从人的角度

Ihde's philosophy of technology is very typical in contemporary American circles of philosophy of technology. His philosophy is not only closely related to former philosophers of technology such as Heidergger and Mumford, but also integrates analytical philosophy and pragmatism with phenomenology. By using materials of history of technology and anthropology, lhde reinterprets former basic problems in the philosophy of technology and forms his own system of philosophy of technology. Ihde's philosophy represents the new directions of American philosophy of technology, which pay attention to the research of the history of technology, the philosophical foundation of philosophy of technology and technological practices.

伊德的技术哲学思想在当代美国技术哲学中很有代表性，他的思想既与以前的技术哲学家像海德格尔、芒福德等人的思想密切相关，又在现象学的基础上融合了实用主义和分析哲学的成分，并借助于人类学和技术史等学科的材料，重新阐释了以前技术哲学中的一些主要问题，形成了自己的现象学技术哲学的思想体系，代表了当代美国技术哲学的最新趋势，即在研究技术史、技术哲学的哲学基础和技术实践的基础上，从不同的角度重新看待技术本身。

The first part states in a comprehensive way the research on Zhou Zuoren so as to define the purpose, methodology and significance of the dissertation. The second part analyzes the experience of Zhou's self-culture creation from a personal angle-Yue culture in Zhejiang gave Zhou a perceptual knowledge of folklore, while the idea of world folklore gave him a rational cognition of folk' culture. The combination forms a dual folklore. The third part observes Zhou Zuoren's examination of literarure from folklore's perspective as well as its pioneering significance. The fourth part explores in a further way Zhou's perspective of folk culture, and analyzes the method he has established to conduct literary criticism from the angle of folklore as well as his research on Chinese Culture. The fifth part analyzes the impacts folklore theory and folk culture have on the formation of Zhou' literary ideas, focusing more his folklore interpretation and humanism perspective about the origin and hist ory of literature, also his literary aesthetic standards about "ordinary humanism" and "loving amusement" from the position of folklore. The sixth part expounds Zhou's achievement in combining literature and folklore and explores the consistency of their focus on human, thereby presenting a complete picture of Zhou's literature. The last part generalizes the revelation drawing from the research done in this dissertation.

本文分为六章：第一章综述周作人研究的历史与现状，从而确定本文的研究目的、方法及意义；第二章从社会、时代背景、区域文化传统和个人文化选择的角度，阐释周作人选取民俗学视角观照文学的原因，侧重分析周作人自我文化建构的心路历程——浙江越文化传统的浸润给周作人以民俗学的感性认识，而世界民俗学的理念赋予他注重民间文化的理性精神；第三章考察周作人的民俗学研究及先锋意义；第四章进一步探讨周作人的民俗文化观，分析他确立的从民俗文化角度进行文学批评的方法，兼及他从民俗学视角进行的中国文化研究；第五章分析民俗学理论及民俗文化观在周作人文学思想生成中的影响，着重论述周作人关于文学起源和文学发展史的民俗学阐释、文学的民俗人性观，以及从民间立场出发所具有的"平凡的人道"、"有情的滑稽"等文学审美原则；第六章从创作实践方面，探讨周作人文学作品的民俗文化意蕴，进一步论述周作人将文学与民俗结合在一起的实绩，并揭示二者以"人"为核心的内在精神的一致性，从而呈现出周作人较为完整的文学风貌；最后是余论，指出这一研究的启示。

Based on the field work among the Azande and the analysis of ancient Chinese logic and the logic of Buddhism, this paper attempts to provide factual information for the argument for the "culture-based relativity of logic" in a descriptive way. Taking the deductive method as the classical research method, this paper argues for the existence of the culture-based relativity of logic in modern culture and other cultures. The validity of this argument is based on the findings of ethnographic as well as historical studies. This paper also seeks to prove by studying the interactions between different languages and ways of life that the classical research method was also built on cultural relativity.

对阿赞得人的田野考察报告，以及中国古代逻辑和佛教逻辑的研究成果，从描述的角度为&逻辑相对于文化&这一命题提供事实根据；采用演绎论证作为元方法说明现代文化中的逻辑和其他文化的逻辑在现代文化中的译本具有文化相对性；借助民族志和历史学研究成果说明其他文化的逻辑本身也具有的文化相对性；通过语言博弈和生活形式概念说明作为元方法的演绎论证同样具有文化相对性。

Centering on human studies which relate to literature closely, this dissertation reorganizes Erich Fromm\'s ideas into a theoretical system of Hominology in comparative approach. The author systematizes Fromm\'s ideas with a logical structure of 3 levels: the lost self, the search for self, and the redemption of self.

