人类学的

It's a new research into aboriginality of folk religion in South-East China by a cross-nation-culture beyond Han-nationality's view. The brightness of the article is distinguishing the basic culture of abrigines and the superculture of Han immigrants, and finding the transitional history from aboriginal religion to folk religion in South-East China by the co-research of archeology, history, folklore and anthropology.

东南民间信仰土著性问题的提出突破了汉文化一统演化论的视野，从跨文化的角度考察民间信仰文化，通过考古学、历史学、民俗学、人类学的整合研究，在纷繁复杂的东南民间信仰文化中区分土著越人的基层文化与客来汉人的上层文化，追溯从土著的"万物有灵"和"好巫尚鬼"到东南"汉"人复杂多样的自然崇拜和发达的"救生"神灵的历史过程，理顺其传承与变迁，构建从土著越人原始宗教到东南"汉人"民间信仰历史发展的知识框架。

Almost all anthropology schools have their own unique understanding and cognitional angle to the witchcraft, so the development of anthropology research can be reflected in the witchcraft study.

巫术研究一直是人类学研究中的一个重要领域，几乎所有的人类学流派都对巫术有着独特的理解和认知角度，人类学研究的发展自然也会在巫术研究中有所反映。

Biological anthropology, of evolutionism--bionomics and the anthropology on zoology determined by either religion or human nature; another category is the anthropology on indeterminism, including the anthropology on fortuitism and statistics .they all come out with some part of the truth on human issue which they have seen, and at least they reveal some actually existent facts in human's birth, existence and development, so they all hold their own opinion and do not come to terms.

面对五颜六色的人类学观点，我们可以把它们分为两大类，一类是决定论的人类学，它包括或文化决定、或经济决定、或英雄决定的社会人类学，进化论-生态学的生物学人类学，以及或宗教决定或人性决定的精神学的人类学；第二类是非决定论的人类学，它包括偶然论人类学和统计学人类学。

Compared with that anthropology on determinism, the anthropology on indeterminism seems to find a new world, where determinism is just exists.

面对这些决定论人类学，非决定论人类学似乎更胜一筹地发现了一片新大陆，而那种种决定论人类学正好生活在它发现的这片绿洲上。

The following talks including investigation methods, development patterns, interethnic societies and the impact of Han language on the minorities.

人类学本土化与田野调查——元江调查四人谈●胡鸿保周星刘援朝陈丁昆／著田野调查一向是人类学家们看重的研究方法，在中国人类学高度发展的今天，由于人类学本土化的需要，田野调查的作用愈来愈重要。

Literature is anthropologic hold anthropologic with intellectual globalization, hind the relation of contemporary epistemological, from anthropologic the interaction with literature have sth in mind of this new point of view, appear separate out power of thinking of the Fan Shige that idea of creation of 20 centuries literature changes to study with literature's new important science.

概要： 文学人类学把握住人类学和知识全球化、后现代熟悉论的关系，从人类学和文学的相互功能这个新角度着眼，透析出20世纪文学创作观念变革和文学探究的范式革新的一个重要学术思想动力。

Finally, on the basis of the analysis of its inherit function of maternal culture and the reason for lasting for a long time, the study reflects the influence on the deconstruction of value judgment of esteeming men above women and the educational value for the harmonious society construction.Through the research, the author draws the conclusions as following:First, the maternal culture is a kind of "esteeming mother" custom, which coexists with traditional fatherhood culture. The custom represents in the daily life as esteeming mother in piety activities, living in the wife\'s family, vulvae worship and so on in the Bai region.Second, the maternal culture implements and regulates the fatherhood culture and forms a dualistic ethic structure.

笔者首先调查了本主圣诞、观音会、绕三灵和朝山歌会等莲池会的重要活动，梳理其祭祀的神祗和经文的类型，考察了各类人群对莲池会活动的态度和看法；然后，借鉴人类学的结构功能主义和女性主义的社会性别建构理论分析莲池会在白族农村地区所发挥的道德教育功能，探讨了白族文化中&父性—母性&二元伦理结构及其作用方式；继而，分析莲池会对白族母性文化的传承功能及其在白族地区长期存在的历史原因；最后，思考白族母性文化的道德教育功能对消解汉族农村&重男轻女&价值观与构建和谐社会的教育价值。

Some economicanthropologists with economic background,especially formalists,advocatedthat the methodology of economics should be comprehensively andsystematically brought into the study of economic anthropology.

近年来，美国经济人类学的研究视域向广义拓展，主要的有：关于前资本主义状态中的原始民族、游牧民族、农业社会的经济行为与经济制度研究；关于工业化社会中的一些新命题的研究，如性别角色、一般财富源泉、非经济因素对经济发展的影响、欠发达的农业区域寻求市场发展的途径、市场的中心地位理论以及市场条件下的基础性经济行为等研究。

In the course of development of anthropology in the past 100 years, anthropology has absorbed continuously the theory and practice of psychology. With the psychology sublating gradually the science doctrine and the essence doctrine, the anthropological research brought phenomenology and cognitional theory into academic reflection.

人类学百年发展历程中，始终伴随着对心理学学科理论和实践资源的汲取，随着心理学逐渐对以往科学主义、本质主义的扬弃，将现象学、认知论纳入到学科反思、人类学研究也开辟了注重个体内在化情绪的人类学研究，形成了如今颇受瞩目的情绪人类学领域。

On the other hand, human problems are not only psychological but pertain also to the cultural level. So, M.M. decided to go through other professional trainings following the theories of Freud, Klein, Reich and added to that the experience of other cultures (he made ethnological researches in India, Nepal, Japan, Vietnam, Kenia, Uganda).

从另一方面来讲，人类的问题不仅仅是心理层面的问题，也属于文化层面，所以马龙教授决定接受其他流派比如弗洛伊德、克莱恩、赖希等流派的训练（既包括个体的也包括团体的的），同时他还去体验不同的文化、（他在印度，尼泊尔，日本，越南，肯尼亚和乌干达都做过文化人类学的研究

On the other hand, the more important thing is because the urban housing is a kind of heterogeneity products.

另一方面，更重要的是由于城市住房是一种异质性产品。

Climate histogram is the fall that collects place measure calm value, cent serves as cross axle for a few equal interval, the area that the frequency that the value appears according to place is accumulated and becomes will be determined inside each interval, discharge the graph that rise with post, also be called histogram.

气候直方图是将所收集的降水量测定值，分为几个相等的区间作为横轴，并将各区间内所测定值依所出现的次数累积而成的面积，用柱子排起来的图形，也叫做柱状图。