从...到...

From wardens to deaf-blind people, from enterprises to media, from Sun Li, Deng Chao to former basketball player Ma Jian, from Badminton world champion Gong Ruina, and Chess master Liu Xiaoguang to actor Liu Bin, He Bin, singer Tian Zhen and Fu Disheng couple, from Zhao Pu, Chunni to journalists in Beijing, from foreign students to foreign guests, from volunteer stations to tourist sites, from office buildings to Olympic stadiums, from busy streets to ordinary communities, over 100,000 people dressed in the same Olympic shirt hand printed by artists and celebrities, unfurling Chinese people's passion and hospitality by showing direction to foreign friends and so forth, without even language communication."Olympic Shirt Direction Guider" made up unique scenery from the city, warm praises came from central government, multi-media, business units and institutions, ordinary citizens, foreign friends, political leaders abroad, athletes and foreign media; massive media coverage from CCTV, Xinhua News Agency, People's Daily, Global Times, BTV, CRI, Top 3 Agencies, Beijing Youth, JB News Media, Southern City Daily, Big River, Xinmin Evening, Qian River Evening, Yangzi Evening, Chinese Merchants, Yanzhao Evening, Sina.com, Sohu.com, MSN.com, Chinanews.com, Phoenix TV, Takungpao, Lianhe Zaobao, China Times, New York Times, Mirror of Germany, Guardian of Britain, Europe Times of France, BBC, CNN and so on, all jointly promoted Beijing and Chinese people's friendly, hospitable image to the world.

上到区长下到聋哑百姓，从企业到媒体，从孙俪邓超到前篮球运动员马建，从世界羽毛球冠军龚睿娜、围棋大师刘晓光到演员刘斌和何冰、歌手田震和付笛声夫妇，从赵普春妮到京城媒体记者，从留学生到留学客，从志愿者站到旅游景点，从写字楼到奥运场馆，从繁华街道到普通社区，近10万人穿上一件由艺术家和社会名人手绘的地图"奥衫"，在不用语言交流的情况下，为初次来京的外国朋友指路，展现中国人的热情好客，"指路奥衫"成为奥运会期间京城一道独特的风景线，受到中央政府、媒体各界、企事单位、普通百姓、外国友人、国际政客、运动员、国外媒体等各行各业的大力赞赏；包括中央台、新华社、人民日报、环球时报、北京台、国际广播电台、国际三大社、北青报、京报集团下各大媒体、南都、大河报、新民晚报、钱江晚报、扬子晚报、华商报、燕赵晚报、新浪网、搜狐网、 MSN 网、中新网、凤凰卫视、香港大公报、联合早报、中国时报、纽约时报、德国镜报、英国卫报、法国欧洲时报、 BBC 、 CNN 等近百家国内外媒体大篇幅报道，将中国北京和中国人民的友好热情与良好形象推广到了全世界。

The influences of the shock thickness and Alfven waves on the particle acceleration by diffusive shock waves are numerically studied through solving one-dimensional diffusive equation including the second-order Fermi effect. It is shown that the spectral index of the energetic particles strongly depends on the shock thickness. For example, the spectral index increases from 2.1 to 3.7 in the low energy range of 3-10 MeV and from 2.5 to 5.0 in the high energy range of 20-60 MeV as the thickness increases. The spectral index decreases from 4.3 to 3.1 as the particle injection energy increases. The spectral index decreases from 4.0 to 1.8 at the quasi-steady stage with the enhancement of the compression ratio from 2 to 4. The results indicate that under the influence of Alfven waves, the energetic particle spectrum at lower energy becomes flat and the spectral index decreases from 2.5 to 0.6 in the low energy range of 3-10 MeV and from 11.6 to 5.0 in the high energy range of 20-60 MeV. At the same time, the rollover energy reaches 19.6 MeV. The spectral index decreases from 5.8 to 2.9 as the energy density of Alfven waves increase. All these results are basically consistent with the theoretical models, as well as the observations of typical energetic particle events.

