从...出发

The former firstly establishes state graph of power system, and then, with the use of the adjacency matrix and path matrix of the directed graph, fast finds out the key transmission sections suffered greatly from the outages of overload lines through simple calculation of matrix. In the latter, the minimal short transmission path, the length of which is calculated with line impedance, is determined with graph theory to focus on security analysis objects from the whole network to some key transmission lines.

前者根据实时网络拓扑结构和潮流分布状态，在对初始电力网络简化、分区的基础上，利用有向图的邻接矩阵与路径矩阵，通过简单的矩阵运算，快速识别出与过载线路相关的关键输电断面；后者直接利用系统各支路的阻抗，从图论算法的基本思想出发，搜索最易遭受大负荷转移的关键传输路径，从而将安全性分析目标从整个网络缩小到某些关键的输电线路。

In some western countries,they have some religions gave explaination to universe and life,such as:God created human beings and Jesue Allah can save human beings.Due to the western's disagreement on the thinking,so they have borned a science which called Antitheism under the fundation of taking consideration from the reality,analysising and solving problems from objective terms.such as Einstein said:no matter due to fear or needs of morality,though they may have limit between good ones and bad ones if it had conflicted with religion.they have a common feature which is personate of God,however what a coincidence is that Buddhism never agree it,and Buddha also never take himself as a demiurge.

后来西方人对这种思想不赞成，于是一切从实际出发、从客观事物去分析问题、解决问题，便产生了无神论的科学，如爱因斯坦认为与科学相冲突的宗教，无论是出于恐惧，还是道德的需要，尽管本身有高下之分，其"所共有的是它们的上帝概念的拟人化的特征"，而佛教恰恰是它不承认任何拟人化的造物主，佛陀更不以造物主自居，佛教认为，佛陀只能教导众生离苦得乐的方法，佛陀自己虽已离苦得乐，但却不能带替众生离苦得乐。

When we discuss the meaning of chromaticity and color difference s,we always want to avoid or diminish the influence from photology,physics,chemistry,physiology and psychology.

在研究影响色度及色差的因素时，人们普遍是从光学、物理学、化学、生理学及心理学角度出发，期望能够尽量消除这些因素的影响，以使测量结果与人眼视觉匹配，并从理论上解释颜色空间的不均匀性。

When we discuss the meaning of chromaticity and color differences,we always want to avoid or diminish the influence from photology,physics,chemistry,physiology and psychology.

在研究影响色度及色差的因素时，人们普遍是从光学、物理学、化学、生理学及心理学角度出发，期望能够尽量消除这些因素的影响，以使测量结果与人眼视觉匹配，并从理论上解释颜色空间的不均匀性。

This dissertation is devoted to discuss claim preclusionand proceduralguarantee.The author begins with the discussing of the validity of final judgment,and thedevelopment of theory on claim preclusion,and then studies the essence and functions of claimpreclusion from the theoretic and demonstrational aspect.

本论文以民事判决既判力为主线，从终局判决的效力出发，讨论既判力的历史沿革，并从理论与实证两个方面，对既判力的本质与作用进行研究。

In the dissertation, we propose a practical method of vehiclelogo location from coarse to fine. The approximate scope of vehiclelogo is first confirmed by preexistent knowledge, then its finer position is found by edge detection and morphology operators, and finally it is located precisely by relation match operator in a very small scope.

本文从人眼的视觉特性出发，提出了一种实用的从粗到精的车标定位算法，即先根据先验知识确定车标的大致范围，再运用图像处理中的边缘检测和形态算子确定较准确的车标位置，最后在极小的范围内用相关匹配算子得到车标的精确位置。

Therefore,a series studies of ice-pier vibration are performed from different aspects in this paper.The main work of this his thesis is summarized as follows:(1) Ice response spectra is proposed based on the idea of a seismic response spectra analysis of str .. uctures.Firstly,ice response spectra on the basis of power spectra density function is established;Secondly,based on the assumption of quadratic parabolic interpolation method,the nonlinear interpolation analysis method of ice response spectra is studied from both theoretical and practical points of view,and the successive computation formulas including ice displacement,velocity and acceleration response spectrum are deduced by Duhamel integral.Furthermore,to analyze the effectivity and applicability of the method, the real temporal curves of ice pressure are used to be studied.The results show that the presented method is more convenient and accurate to study the structural response induced by ice force,also it can be effectively applied in the design of ice resistance.

鉴于此，本文针对冰激桥墩结构振动问题从不同方面展开了一系列与之相关的研究，主要研究内容如下：(1)根据结构抗震反应分析思想提出了冰振反应谱，首先建立了基于功率谱密度函数的冰振反应谱；其次借鉴地震反应谱内插法的思想从理论和实际观点出发，假定在等距离微小时间间隔内冰荷载按二次抛物线规律变化，由Duhamel积分推导出冰振位移、速度以及加速度反应谱的一系列连锁公式，建立了基于非线性内插法的冰振反应谱，并利用实际冰压力时程曲线进行了冰振反应谱数值分析，为以后冰激结构振动的研究提供一种方便、简捷、精确的分析方法，也能够将其有效地应用到结构的抗冰计算中。

Based on twenty yearss research, Chen Lin developed the holistic processing hypothesis of Gestalt psychology into topology property perception theory, and thought of the human perception as a processing from holistic property to local property of perceptual object. From the viewpoint of Chen, a primitive and general function of the visual system is the perception of topological properties, and perceptual organization should be understood in the perspective of transformation and perception of invariance over transformation in the topological approach.

