介词

This chapter starts with the determination of primary sense of under. Then it focuses on how its spatial senses are extended from the central image schema to its transformations by metonymy. Next, this part also focuses on how its metaphorical senses are extended in terms of the central image schema and transformations by metaphor. In these analyses, this thesis summarizes four kinds of relations: the relation of UP-DOWN, the relation of HIGH-LOW, COVERING relation or the relation of IN-OUT and the relation of SOURCE-PATH-GOAL. Lots of metaphorical senses of under are derived from these basic spatial relations. In this thesis, the relations between the senses derived from central image schema and those derived from its transformations are explored at length. The relations between the spatial senses derived from central image schema and transformations and the metaphorical senses derived from them are also explored at length. The above analyses demonstrate that the sense extension of the spatial preposition is motivated by image schema, which also provides the root for metonymic and metaphorical extension. The semantic network of under is diagramed finally.

论文首先确定了under的首要意义；然后集中探讨了它的空间意义如何从中心意象图式，通过转喻形成许多变体，从而得以延伸；接着分析了它的隐喻意义如何从中心意象图式及其变体通过隐喻而得以延伸，在此分析中，本论文总结了四种关系：上—下关系﹑高—低关系﹑覆盖关系或里—外关系和起点—路径—目标关系，under的很多隐喻意义源于这些基本的空间关系；本论文还对源于中心意象图式的空间意义与源于其变体的空间意义的关系进行了详细的剖析；对源于中心意象图式与其变体的空间意义及其延伸的隐喻意义之间的关系，也同样进行了详细的剖析；通过分析论证了，意象图式是空间介词义项扩展的源泉，同时也为转喻和隐喻提供了基础；最后得出under的语义网络。

According to traditional canons of usage,the verb center may be freely used with the prepositions on, upon, in, or at; but its use with around is excoriated as .ungrammatical,..

根据传统用法，动词 center 可以和介词 on，upon，in 或 at 自由连用；但它和 around 连用却被严厉指责为。

Are the italicized words correct in these sentences ?

判断以下斜体部分的介词使用是否恰当。

I languished in 49th in my class.

注意这个词和介词的搭配。

The president was mistrusted by the leaders of the two most powerful political parties in the country.

leaders后接一个较长的作定语的介词短语，如果改用主动语态来表达，就会头重脚轻。

The president was mistrusted by the leaders of the two most powerful politicalparties in the country.

&leaders&后接一个较长的作定语的介词短语，如果改用主动语态来表达，就会头重脚轻。

From behind: Note the use of two preps together.

注意两个介词连用的情况。

Away she shimmed over the lawn ,up the path,up the steps, across the veranda, and into the porch.

英汉词类较为明显的差异有：英语使用动词较少，有很多动作体现在名词和介词等词类中，而汉语却大量使用动词。

Of, relating to, or being the case of a noun, pronoun, adjective, or participle that is the direct object of a verb or the object of certain prepositions.

宾格的有关充当一动词直接宾语或一介词的宾语的名词，代词，形容词，或小品词的情况

Other syntactic categories are Sentence, Determiner, Adjective, Pronoun, Verb, Auxiliary Verb, Prepositional Phrase, and Adverb.

其他类别的句子句法的限定词，形容词，代词，动词，助动词，介词短语和副词。

Do you know, i need you to come back

你知道吗，我需要你回来

Yang yinshu、Wang xiangsheng、Li decang,The first discovery of haemaphysalis conicinna.

1〕 杨银书，王祥生，李德昌。安徽省首次发现嗜群血蜱。