人类学的

George Thomas Staunton's legend China experiences is one of British overseas colonizes exploration representative personages in 19th century initial period, this thesis penetrates to the description of his biography key activities, besides the supplement formerly Chinese scholar's insufficiency which studied about him, the author hoped take him as an example, further contacted some more important fields, like Europeans outside the territory exploration, philosophical history, the British free trade ideological trend and East India Company, the British views on China after Macartney Embassy, the Orientalism, the anthropology research, the China and the West culture impact and so on questions, hoped could evoke more discussions.

斯当东传奇性的中国经历是19世纪初期英国海外殖民探险的代表人物之一，本论文透过对其生平重要活动的描绘，除补遗先前中文学界对此人研究的缺漏外，笔者希望以其为例，进一步触及较重要的层面，如欧人域外探险、「历史哲学」史观、英国自由贸易思潮与东印度公司、马戛尔尼使团后英人的中国意象、东方主义、人类学研究、中西文化冲击等问题，希能引发学界更多的讨论。

While if we are emphasizing,countryside teachs course of study of teachers training school property, take seriously from sociological, anthropologic the communal sex problem that waits for a perspective to discuss rustic teacher, so, the new form that we can discover to the rustic teacher transmission to knowledge, discovery, creation and society are affected, also make the connotation of rustic teacher more rich thereby, such ability reveals the at the country important sense of rustic teacher, ability makes much appearance of form of rustic teacher development colorful, the society that finish is ideal, enjoy life happiness.

假如我们在强调乡村教师专业性质的同时，重视从社会学、人类学等视角探索乡村教师的公共性新问题，那么，我们就会发现乡村教师对知识的传播、发现、创造和社会影响的新形式，从而也使乡村教师的内涵更加丰富，如此才能彰显乡村教师之于农村的重要意义，才能使乡村教师发展形式多姿多彩，完成社会理想，享受人生幸福。

When researching into black-clothed Zhuang in aesthetic anthropology perspective, researchers should start from the angle of the god's culture, or its myth mechanism, to achieve a comprehensive and in-depth grasp of the internal guidance and overall structure of its culture, so as to better reveal the fundamental and special rule of its aesthetics and artistic production and development.

在对黑衣壮进行审美人类学研究时，研究者应该从其关于神的文化考察分析出发，也就是从其神话机制的考察分析出发，全面深入地把握其文化的内在制导因素及其结构整体，如此才能更好地揭示其中的审美和艺术产生和发展的根本而特殊的规律。

A completely-new artistic philosophy system of symbolism is built by Susanne Langer, who mixes logic symbolism of A 〓 Whitehead and mankind culture symbolism of E 〓 Cassirer, also critically assimilates ideological cream of Bergson 、 Croce、 Collingwood, Bell, and other philosophers and aesthetes, derives the newest achievements of contemporary biology, physiology, biochemistry, zoology, anthropology, psychology, and other natural sciences and humane studies, which carries the researches in symbolism to a higher plane.

她融合了怀特海的逻辑符号论和卡西尔的人类文化符号论，又批判性地接受了柏格森、克罗齐、科林伍德、贝尔等哲学家、美学家的思想精华，汲纳了当代生物学、生理学、生物化学、动物学、人类学、心理学等自然科学与人文科学的最新成果，构筑了一个全新的符号论艺术哲学体系，将符号学研究推进到了一个新的高度。

The author in this paper systematically analyzes the burial custom of the Zangs through trying out the theories and methods of cultural anthropology from the national cultural background and burial custom's social functions of th e Zangs,and makes an explanation on the national cultural background of burial c ustom's production and development of the Zangs and summs up the social function s of burial custom from the angle of ecological environment,Bonism,Buddhism and Han culture.

本文试用文化人类学整体观这一理论方法，从藏族特有的民族文化背景和葬俗的社会功能两个方面，对藏族的丧葬习俗进行较为系统的分析。本文将从生态环境、本教、佛教和汉文化等四种文化角度探入来解读藏族丧葬习俗产生并发展所依托的民族文化背景，归结出藏族丧葬习俗所承载的四项主要社会功能。

Theactivities of SEA were quite successful,and finally pacified the debatebetween sustantivists and formalists starting from the 60s.The economicanthropology expanded its research scope to all aspects of the study ofhuman behavior and institutions,and thus embarking on a broad road.Formalists,substantivists,economic historians,ethnohistorians andeconomists,and all others interested in the study were welcome.

SEA的活动相当成功，也最终使60年代以来的&形式&与&实在&之争渐渐平息，美国经济人类学开始走上了向&广义&发展的道路：所有关于人类经济行为和制度的研究都被视为属于学科的研究范畴，不论是形式主义者、实在主义者、考古学者、民族志研究者还是经济学家、经济史学家、经济地理学家的有关研究成果都受到欢迎。

In this dissertation, starting from commercial change of Lintan County as a subject, using field investigations and case interviews of sociology as main methods combined to related theories and methods of economy, ethnology and anthropology, conducting a deep study of business change of Lintan Hui's merchants as well as it's spirit, in order to making up the blank of this study field.

本文以临潭回族的商业变迁为研究课题，以社会学的田野调查和个案访谈为主要手段，结合经济学、民族学、人类学和人口学的相关理论和方法，对20世纪以来临潭回族的商业结构变迁、商业类型变迁以及临潭回商精神作了较为深入的研究，以期弥补这一领域研究的空白。

Peacock and theory of Talcott Parsons, the Latent Pattern-Maintenance（Cultural-Motivational System） of the AGIL schema.

Peacock所强调的&整体论&和Talcott Parsons所提出的AGIL理论之一的潜在模式维持的概念，采用了人类学、社会学、土壤学、社会心理学、传播学理论及其研究法解释支持捡骨重葬行为背后的死的传统理念模式。

It was learned that German and other foreign diplomats were among the chief customers of the Bureau of Indian Affairs for the purchase of publications dealing with Indian tribes, but it was decided that even if Navajo books were in enemy hands it would be virtually impossible for the enemy to gain a working knowledge of the language from that meager information.

当时，德国人以艺术和人类学科考等名义从事印第安方言的研究。据说来自德国和其他国家的外交官是从内务部印第安事务处购买关于印第安部落出版物的主要客户，但是美方确信即使敌人掌握了这些关于纳瓦霍部落的书籍也无法从那样海量的信息里获得任何关于纳瓦霍语的奥秘。

Found in February 2002 in a cave where bears hibernated in the Carpathian mountains in southwest Romania, the jaw was radiocarbon dated by a team led by Erik Trinkaus, an anthropology professor at Washington University in Saint Louis, Missouri.

这块化石，是2002年二月的时候，科考人员在罗马尼亚西南部一个熊用来冬眠的山洞里发现的。来自密素里州的圣路易华盛顿大学的人类学教授， Erik Trinkaus 带领他的同事们对这块颌骨化石进行了放射测定。确定了它存在的日期。

On the other hand, the more important thing is because the urban housing is a kind of heterogeneity products.

另一方面，更重要的是由于城市住房是一种异质性产品。

Climate histogram is the fall that collects place measure calm value, cent serves as cross axle for a few equal interval, the area that the frequency that the value appears according to place is accumulated and becomes will be determined inside each interval, discharge the graph that rise with post, also be called histogram.

气候直方图是将所收集的降水量测定值，分为几个相等的区间作为横轴，并将各区间内所测定值依所出现的次数累积而成的面积，用柱子排起来的图形，也叫做柱状图。