通过数值求解包含二阶费米加速的一维扩散方程，探讨在准平行激波条件下激波厚度和级联阿尔芬波对粒子加速的影响，研究粒子分布函数的演化与激波厚度和阿尔芬波强度的内禀关系，计算结果表明：(1)考虑激波厚度时，谱指数明显依赖于激波厚度，随着厚度从0.32增大到2.56，低能端(3-10MeV)谱指数逐渐从2.1增加到3.7，高能端(20-60MeV)谱指数从2.4增大到5.0，能谱逐渐变软；当初始注入粒子动量增大1.3倍，质子能谱指数从4.3减小到3.1，且与零厚度激波加速的谱指数差值缩小；厚度不变时，随着压缩比从2增加到4，准稳态分布时低能端(3-10MeV)粒子能谱指数逐渐从4.0减小到1.8谱变硬；(2)在级联阿尔芬波的影响下，随着时间的增大，粒子在低能处(3-10MeV)的谱指数从2.5减小到0.6高能端(20-60MeV)谱指数从11.6减小到5.0，能谱变硬，拐点能量值从7.5MeV增大到为19.6MeV；随着波的能量密度增大，谱指数从5.8减小到2.9，这表明阿尔芬波强度越大，加速效率越高，通过与激波厚度解析结果和高能粒子事件的观测能谱比较发现两者是一致的，说明数值模拟结果是可靠的。

Its root is philosophy, that is, philosophy is the sources of cognitive science. Theoretically,cognitive science comes through from metaphysics to psychological experiment, from introspectionism to behaviorism, from cognitivism to connectionism and computational-representationism. Methodologically,cognitive science takes on from introspective examination to behavior analysis, from mental reduction to functional construction, from symbolic operation to arti...

认知科学根源于哲学，同时又包含着许多哲学问题；在理论上，认知科学经历了从形而上学思辨到心理实验，从内省主义到行为主义，从认知主义到联结主义、计算表征主义综合的范式更替；在方法上，表现出从内省审查到行为分析、从心理还原到功能建构、从符号运算到人工神经网络的转变。

In fact, I learn some merit from the elderships too. For example, I have learned the strict style from my confidant who is a scholarly military office. I have learned the general demeano from President Hujintao. I have learned the precise habit from Premier Wenjiabao. I have learned the manful sagaciousness from the President George Bush. I have learned the free spirit, the strength of caritas and the harmonious symphony from our people who love the true , the good and the beautiful for ever.

其实我也从各位长辈身上学到了很多优点，比如：我从我的军官老师那里学到了严谨，从胡主席那里学到了大将风度，从温总理那里学到了细心，从布什总统内政外交方式中学到了果敢的睿智，从我们所有热爱真善美的人民那里学到了自由的精神、博爱的力量、和谐的交响。

India's Finance Ministry on September 16 cut the base price of imported soyoil and palm oils. The government cut the soyoil base price to $506 per tonne from $558/tonne. The base price for crude palm oil was cut to $397/tonne from $423/tonne, while the base price of refined palm oil was cut to $418/tonne from $429/tonne. The base price of crude palm olein was cut to $414/tonne from $432/tonne, while the base price of refined, bleached, deodorized palm olein was cut to $427/tonne from $438/tonne.

印度财政部9月16日下调了进口豆油和棕榈油的基价，豆油从每吨558美元下调到每吨506美元，毛棕榈油从每吨423美元下调到每吨397美元，精炼棕榈油从每吨429美元下调到每吨418美元，24度毛棕榈油从每吨432美元下调到每吨414美元，经过脱色、脱臭处理的24度精炼棕榈油从每吨438美元下调到每吨427美元。

Bamboo variation ofmicrodensity of all age-degree and all height bamboo from bamboo green tobamboo yellow as follows:The downtrend ladder of microdensity the firststage from bamboo green to bamboo yellow is relatively large,normally at theplace 0.35 from bamboo hull(the thickness of from bamboo hull to bambooyellow is 1)micro-density downtrend ladder begin to get smaller,variancerange of microdensity is smaller.When reaching near bamboo yellow area,microdensity reaches its minimum value,and when reaching bamboo yellowsection density increase rapidly,the minimum density of bamboo is only 50% orless of maximum density.Bamboo yellow is comprised of stone cells whichhave thick cell wall,so its density is high,normally 50% to 100% more thanminimum density.Bamboo yellow′s lay thickness is thin,normally the samethickness for all age-degree and all height bamboo,about 0.8mm.From 1 age-degree bamboo to 2 age-degree bamboo during growth,the increase of averagedensity is mainly in bamboo pulp section,from 3 age-degree bamboo to 4 age-degree bamboo,the decrease of average density is mainly decrease in the pulpsection.Same age,same height,the less the density ladder of bamboo radialthickness,the higher the mechanical strength.

