静态实验结果的比较表明，它们之间的相对误差小于0。

This thesis not only analyses the artistic characteristic of Wang Jiawei's film fully, sums up its artistic law, excavates its deep intension, shows its unique explores consciousness and innovation spirit, but also studies the important position of Wang Jiawei's film in the filmdom and society civilization domain from the angle of sociology.

本文不仅对王家卫电影的艺术特色进行了充分的分析研究，总结其艺术规律，挖掘其深刻内涵，展示其独特的探索意识和创新精神，而且还从社会学的角度对于王家卫电影在当今电影界和社会文化层面的重要地位进行了一定的探讨。

Systematically describes the development of T/R burnt_out georgette velvet by low crystal modified polyester fibre in terms of its variety design, weaving, dyeing, printing and finishing, with tests made on the product specifications and key physical properties.

系统地阐述了应用低结晶改性聚酯纤维，开发T/R烂花乔其立绒产品的生产工艺技术。从T/R烂花乔其立绒产品的品种设计及织造、印染后整理的工艺技术研究，到其成品的规格、主要物理性能指标测试，都作了系统的分析。

This paper probes into the ruling policies and its influences of the Qing Dynasty on the basis of the analysis of the Li Insurgence, sums up its experiences and lessons, and comes to the conclusion that the nationality equality, the nationality solidification and the nationality co-prosperity can only be fulfilled by developing the polity, economy and culture of the minority nationalities vigorously and constantly.

本文从分析清王朝"黎乱"着手，进一步阐述其治黎政策以及影响，摊开其治黎史上的得失，总结其经验教训，最后通过清末的开发得出必须大力发展少数民族的政治、经济、文化才能达到民族平等、民族团结以及民族共同繁荣的规律。

This invention provides an on-line analysis method and system for combined gas and steam cycle power station's efficiency, which comprises an on-site data-collecting unit, used to check the sub-devices state parameter in power station; a data base server linked to on-site data-collecting unit to stored the state parameter provided by data-collecting unit; modular arithmetic server used to calculate the gross operation efficiency of power station based on the data base state parameter and the influence degree caused by sub-devices property to the gross operation efficiency; client device to receive command input by clients and output the calculating result by modular arithmetic server.

本发明提供一种燃气―蒸汽联合循环发电站运行效率的在线解析方法和系统，在线解析系统包括：现场数据采集单元，用于测量电站各分设备的状态参数；与现场数据采集单元相连的数据库服务器，用于存储现场数据采集单元测量得到的状态参数；模型运算服务器，其根据从数据库提取的状态参数并计算电站的总运行效率和当前状态下电站各分设备性能对电站总运行效率的影响程度；客户机，其接收用户输入的命令并输出模型运算服务器的计算结果；网络，其将数据库、模型运算服务器和客户机连接在一起。

This paper analyzes the employment characteristics of vague language in English business correspondence, and proposes that vague language has a certain kind of indictive function, that is, its employment frequency represents different kinds of business correspondence. It is concluded, through the analysis of the reason, that vague language serves as ostensive stimulus which can he used to make the addresser intention understood by the addressee.

本文从模糊语言在英文商务信函中的使用特点分析着手，提出其在商务信函中具有一定的标识性功能，即模糊语言的使用频率或多或少地反映了商务信函的种类；并对其原因进行分析，得出模糊语言在一定程度上充当明示交际中的明示刺激，在不同的商务信函中被书信人运用来引导收信人对其意图的理解。

Fourth, Based on sample data collected in Shenzhen city in 2003, the paper, from various perspectives, calculates nominal VAT rate for goods sold domestically or internationally. By the means of the calculation of the extent of indirect nominal tax burden shifting, we can get the economy tax burden from evaluating some trades'tax burden shifting range of Shenzhen VAT taxpayer. This paper also analyses the problems and the reasons of it and proved that the result of the separate calculation of domestic sales nominal tax burden and export sales tax burden can more realistically reflects the enterprises'nominal tax burden.. Enterprises with higher nominal tax burden can transfer their most parts of their nominal tax burden to the consumers, but the enterprises with lower nominal tax burden have to bear all nominal tax burden. Thus, when measuring the properness of tax burden from the VAT taxpayer, a comparison between economic tax burden and optimum tax burden should be considered.

第四，本文以2003年度深圳市数据为例，从不同的口径分别用经典名义税负测算法和内外销分别测算法测算了深圳市增值税纳税人的名义税负，运用间接税税负转嫁程度测算模型，测算了深圳市增值税纳税人部分行业税负转嫁的程度，进而得出其经济税负，并分析了深圳市增值税纳税人税负存在的问题以及成因，验证了内外销分别测算法得出的结果更能真实地反映企业的名义税负，得出以下结论：名义税负较高的行业，其经济税负不一定高，而名义税负较低的行业，其经济税负并不一定低，在衡量增值税纳税人的税收负担是否适度的问题上，不能简单的将名义税负与最优税负比较，而应将经济税负与最优税负比较。

Saponins, steroid saponins, which are rich and play the most important physiologically active compounds in yam. The studies of steroid saponins of other plants found that glycone on saponins played an important physiological activity. Because of the structural differences between saponin glycosides with different forms and sapogenin resulting from the removal of glycone by hydrolysis on saponins , caused the different physiological effect.

山药含有丰富的皂，属类固醇皂，为山药所含最具生理活性的重要化合物；从其他植物类固醇皂的研究发现，醣基於皂的生理活性上扮演著相当重要的角色，其所接醣基的多寡与有无，醣基的组成、醣的键结型式、醣基链的长度及支链的有无等，皆会影响其生理功效；故不同形式配醣体的的皂，及水解后造成醣基去除而形成皂元，因其结构的不同，产生之生理功效亦不尽相同。

Gymnocladus dioicus K. is a large deciduous tree with unisexual flowers, which are good research materials for sexual differentiation. Researches from cytomorphology, cytohischemstry and analyses of special proteins on both male and female flowers in different developmental stages were systemly reported in this paper. The sex differentiation process of Kentucky coffeetree first undergo a vengetative stage, then a bisexual stage, finally unisexuality by means of the reduction or abortion of inappreciate sex organ primordial.

本论文以美国肥皂荚雌株及雄株上不同发育时期的花蕾和花为试材，从细胞形态学、细胞组织化学、特异蛋白质分析三方面首次对其花芽分化及开花特性进行详细描述，进而就其花性别分化过程进行了比较系统的研究，对其单性花形成机制方面进行了讨论。

According to the clear water experiment, aeration performance of the new equipment is good with high total oxygen transfer coefficient and oxygen utilization ratio.

曝气设备的动力效率在叶轮转速为120rpm～150rpm时取得最大值，此时氧利用率和充氧能力也具有较高值。

The environmental stability of that world - including its crushing pressures and icy darkness - means that some of its most famous inhabitants have survived for eons as evolutionary throwbacks, their bodies undergoing little change.

稳定的海底环境─包括能把人压扁的压力和冰冷的黑暗─意谓海底某些最知名的栖居生物已以演化返祖的样态活了万世，形体几无变化。