人身保护

Terms to know: Habeas Corpus Emancipation Emancipation Proclamation Fort Sumter Confederacy Union Thirteenth Amendment Ironclad ships Harper's Ferry Secession Trent Affair Conscription Uncle Tom's Cabin Battles to know: Gettysburg Shiloh Bull Run Antietam Vicksburg Chancellorsville Concepts to know Resources of Union start of war Resources of he Confederates start of war Anaconda Plan Concept of "Total War" Causes of the War Acts of protest before and during the war Lincoln's main reason for war How war affected the economy of the Confederacy How war affected the economy of the Union Other: Andersonville Fort Pillow Appomattox Court House Gettysburg Address Battlefield Medicine

条款知道：人身保护令解放解放宣言桑特堡邦联联盟第十三条修正案铁船哈珀的渡轮分裂国家特伦特事件征兵汤姆叔叔的小屋战斗知道：葛底斯堡希洛牛市安蒂特姆维克斯堡钱概念知道资源的联盟开始的战争资源Confederates开始他的战争蟒蛇计划观念的"总体战"原因战争抗议行动之前和战争期间林肯的主要原因战争如何受战争影响的经济邦联如何受战争影响的经济联盟其他：安德森维尔堡枕头阿波马托克斯法院大楼葛底斯堡演说战地医学

C. 10. if any person be restrained of his liberty by order of decree of any illegal court, or by command of the king's majesty in person, or by warrant of the council board, or of any of the privy council; he shall, upon demand of his counsel, have a writ of habeas corpus, to bring his body before the court of king's bench or common pleas; who shall determine whether the cause of his commitment be just, and thereupon do as to justice shall appertain.

根据另一条国会法律档案）如果任何人被任何非法法庭的法令，或者国王本人的指令，或者国王顾问团或任何私下的顾问团的授权，而被限制自由；他应当——在他的律师的建议下——获得一份人身保护令，从而出席王室法庭或共同上诉法庭；在这两个法庭上按照正义所要求的那样来裁决他的行为的原因是否正当。

This is a severe contravention of the writ of habeas corpus and a basic violation of due process, justice and the rule of law.

这样的作法已严重违反了司法的程序正义和人身保护令状的法律规定。

And by 31 Car. II. c. 2. commonly called the habeas corpus act, the methods of obtaining this writ are so plainly pointed out and enforced, that, so long as this statute remains unimpeached, no subject of England can be long detained in prison, except in those cases in which the law requires and justifies such detainer.

通过查理二世第31年法案第二章，通常称之为《人身保护法案》，获得保护令的方法如此清楚的加以规定并强制实行，以致，只要这部法案继续有效，任何英格兰的臣民都不得被长期监禁，除了那些依法律要求并能证明这种监禁为正当的情况。

III. c. 2. commonly called the habeas corpus act, the methods of obtaining this writ are so plainly pointed out and enforced, that, so long as this statute remains unimpeached, no subject of England can be long detained in prison, except in those cases in which the law requires and justifies such detainer.

通过通常称之为《人身保护法案》，获得保护令的方法如此清楚的加以规定并强制实行，以致，只要这部法案继续有效，任何英格兰的臣民都不得被长期监禁，除了那些依法律要求并能证明这种监禁为正当的情况。

It shall be enjoyed in the most free, easy, inexpensive, expeditious and ample manner.

要确保权利人以最自由、舒适、便宜、迅速和充分的方式享有人身保护的权利。

We have the Habeas Corpus Act and we respect it.

我们有人身保护法案，而且我们尊重它。

WHEN discussing habeas corpus or the "Great Writ of Liberty", as the most revered legal device of the Anglophone world is often known, jurists and civil libertarians tend to become misty-eyed. In 1777 Charles James Fox, a radical British politician, described habeas corpus during a parliamentary debate on its suspension as "the great palladium of the liberties of the subject" and deplored the "insolence and temerity" of those "who could thus dare to snatch it from the people".

"人身保护令"或者"人身自由法令"通常被认为是英语国家最令人敬畏的法律措施，谈到它，法学家和公民自由主义者就会唏嘘不已。1777年，激进的英国政治家Charles James Fox在一场关于中止人身保护令的议会辩论中，将人身保护令描绘为国民自由的守护神，并厉声谴责那些胆敢从人民手中将其夺走的鲁莽傲慢之人。

II. c. 2.(that second magna carta, and stable bulwark of our liberties) it is enacted, that no subject of this realm, who is an inhabitant of England, Wales, or Berwick, shall be sent prisoner into Scotland, Ireland, Jersey, Guernsey, or places beyond the seas;(where they cannot have the benefit and protection of the common law) but that all such imprisonments shall be illegal; that the person, who shall dare to commit another contrary to this law, shall be disabled from bearing any office, shall incur the penalty of a praemunire , and be incapable of receiving the king's pardon: and the party suffering shall also have his private action against the person committing, and all his aiders, advisers and abettors, and shall recover treble costs; besides his damages, which no jury shall assess at less than five hundred pounds.

并且，通过人身保护法案，查理二世第31年法案第二章（可以称之为第二部大宪章，我们的自由的稳定的防波堤）规定：本王国内的臣民，即英格兰，威尔士或贝瑞克（Berwick，以前属于苏格兰的郡；联合王国存在三种虽相近然而彼此独立有所区别的法律系统：英格兰，苏格兰和北爱尔兰法律系统，因而这部著作名"the laws of England"译成"英格兰法律"才恰当）的居民，不得将被监禁者遣送至苏格兰，爱尔兰，泽西，格恩西，或海外任何地方；（被监禁者在这些地方不能得到共同法的保护和利益）这样的监禁均为非法；任何人，若胆敢违背这部法律行事，应当取消担当任何公职的资格，应当得到警告，并且不能获得国王的宽恕：遭受监禁的人，可以起诉监禁者和他的协助者，他的建议者和教唆者，并获得损失的三倍补偿；此外，审判团对他的损失的评估，不得低于五百英镑。

II. c. 2.(that second magna carta, and stable bulwark of our liberties) it is enacted, that no subject of this realm, who is an inhabitant of England, Wales, or Berwick, shall be sent prisoner into Scotland, Ireland, Jersey, Guernsey, or places beyond the seas;(where they cannot have the benefit and protection of the common law) but that all such imprisonments shall be illegal; that the person, who shall dare to commit another contrary to this law, shall be disabled from bearing any office, shall incur the penalty of a praemunire , and be incapable of receiving the king's pardon: and the party suffering shall also have his private action against the person committing, and all his aiders, advisers and abettors, and shall recover treble costs; besides his damages, which no jury shall assess at less than five hundred pounds.

并且，通过人身保护法案，查理二世第31年法案第二章（可以称之为第二部大宪章，我们的自由的稳定的防波堤）规定：本王国内的臣民，即英格兰，威尔士或贝瑞克（Berwick，以前属于苏格兰的郡；联合王国存在三种虽相近然而彼此独立有所区别的法律系统：英格兰，苏格兰和北爱尔兰法律系统，因而这部著作名&the laws of England&译成&英格兰法律&才恰当）的居民，不得将被监禁者遣送至苏格兰，爱尔兰，泽西，格恩西，或海外任何地方；（被监禁者在这些地方不能得到共同法的保护和利益）这样的监禁均为非法；任何人，若胆敢违背这部法律行事，应当取消担当任何公职的资格，应当得到警告，并且不能获得国王的宽恕：遭受监禁的人，可以起诉监禁者和他的协助者，他的建议者和教唆者，并获得损失的三倍补偿；此外，审判团对他的损失的评估，不得低于五百英镑。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。