人类生物学

If Charles Darwin is the father of modern biology, then the father of modern intelligence testing is his cousin, Francis Galton – statistician, polymath and founder of eugenics. In 1884, he set up an "anthropometric laboratory" at the International Health Exhibition in London, and measured, among other things, the reaction times, eyesight, colour sensitivity and steadiness of hand of more than 9,000 men and women as he looked for links between their physical and mental characteristics.

如果说查尔斯·达尔文是现代生物学之父，那么现代智力测试之父就是他的外甥弗朗西斯·高尔顿——统计学家、博学家和优生学的奠基人。1884年，他在伦敦的国际健康展会上建立了一个"人类测量实验室"，为探索人类的身体和智力特征之间的联系，他对9000多名男性和女性测量反应时间、视力、色感和手的稳定性，以及其它项目。

Perhaps my mom thought that I would inherently understand the historical and biological context connecting Harriet Tubman and me and conclude that the captivity of humans by humans was evil.

也许我妈妈认为，我生来就懂得有关 Harriet Tubman 与我的历史的和生物学的背景，并得出结论，人类囚禁人类是罪恶的。

The journal covers abstracts of the world's literature on insects and other arthropods which transmit diseases or are otherwise injurious to man and to animals of significance to man, with subject on arthopods which are disease vendors, haematophagous, ectoparasitic, agents of myiasis, allergenic, associated with carrion or dung, venomous or toxic, or otherwise of public health importance, including physiology, taxonomy, ecology, genetics, molecular biology, immunology, disease transmission pest management, pesticides, entomopathogens, parasites and predators.

杂志刊载世界各地传播疾病或对于人类重要的其他对人类和动物有害的疾病的昆虫和节肢动物方面文献的摘要，主题涉及传播疾病的，吸血的，外寄生的，蝇蛆病的媒介，引起过敏的，以及腐肉，粪便，有毒的节肢动物，或其他的与公共卫生有重要关系的方面内容，包括生理学，分类学，生态学，遗传学，分子生物学，免疫学，疾病传播昆虫的管理，杀虫剂，昆虫病原微生物，寄生虫和食肉动物。

It is said that man is the least biologically determined species of all because he possesses features absent in other natural species.

据说人类是生物学上最难归类的物种，因为人类拥有其他天然物种所缺乏的特性。

As the development of new Darwinism in gene level, sociobiology tries to interpret the human social life and behavior with gene evolution theory.

作为达尔文主义在分子生物学水平上的新进展，社会生物学用基因进化理论来解释人类行为及社会生活。

So sociobiology attempts to probe into the biological origin of human nature structure. It sets the final goal as giving explanation and forecast of human behavior and history development in gene level.

因而社会生物学力图探寻人性结构的生物学根源，并以最终能够在基因的水平上解释和预测人类行为乃至整个历史走向为最终目标。

Sociobiology believes that the purpose of all living things is to project their genes into future generations. Human beings has developed splendid civilization, but as one of the species of living creatures, human beings still can not transcend his own biological purpose.

社会生物学相信一切生物的存在都是为了促进产生它的基因的生存与复制，发展出高度文化的人类作为一种生物同样不能超越自身的生物学目的。

The paper ,with the standpoint of biology and other knowledge related with molecular biology , physiology and brain science objectivily and reasoningly studies and analyses the reason of homosexuality phenomena which is ubiquitous but making lots of people not understand .

本文旨在用现代生物学的视角，联系生理学、分子生物学、大脑科学等相关知识，用进化适应的观点，本着存在、发展、变化的逻辑，以比较理性的方式来理解和分析人类社会以及整个生物界普遍存在但却另大多数人很难理解的同性恋现象的成因问题。

Furthermore, preliminary work also performed to examine whether PI3K/AKT signal transduction pathway was activated in the process of refractory leukemia development. Materials and methods An immortalized human bone marrow stromal cell line, HS-5, was introduced to establish a bi-phase culture system for the cultivation of B-lineage precursor leukemia cells. ELISA and RT-PCR were used to investigate the expression of VEGF and its receptors in the leukemia cell lines and primary childhood leukemia cells in different treated groups. Flow cytometory method and immunofluorescent staining were employed to examine the apoptosis signals both in the VP16 treated and untreated leukemia cells. Western blot was utilized to explore the PI3K/AKT activated status in the drug induced or uninduced leukemia cells and lymphocytes from healthy donors.

材料和方法使用来源于人类骨髓基质细胞的细胞株HS-5作为滋养层细胞进行急性淋巴细胞性白血病细胞的体外培养，通过细胞生物学和免疫学方法评估培养体系并鉴定出难治性白血病细胞克隆；以ELISA和RT-PCR方法检测急性白血病细胞株和患儿白血病细胞VEGF及其受体的表达，了解不同治疗阶段VEGF及其受体的表达状况，并结合临床指标进行分析，明确VEGF及其受体在白血病发生过程中的作用；流式细胞仪和免疫荧光染色法对正常健康儿童、初发白血病患儿、复发白血病患儿及缓解后患儿进行凋亡因子检测和分析，初步阐明难治性白血病抗凋亡形成的原因；蛋白印记分析检测PI3K/AKT信号传导通路在健康儿童、初发白血病和复发白血病患儿的表达，初步了解难治性白血病形成的分子生物学机制。

The Bioastronautics and Fundamental Space Biology Postdoctoral Research Program, managed by the DSLS, aims to provide two-year, mentored postdoctoral research opportunities in diverse areas of space life sciences at several field center, including human support technology program, biomedical research and countermeasures program, fundamental space biology program.

太空医学和基本空间生物学博士后研究计划是由DSLS发起，目的是提供两年的由导师指导的博士后在几个NASA领域中心开展的，涉及空间生命科学各个领域的研究机会，研究方向包括人类支持技术，生物医学研究和反措施，基本空间生物学计划。

I will endeavour to find you some assistance.

我尽力帮你找人帮忙。

At first I only know bruck is the idol of American younglings, afterwards I returned back to Taiwan ,even in Beijing last year ,I saw her poster everywhere, I was so surprised at her charm.

起初我只晓得布鲁克雷德丝是美国少男少女崇拜的偶像，后来回台湾，甚至去年在北京，居然也四处看见她的海报，才惊讶她的魅力之大。