基于二十余年的研究积累，陈霖的拓扑性质知觉理论从格式塔心理学的整体加工思想出发，试图结合拓扑学的相关研究，对人类的知觉加工给出一个"大范围到局部"的说明，认为视觉系统的基本单元和一般功能是拓扑性质的知觉，知觉组织应当从变换和变换中的不变性知觉的角度进行理解。

In this topic, the dynamic analysis methods for piezoelectric vibrator are studied systematically based on the theoretical model, FEM numerical experimentation and FEM governing equation for given compound-mode vibrator, and some valuable conclusions are obtained. The main work accomplished is summarized as follows: 1.Elaborate the main modeling methods for piezoelectric vibrator and the significance and necessity to study the dynamic characteristics of piezoelectric vibrator which emphasize the urgency of this paper. 2.Take the bending deformation induced by piezoelectric ceramic as example, the energy transfer mechanism of electric energy to mechanical energy are analyzed; the motion and force transfer mechanism are analyzed for the longitudinal-bending vibrator. 3.Based on mode assumption and Hamilton principle, the coupling model of piezoelectric vibrator of linear USM is built; moreover, the equivalent circuit model is obtained and a coupling equation represents the relation between electric parameters and mechanical parameters is derived which provides foundation to match the vibrator and driving circuit. 4.Combine the constitutive equation of piezoelectric ceramic with elastic-dynamical equation, geometric equation in force field and the Maxwell equation in electric field and the corresponding boundary condition equation, the FEM control equation for piezoelectric vibrator of USM to solve dynamic electro-mechanical coupling field is established by employing the principle of virtual displacement. The equation lays the foundation to study the non-linear constitutive equation of piezoelectric ceramic driven by high-power. 5.Define the dynamic indexes of characteristic of vibrator and carry out variable parameters simulation by calculating the model parameters and the electric characteristics of vibrator are simulated according to the equivalent circuit model. By numerical experimentation, the working mode of vibration of vibrator and the shock excitation results of the working frequency band which provides the mode frequency to realize bimodal are analyzed. Detailed calculation of the electro-mechanical coupling field parameters is made by programming the FEM control equation.

本课题从理论模型、有限元数值试验、有限元控制模型等方面以复合振动模式振子为例对超声电机压电振子的动力学特性及其分析方法进行了全面系统地研究，得出了许多有价值的结论，主要概括如下： 1、阐述了目前针对超声电机压电振子的主要建模方法，对压电振子动态特性的研究意义和必要性进行了论述，突出了本文研究内容的迫切性； 2、以压电陶瓷诱发弹性体发生弯曲变形为例，分析了压电陶瓷通过诱发应变来实现机电能量转换的机理；对基于纵弯模式的压电振子的运动及动力传递机理进行了分析； 3、基于模态假定，利用分析动力学的Hamilton原理，建立了面向直线超声电机压电振子的机电耦合动力学模型，并据此建立了压电振子的等效电路模型，导出了电参量与动力学特性参量的耦合方程，为压电振子与驱动电路的匹配提供了依据； 4、从压电陶瓷的本构方程出发，综合力场的弹性动力学方程、几何方程、电场的麦克斯韦方程以及相应的边界条件方程，采用虚位移原理，建立了压电振子动态问题机电耦合场求解的有限元控制方程，为研究其大功率驱动下的非线性本构模型奠定了基础； 5、界定压电振子的动力学特性指标，对压电振子的机电耦合动力学模型参数进行计算及变参数仿真；依据等效电路模型，对压电振子的电学特性进行了仿真分析；通过有限元数值实验，对压电振子工作模态附近的模态振型及工作频率附近的频段进行了激振效果分析，找出了实现模态简并的激振频率；利用有限元控制方程，通过编程计算，对压电振子的力电耦合场参数进行了详细计算，得出了一些有价值的结论。

China deliciosus deliciosus Museum for display of Chinese history and the development of the industry, promote Chinese culture has a long deliciosus of great practical significance 1, deliciosus ----- deliciosus Science Museum Science Museum is a museum Core deliciosus, where the soul from the scientific point of view, to the universal audience deliciosus knowledge, deliciosus is rich in value, is a gift of nature The treasure of humanity, from a scientific point of view, the adoption of specimens, models, three-dimensional landscape, pictures, videos, interactive multi-media technology to display the way to create a lively, and the pro-intellectual context, so that viewers feel lovely natural life, Alas .

中国菇菌博物馆对于展示中国菇菌行业的发展历史、弘扬中国悠久的菇菌文化具有重要的现实意义 1、菇菌科学馆-----菇菌科学馆是整个菇菌博物馆的核心、灵魂所在，从科普的角度，向观众普及菇菌的知识，菇菌有着丰富的利用价值，是大自然赐予人类的瑰宝，从科学的角度出发，通过标本、模型、立体造景、图片、影片、多媒体技术等互动展示手法，营造了一个生动、亲和的知性情境，让观众感受自然生命可爱、可叹之处。

In the United States, chronic alcoholism and hepatitis C are the most common ones.

在美国，慢性酒精中毒，肝炎是最常见的。

If you have any questions, you can contact me anytime.

如果有任何问题，你可以随时联系我。