介绍

Firstly, we recall some notions and results about space theory, including Hausdorff space, Hausdorff distance between sets , Baires category about sets and convex set. Secondly, the semi-continuity, closure, compactness of set-valued maps are introduced in set-valued analysis. Finally, essential point, essential set and essential component are introduced.

其中，空间理论及凸集的基本知识介绍了Hausdorff空间、集合间的Hausdorff距离、集合的Baire分类、以及凸集等四个方面；集值分析部分主要介绍单值映射的半连续性以及集值映射的半连续性、闭性和紧性；本质点、本质集和本质连通区部分主要介绍了本质点、本质集和本质连通区等有关概念和性质。

The first chapter emphasizes on the background and process of urban community autonomy, the process is divided into three stages: the rise of community building, the reform of the management system and the autonomy practice of resident to introducing the community development in our country. The second chapter introduces the present condition of the community autonomy in changshou road. Including the organizational relation, the rule of the circulating and the development of NGOs. The third chapter deeply analyzes the problems to hider the development of community autonomy in the present stage in changshou road. The fourth Chapter gives some advice about the community autonomy to realize the real autonomy in our grass- roots society.

论文的引言部分对选题的缘起、目的、意义以及研究方法作了简要说明，同时也界定了文中涉及的一些重要的研究概念；正文的第一章主要是介绍我国城市社区转型的背景和进程，分社区建设的兴起、管理体制的改革、居委会自治实践三个阶段介绍了我国社区发展的主要历程；第二章主要是介绍了上海长寿路街道社区自治在组织体制，运行规则和民间组织发展等方面的发展现状；第三章作者对街道社区自治现阶段存在一些问题进行了深刻剖析；第四章是在分析问题的基础上对城市社区自治发展提出了一些可行的改进意见，希望能帮助我们的基层社会尽快实现真正的自治。

First chapter is the summary, mainly introduced the project basic survey; Second chapter for the dam site hydrology characteristic, introduced the Hubei -01 key project in the basin specially is nearby the dam site hydrometeorology survey; Third chapter for the key position and the storehouse district terrain geology condition, introduced explained the dam site specially is nearby the dam spool thread terrain geology condition; Fourth chapter for the key position building shaping and the hydrology computation, including determined key position the project rank, the building shaping, adjusts Hong to calculate, blows off the bottom hole cross section size drawing up with initially to draw up the key position scheme of arrangement; Fifth chapter draws up for the size with the dam body arrangement, including the shaping, the Liang section plane determination, the dam body dam base guards against infiltrates the draining water facility the arrangement and the dam body plane arrangement and the stress stable analysis computation; Sixth chapter for the flood discharge design, mainly is the top of dam detailing and the downriver disappears can design; Seventh chapter for blows off the building the design, mainly is to imports the building the detailing strobe arrangement and Kong Shen and the exportation disappears can the design; Eighth chapter pilots the system and the power plant workshop design for the power plant, mainly is directs the system and the power plant workshop design to the power plant; Ninth chapter is ground processing, including ground excavating, the cleaning up, solidifies the grouting, the curtain is in the milk and all that some processing measure.

第一章为综述，主要介绍了工程的基本概况；第二章为坝址水文特性，介绍了鄂-01枢纽工程所在流域特别是坝址附近的水文气象概况；第三章为枢纽及库区地形地质条件，介绍说明了坝址特别是坝轴线附近的地形地质条件；第四章为枢纽建筑物的选型及水文计算，包括确定枢纽的工程等级，建筑物选型，调洪演算，放空底孔断面尺寸的拟定和初步拟定枢纽布置方案；第五章为拱坝尺寸拟定和坝体布置，包括拱坝的选型、拱冠梁剖面的确定、坝体坝基防渗排水设施的布置及坝体的平面布置和应力稳定分析计算；第六章为泄洪的设计，主要是坝顶的细部设计和下游消能设计；第七章为放空建筑物的设计，主要是对进口建筑物的细部设计闸门布置及孔身和出口消能的设计；第八章为电站引水系统及电站厂房设计，主要是对电站引系统和电站厂房的设计；第九章为地基处理，包括地基的开挖，清理，固结灌浆，帷幕灌浆以及其他一些处理措施。

After the introduction to the features of the state-owned construction enterprises, the background of the sampled enterprise, and the theory of PRP, the thesis thoroughly dissertates the existing PRP solution in the sampled enterprise, and carefully studies on the inquisitional data and results, and then it is believed that the PRP is on the whole successfully executed in the sampled enterprise but still has some practical problems which can be settled by the proposed solutions.

在介绍了国有建筑企业的特点、案例企业的背景，介绍了PRP绩效薪酬理论后，论文详尽介绍了案例企业现行的项目经理绩效薪酬方案，并对调查的数据及结果进行了仔细的分析研究，从而评估该绩效薪酬方案在该企业中实施是成功的，但依然存在一些问题，对这些问题论文中提出了建议的解决方案。

Simultaneously the model of bipolar junction transistor and CMOS transistor and the basic circuit units such as current mirrors are briefly introduced; with the topology and model circuit ,the principle and feature of the CC are analyzed. The applications of the CC in the fields of the active network and signal process are synthesized.

