人性的

However, there are visible directions in research of this problem, which is either external analysis academically, thinking consumerism as neutral problem, such as sociology, or extensive praise, thinking consumerism as boundless beneficence to promoting economical increase, such as economics, or new exploration on advancing technical problem of consumption, so as to help the sustaining increase of consumerism, such as marketing, or as agent provocateur of consumerism, so as to research psychology of consumers, and to find out psychological weakness in human nature, such as consumption psychology.

但各个学科对这个问题的研究也明显存在着方向性的问题：它们或者从纯学术的意义上对消费问题进行客观的分析，对消费主义的盛行采取中性的态度；或者对消费主义的兴起兴高采烈，把消费主义看作是促进经济增长的有功之臣；或：耆对促进消费的技术性问题进行新的探索，以便助消费主义持续增长的一臂之力；或者充当消费主义的密探，对消费者的心理进行偷窥，为消费主义寻找人性的心理弱点，以便进行攻击。

The second half inspects SciTech from the four angles of the wholeness of the system of human nature: from the angle of self, as the production of making use of objects by self, SciTech can be in favor of self or dissever self, which, the author thinks, is little helpful to the consolidation and transcendence of self; from the angle of individuality, for its aim is to eliminate individuality and to pursue commonness, there is distinct conflict between SciTech and individuality; from the angle of valueness, only have been the means of affirming and realizing the value of human nature and the purpose of personality, can SciTech have internal legitimacy; from the angle of sublimatity, human's right and rational needs make SciTech impel development of human nature healthfully, lust which is the distortion of needs make the trap, and technologizing the human nature will never be the way and aim of sublimating human nature.

下部分从人性系统整体性的四个角度考察；从自我看，科技作为自我"假于外物"的产物而推动或肢解自我，对自我的整合和提升少有实质性作用；从个性看，它是销匿个性而寻求共性的结果，与个性之间矛盾突出；从价值性看，它只有成为确证和实现人性价值和人格目标的手段，才具有内在合法性；从提升性看，人的正当合理的需要使科技推动人性健康发展，欲望对需要的扭曲造成陷阱，使人性技术化不是人性提升的途径和目标。

Think, the traditional economics research about human problem is more the ground is the premise that regards research as economic problem, new system economics revised the human hypothesis point of view in traditional economics afresh, undertook immediateness real research more to human problem, and as a result of,be in charge of criterion of a Confucian school of idealist philosophy of the Song and Ming Dynasties its core problem -- the management to the person, accordingly, its formed management to learn the serious content of research to the research itself of human problem.

认为，传统经济学有关人性新问题的探究更多地是作为探究经济新问题的前提，新制度经济学则重新修正了传统经济学中的人性假设观点，对人性新问题进行了更接近现实的探究，而管理学则由于其核心新问题——对人的管理，因此，其对人性新问题的探究本身就构成了管理学探究的重要内容。

Part I :the definition of officialdom novels ,the insightful discussion of the development of them ,and the primary analysis of the reasons of their flourishing ;Part II :the construction of subject matters of officialdom novels by probing analysis into official corruption ,official and social psychologies ;Part III: the of artistic features of characters and narrative (i.e. narrative perspective constructions ,discourse and ironical narration ),which are illustrated by the positive characters with personalities ,negative ones with complex characteristics ,more importantly ,the vulgar existence ofgray characters ,the discovery of features of narrative methods with the contract of two types of novels ; Part IV: the positive comment on the realistic rules of officialdom novels and the surpassing of the previous ones ,the shortcomings from the artistic perspective : the adoption to the reality seriously fetters artistic imagination of literature works ,it also reads to the lacking of insightful thinking ,the simple characters fail to reveal artistic glamour ,the routinized narrative methods also degrades the artistic savor of works .

第一部分，界定官场小说的内涵，并对它的历史发展，对其在当下繁荣的原因做初步的探析；第二部分，从官场小说对官场腐败、官员内心世界和社会文化心理等方面的揭示考察其主题构成；第三部分，从人物形象、叙事方式(叙事视角、叙事结构、反讽叙事、叙事话语)等分析官场小说的艺术表现特征，指出官场小说不仅塑造了性格鲜明的正面人物，也真实刻画了具有复杂人性的反面角色，更重要的是展现了官场灰色人物的庸俗生存，并通过两类不同类型小说的对比，揭示其各自不同的叙事特征；第四部分，充分肯定官场小说的现实主义价值，及其对前期官场小说的超越，并从小说艺术角度指出其存在的严重不足：小说对现实的屈从束缚了作品的艺术想象力，使小说缺乏深厚的思想内蕴；人物形象也显得单薄，无法产生感人的艺术魅力；叙事的模式化也大大降低了作品的艺术品位。

This paper is divided into four parts:Part I, Introduction: We observe the state of humanity on Lu Xun and Liang Shiqiu in the present, explained the prosperity and the struggle that Lu Xun and Liang Shiqiu discourse on humanity conceptionPart II: Through pectinate the Lu Xun and Liang Shiqiu discourse on the humanity conception of the re-interpretation and processing the differences between Lu Xun and Liang Shiqiu, give the facility to discuss differences in the interpretation of humanity conception.

本文主要分为四个部分：导论：通过对当下，人性话语使用以及鲁迅梁实秋关于人性问题研究的现状，探寻人性话语阐释、鲁迅梁实秋关于人性话语论争的研究在当下文学评论界的繁荣与纠缠。上篇：通过对鲁迅梁实秋关于人性话语阐释脉络的重新梳理，初探鲁迅梁实秋关于人性话语阐释的差异，为人性话语差异的解读做好铺垫。

Gender Theory of feminism provides a completely new sight of angle criticizing traditional science, gives a better elucidation of the formation of androcentric society, the oppressive origin of women in it, and the direction of solution.