所有年龄所有高度的竹材微密度从竹青到竹黄对材性变异规律如下：从竹青到竹黄开始下降梯度较大，一般到相对竹皮距离0.35左右处(整个竹壁厚度为1)，竹材微密度下降梯度减小，微密度的变化范围变小，到近竹黄处，微密度达最小值，而后到竹黄部位密度大幅上升，竹材最小密度一般只有最大密度的50％或更低，竹黄由厚壁的石细胞组成，所以密度较大，一般比最小密度增大约50％-100％，厚度较薄，不同年龄不同高度竹材的竹黄厚度相差无几，约在0.8mm左右；竹材从1度竹到2度竹生长过程中，平均密度的增长主要发生在竹肉部分，从3度竹到4度竹生长过程中，平均密度的下降主要发生在竹肉部分，同一年龄同一高度，竹壁厚径向的密度梯度越小，力学强度越高，随着年龄的增大，密度梯度越来越小(1度竹除外)，随着高度增加，密度梯度越来越大。

From "City Girl" to "My Hero",from xi'an to shanghai even to word,from summer of 2007 to summer of 2009,from forthright and sincere boy to mature real man,from dream stage to life stage,from tattle and prate to achievement,you are always insisting in chasing dream to be the summit.

从都市女孩的节目到好男儿的战场，从西安到上海再到世界各地，从07年的盛夏到09年的盛夏，从率真的大男孩到成熟稳重的男人，从梦想无到人生的舞台，从流言蜚语到果实累累，一路上你都坚定的走着，走在通往人生的巅峰

Based on the results, there is an increase in total emergy input from 1.126×10^22 to 1.661×10^22 seja(-1), with an ob-served increase in total emergy output from 5.002×10^20 to 1.383×10^22 seja^(-1) for 1952~2005. Ecological function potential drops from 54.08% to 37.02% and the basic population capacity increases from 199 400 to 315 100. Emergy self-support ratio drops from 74.58% to 54.13%, while emergy investment ratio increases from 34.0% to 85.0%. Emergy density increases from 1.34×10^11 to 1.97 ×10^11 sejm^(-2) and emergy/money ratio decreases from 4.93×10^14 to 1.81×10^13 sej$^(-1). There is an increase in environment load ratio and net energy yield ratio from 0.85 to 1.70 and from 0.18 to 1.82 respectively.

结果表明，1952~2005年期间，阿坝州农业生态系统总能值投入从1.126×10^22 seja^(-1)增加到1.661×10^22 seja^(-1)，总能值产出从5.002×10^20 seja^(-1)增加到1.383×10^22 seja^(-1)，生态功能潜力从54.08%下降到37.02%，人口基本承载力从19.94万人增加到31.51万人，能值自给率从74.58%下降到54.13%，能值投资率从34.0%上升到85.0%，能值密度从1.34×10^11 sejm^(-2)上升到1.97×10^11 sejm^(-2)，能值货币比率从4.93×10^14 sej$(-1)降低到1.81×10^13 sej$(-1)，环境负荷率从0.85上升到1.70，净能值产出率从0.18上升到1.82，可持续发展指数从0.20增加到1.07。

How many kilometers by train is it from s.p. to s.p.

从…到…乘火车要多少公里？

Lesson 47 How many kilometers by train is it from s.p. to s.p.

从…到…乘火车要多少公里？

We have no common name for a mime of Sophron or Xenarchus and a Socratic Conversation; and we should still be without one even if the imitation in the two instances were in trimeters or elegiacs or some other kind of verse--though it is the way with people to tack on 'poet' to the name of a metre, and talk of elegiac-poets and epic-poets, thinking that they call them poets not by reason of the imitative nature of their work, but indiscriminately by reason of the metre they write in.

索夫农 、森那库斯和苏格拉底式的对话采用的模仿没有一个公共的名称；三音步诗、挽歌体或其他类型的诗的模仿也没有——人们把&诗人&这一名词和格律名称结合到一起，称之为挽歌体诗人或者史诗诗人，他们被称为诗人，似乎只是因为遵守格律写作，而非他们作品的模仿本质。

The relationship between communicative competence and grammar teaching should be that of the ends and the means.

交际能力和语法的关系应该是目标与途径的关系。