首先介绍了模拟集成电路在当代社会中的重要性和集成电路研究的必要性，并简要地介绍了双极型晶体管和CMOS晶体管的模型结构以及几种电流镜电路的原理及性能；从电流传送器的拓扑结构入手，在给出其模型电路的基础上，介绍了电流传送器的工作原理。

It includes four parts: 1 Part I, it introduces the basic knowledge of computer viruses such as computer virus definition, history and important viruses events, features, behavior phenomena, difference with computer software and hardware troubles, damage behavior and capability, classification, naming, future trend, etc; 2 Part II, it introduces the corresponding knowledge of computer systems related to computer viruses such as the composing of software and hardware of the computer system, storage media and its working mechanism, interrupt technologies,.com/.exe/.pe file formats and their working mechanism, etc; 3 Part III, it introduces computer virus mechanism and theory such as computer virus structure, work flow, working mechanism of key modules, typical technologies used to design computer viruses including the corresponding traditional technologies (interrupt filching, memory resident, etc.), the corresponding new routine technologies (self-encrypting, Mutation Engine, etc.), and the corresponding new technologies used by some prevalence computer viruses such as macro viruses, e-mail viruses, worm, hacker, Trojan, mobile phone viruses, the working mechanism analysis of some kinds of typical and prevalence computer viruses such as file-type viruses, macro viruses, e-mail viruses, worm viruses, hacker, Trojan, mobile phone viruses, the analysis of some typical and prevalence computer viruses examples including BALL viruses, WORD macro viruses, WantJob viruses, Code Red viruses, BO Trojan, etc; 4 Part IV, it introduces the defense and killing technologies of computer viruses such as the aim and criterion of computer viruses defense and killing, prevention methods and corresponding technologies, detection technologies (comparison method, character code scanning method, behavior inspecting method, analysis method, etc.), manual and automatic killing technologies, immunity technologies such as IBM digital immunity system, new anti-viruses technology trends (real-time anti-viruses technologies, 32 kernel technologies, active kernel technologies, etc.), some typical virus defense and killing softwares (Symantec AntiVirus product, PC-Cillin AntiVirus product, etc.), the defense and killing method analysis of some kinds of typical and prevalence computer viruses (file-type viruses, macro viruses, worm viruses, hacker, etc.), for example, firewall and intrusion detection technologies for anti-hacker, the defense and killing of some typical and prevalence computer viruses examples including WORD macro viruses, Code Red viruses, BO Trojan, etc.

课程内容具体包括四大部分：1）第一部分，介绍计算机病毒基本知识，包括：计算机病毒定义、病毒发展史及重大事件、病毒特点、病毒表现现象及与软硬件故障的区别、病毒破坏行为及危害性、病毒的传播途径及媒介、病毒分类、病毒的命名及计算机病毒技术发展趋势等内容；2）第二部分，介绍与计算机病毒有关的计算机系统相关知识，包括：计算机系统软硬件组成、存储介质结构及工作原理、计算机系统引导机理及流程、中断技术、。com/。exe/。pe等文件格式及工作机理等内容；3）第三部分，讲解计算机病毒机理，包括：计算机病毒的组成结构、病毒工作流程、病毒引导/触发/感染/破坏等模块的工作机理、计算机病毒所采取的编制技术（包括中断窃取/内存驻留等传统编制技术、自加密/隐形/变形机等新的常规编制技术、宏病毒/电子邮件病毒/网络蠕虫/特洛伊木马/黑客/手机病毒等一些新的流行病毒所采取的编制技术等）、一些类型的典型或流行计算机病毒的工作机理分析（包括：引导型病毒、文件型病毒、宏病毒、电子邮件病毒、蠕虫病毒、黑客、特洛伊木马、手机病毒等）、一些典型或流行的计算机病毒实例剖析（包括：小球病毒、WORD宏病毒、求职信病毒、红色代码病毒、冰河木马等）等内容；4）第四部分，讲解计算机病毒防治技术，包括：计算机病毒防治目的、病毒防治策略及规范、病毒在管理和技术上的预防措施、病毒检查技术（包括：比较法/病毒特征码扫描法/行为监测法/虚拟执行法/分析法等）、手工和自动病毒清杀技术、病毒免疫技术（包括：针对某种一次性感染病毒的基于病毒标签的免疫方法/基于自我完整性检查的计算机病毒免疫方法/IBM的数字免疫系统等）、反病毒技术的新发展（包括：实时反病毒技术/32位内核技术/主动内核技术/以毒攻毒技术等）、诺顿/趋势/金山等公司的病毒防治软件产品、一些类型的典型或流行的计算机病毒（包括：引导型病毒、文件型病毒、宏病毒、蠕虫病毒、电子邮件病毒、手机病毒、黑客、特洛伊木马）的防治措施（其中，也包括介绍面向防范黑客攻击的防火墙、入侵检测技术）、一些典型或流行的计算机病毒防治实例剖析（包括：WORD宏病毒、红色代码病毒、冰河木马v1.1/v2.2等）、多层次病毒防护体系等内容。

So the business enterprise want value product of quality, but product quality usually from several what quality index sign influence, so this text define the quality of product first, quality for modern business enterprise of importance degree, and influence quality of factor, and the content and quality of quality of future carried on introduction; And then combine introduction impact factor of product quality, and point out to will have several quality index sign influence product in actually of the production of quality, and of quality index sign would also mutual influence, thus the derivation diverse mass defect model, and introduction it of function.