为此，本文从文学的角度、围绕人的问题，运用比较的方法，分三个层次把弗洛姆的思想理论建构为&自我的迷失&、&自我的找寻&、&自我的拯救&这一有机整体——弗洛姆的人学思想体系。

To those who make a habit of accommodating others against their better judgment , the author suggests making a weekly list of yeses , noting if your time is well managed , learning to prioritize and set limits and giving up the need to be in control .

本书作者佩雷菲特从世界史的角度，将此次出使作为东方与西方的首次撞击来考察，于是，视野开阔了，可供思考的素材也就相应丰富起来。在作者眼中，这次英国人的出使实质意味着当时的天下唯一的文明国家

Expected economic development of the theory of fluctuations is expected to process, many people from the psychological point of view of impulse formation of the nature of the expected reasons, such as Keynes's "animal spirit", etc.(but in fact can not be expected of a purely mental activity , it has an objective basis, is a combination of subjective and objective).

预期的经济发展理论的波动，预计过程中，许多人从心理的角度来看，脉冲形成的性质，预期的原因，如凯恩斯的&动物精神&，等等（但事实上，不能预计纯粹的精神活动，它有一个客观的基础上，结合了主观和客观）。

Expected to fluctuations in the economy is expected during the development of the theory, many people from the psychological point of view of impulse formation of the nature of the expected reasons, such as Keynes's "animal spirit", etc.(but in fact can not be expected of a purely mental activities, it has an objective basis, is a combination of subjective and objective).

预期波动的影响，预计经济发展过程中的理论，许多人从心理的角度来看，脉冲形成的性质，预期的原因，如凯恩斯的&动物精神&，等等（但事实上，不能指望一个纯粹的精神活动，它有一个客观的基础上，结合了主观和客观）。

Now we must also examine the culture as we Mexican Americans have experienced it, passing from a sovereign people to compatriots with newly arriving settlers to, finally, a conquered people—a charter minority on our own land.

现在我们也必须从我们墨西哥裔美国人的角度对所经历过的文化进行一番审视：先是主权民族，接着变成了新来殖民者的同胞，最终沦为被征服了的民族——成了在自己的土地上被特许存在的少数民族。

The first is Qin culture's value in the market economy, from the perspective of modem mining, the essence of the inherent humanity, addressing its deep flaws and reshape its modem value, The second is Qin cultural circle and coordinated regional economic development, Qin cultural circles and the big-Guanzhong mark sphere has the inherent linds, Qin culture research should be based on reality, from the perpective of cultural capital build a solid foundation for culture; The third is Qin culture's industrialization, which has an advantage in location and resource advantages; The fourth is inter-regional cultural cooperation's issues, Qin cultural studies should be carried out in the wide-area, multi-perspective of a comprehensive study; The fifth is to introduce the new paradigm issues. such as cultural capital, social capital and human resources.

一是秦文化在市场经济中的价值挖掘与重塑问题，应从现代性角度挖掘秦文化的内在人文精髓，正视其深层中的秦文化圈与区域经济视域下的大关中经济圈具有内在契合性；秦文化的相关研究应该立足于大关中经济圈的现实，从文化资本角度为大关中经济的腾飞打造坚实的文化根基；三是秦文化自身的产业化问题，秦文化圈具有文化产业的区位优势和资源优势，应从经济与文化交叉的角度深入作域文化产业发展模式问题；四是区域间跨文化经济交流合作问题，秦文化研究应在跨省际、跨区域的横向文化交流合作中对其内在关系进行宽领域、多视角的全面研究；五是在研究中引人新范式问题，应有效借鉴文化资本、社会资本、人力资源、企业文化与企业家精神等一些新的分析范式，推动相关研究的深人拓展。

From the perspective of ethics, this paper analyzes the conflicts and compromises between four mothers and their respective daughters in Amy Tan's novel The Joy Luck Club.

摘 要：本文从伦理学的角度分析了美国华裔女作家谭恩美的小说《喜福会》中四位母亲和她们的四个女儿之间的相互冲突和相互融合的心灵历程，揭示了母女两代人所代表的儒家思想和美国精神之间的文化冲突。

The basic concept of FOP can be summarized as to further optimize effective prescription according to the standard of curative effects and with the aid of modern science and technology and theories of traditional Chinese medicine.

其基本内涵可概括为：以确有疗效的中药复方为研究对象，以现代科学技术和传统中医药理论为技术支持，以该复方所治病证的药效响应为评价标准，以优化重组疗效更优的新复方为研究目的。

Ever since our world has been a world, native forests have been indiscriminately exploited by man.

自从我们的世界一直是世界原生森林被任意剥削人。