所以企业要重视产品的质量，而产品质量通常是多个质量指标所影响的，所以本文首先对产品的质量的定义，质量对于现代企业的重要程度，以及影响质量的因素，以及质量的内涵和质量的特性等进行了介绍；而后并介绍了产品质量的影响因素，并指出在实际的生产中会有多个质量指标影响产品的质量，并且质量指标之间也会互相影响，从而引出多元质量损失模型，并介绍了它的作用。

This article consists of four parts: In the first part of thesis introduced Heisenberg's early years of life and the creation of Matrix mechanics, expounded Münich、G?ttingen,Copenhagen, three places different academic atmosphere which produce to Heisenberg's institute of physics, and revealed how to set up Matrix mechanics by mathematics method; The second part introduce Schr?dinger's university life, the research results, and the establishment of Wave mechanics. The different academic atmosphere of Vienna and Zürich have the difference influence which brings to Schr?dinger's research work, how to establishment the Schr?dinger equation based on Hamilton equation of classical mechanics, and elaborated the physical controversy caused by the equivalent.; The third part analyzed two mechanics different approaches in which the way to propose the question and solve the question; The last part recommend the different philosophy interpretations, Schr?dinger's interpretation onΨfunction, the statistical interpretation of Wave mechanics, uncertainty principle, and which caused this free discussion of quantum mechanics.

文章共分为四部分：第一部分介绍了海森伯的早年生活及其创立矩阵力学的过程，阐明了慕尼黑、哥廷根、哥本哈根三地不同的学术氛围对海森伯的物理研究所产生的不同作用，并揭示了海森伯如何用数学方法建立矩阵力学方程的过程；第二部分介绍了薛定谔的大学生活、研究成果，以及波动力学的创立过程，说明了维也纳和苏黎世不同的学术气氛给薛定谔的研究工作带来的不同影响，解释了薛定谔以经典哈密顿方程为基础建立薛定谔方程的过程，并阐述了等价性所引起的物理争论；第三部分分析了两种力学的思想进路在提出问题、解决问题上的不同；最后一部分介绍了对两种力学形式不同的哲学诠释，薛定谔对Ψ函数的诠释、波函数的统计解释和测不准原理，以及由此引起的量子力学的大讨论。

The abstract result contains several concrete results in the literature and can also be used to deal with some new cases for resonant differential equations.In the introduction, we briefly introduce the development process of the variational methods. In Chapter 2, we list some basic knowledges refering to the variational methods, including the Sobobev space,—△ operator, the weak solution and the minimizing sequence methods and some minimax theorems. In Chapter 3, we introduce the research process of Hamiltonian system of second order and the semilinear elliptic problems, using the methods introduced previously. In Chapter 4, we prove the main theorem of the thesis, and apply it to the problems in the previous Chapter, and can also be applied to some new resonant cases.

在前言中，简要介绍了变分法的产生、发展过程，在第二章中我们介绍了有关变分法的一些基本知识，包括Sobolev空间，—△算子，弱解，极小化序列方法和一些极小极大定理，在第三章中我们介绍了非线性项有界或满足次线性条件，以及它满足推广的Ahmad-Lazer-Paul条件时，二阶Hamiltonian系统和半线性椭圆问题的研究历程，最后在第四章中我们证明了本论文的主要定理，并把它应用到第三章的问题中，使得前面的几种共振的情形都可以统一到这个抽象的结果中。

William Muirhead's Universal Geography was published by London Missionary Society Mission Press in 1853 - 1854. As a first Western geographical encyclopaedia of Chinese edition, it systematically introduced geology, physical and human geography, regional geography, and also provided some basic knowledge of climatology, hydrology and ethnology to the Chinese.

作为第一部中文版的西方地理学百科全书，该书较为系统地向中国人介绍地质、自然地理、人文地理、区域地理的知识，也介绍了气候学、水文学和人种学的一些基本知识，其中"地史论"较早详细地介绍了荷马、希罗多德、马可·波罗、洪堡等一些西方著名的地理学家。

The absorption and distribution of chromium were studied in ryeusing nutrient culture technique and pot experiment.

采用不同浓度K2CrO4(0，0.4，0.8和1.2 mmol/L)的Hoagland营养液处理黑麦幼苗，测定铬在黑麦体内的亚细胞分布、铬化学形态及不同部位的积累。

By analyzing theory foundation of mathematical morphology in the digital image processing, researching morphology arithmetic of the binary Image, discussing two basic forms for the least structure element: dilation and erosion.

通过分析数学形态学在图像中的理论基础，研究二值图像的形态分析算法，探讨最小结构元素的两种基本形态：膨胀和腐蚀；分析了数学形态学复杂算法的基本原理，把数学形态学的部分并行处理理念引入到家实际应用中。