女性主义的社会性别理论提供了批判主流科学的新视角，较好地解释了男性中心社会的形成原因和女性受压制的根源，并提示了解决问题的方向；女性主义从生活出发，肯定情感在科研中的独特功用，一种包含人性的科学因此似乎有了可能；女性主义指出描述实在的科学理论并非是唯一的，丰富了科学知识的方法论标准；女性主义让以往被忽视的女性科学经验昭显于世，并且推广关爱经验，为科技史、科技伦理开辟了更为广阔的理论境域；倾向于科学与人文的融合，通过多种努力改变了科学的公众形象。

Finally, because of the difference in cultural background, while the description of sex in JPM mostly gives expression not to healthy demand for sex, but to unhealthy psychology of sex, the one in LCL has a kind of decadent color about western culture, that is to say, a kind of wild indulgence in sex. Through the reversion to humanity and absolute natural quality of bisexual relationship, LCL attempts to rescue western society from slough; however, this kind of primitive and wild description of sex covers up the exposure of capitalist society's corruption, as the excessive one in JPM deadens the criticism to feudal society.

再次是文化背景不同，《金》中的性描写，有许多是病态性心理的反映，并非健康的人类应有的性要求；而《查》的性描写，带有一种西方文化的颓废色彩，是一种野性的性放纵，它企图以人性的复归，即两性关系的纯自然性，来挽救西方社会的沉沦，但这种原始野性式的性表现，反而掩盖了对资本主义社会腐朽的揭露，这正像《金瓶梅》中过多的性描写，也冲淡了对封建社会的批判一样。

It begins with innocent childhood, followed by awkward adolescence trying awkwardly to adapt itself to mature society, with its young passions and follies, its ideals and ambitions; then it reaches a manhood of intense activities, profiting from experience and learning more about society and human nature; at middle age, there is a slight easing of tension, a mellowing of character like the ripening of fruit or the mellowing of good wine, and the gradual acquiring of a more tolerant, more cynical and at the same time a kindlier view of life; then In the sunset of our life, the endocrine glands decrease their activity, and if we have a true philosophy of old age and have ordered our life pattern according to it, it is for us the age of peace and security and leisure and contentment; finally, life flickers out and one goes into eternal sleep, never to wake up again.

它由一个纯真的孩提年代开始，然后是十分费力的去适应成熟社会的笨拙的青春期，有着自己年轻的激情和罪恶，理想和雄心；然后到了激情做事的成年，得益于自己的经历以及对社会和人性的了解；到了中年，压力就有点放松，个性有点软化就像成熟的水果或是醇化的好酒，还能逐渐的获得更多的容忍力和愤世嫉俗，同时对人生会有一个温和的观点；然后到了晚年，内分泌腺阻碍了他们的活动，如果我们对晚年有着正确的哲学观念还能依照它安排好我们生命的图案，对我们来说这是平和，安全，安逸和满意的时候；最后就像火光摇摇曳曳地熄灭然后就会永远的睡着，再也不会醒来。

According to the writer, Li balances literary critics w...ith other artistic categories, and appreciates critical works from the height of aesthetics. From Li's brand-new perspective, critique is not only"independent"but also"artistic", which is of remarkable significance as regards its implication in the revolutionary changes of literary criticism. The 2nd chapter"literary criticism is a form of discovery", literarily refers to Li Jianwu stressed that critic main body consciousness to text permeating, and his claims on critics'subjectivity and capabilities in aesthetic judgments. The writer concludes Li's ideas as the three following aspects:"critique is self-discovery","critique is the discovery of the writer's mind", and"critique is the discovery of humanity in literature", and gives full illustration one by one.

他把文学批评放在了与其他艺术品类平等的位置，并且从审美的高度衡量文学批评，认为批评是&独立的批评&，也是&艺术的批评&，其意义非常深远，具有文学批评革命性的改变这一意味在里面；第二章&文学批评是一种发现&指的是李健吾强调批评家主体意识对文本的渗入，要求发挥批评家的主体作用和审美判断能力，笔者将此概括为：&批评是自我的发现&、&批评是作家心灵的发现&、&批评是作品中人性的发现&三个方面，并一一进行阐释；第三章重点论述李健吾文学批评的模式。

Also many propositions from psychology: eg that the powers of the soul are not merely accidents even natural and necessary of the soul, that they are not really distinct from the substance of the soul or from one another; that sense perception is not purely passive; that the intellect can recognize the singular directly, not merely indirectly; that the soul separated from the body forms its knowledge from things themselves, not merely from the ideas which it has acquired through life or which God infuses into it; that the soul is not united with the body for the purpose of acquiring knowledge through the senses but for the purpose of forming with it a new species, ie human nature; that the moral virtues are not necessarily inter se connexae, etc. Also many propositions concerning the doctrine of the angels: eg that the angels can be numerically distinct from one another, and therefore several angels can belong to the same species; that it is not merely through their activity or the application of their powers that angels can be in a given place; that they cannot go from place to place without having to traverse the intermediate space; that they do not acquire all natural knowledge from infused ideas only, but also through contemplation of things themselves; that their will must not necessarily will good or evil, according as it has once decided.

也有许多从心理学的主张：例如，权力的灵魂不只是意外甚至自然和必要的灵魂，他们并没有真正有别於的实质或灵魂从彼此；这个意义上的看法是不是纯粹的被动；该智慧可以识别奇异直接，而不是仅仅间接的灵魂脱离身体的知识形式从自己的事情，而不是仅仅从想法，它已经收购了生命或通过上帝注入到它的灵魂是不联合国与机构的目的是通过获取知识的意识，但目的是形成了一个新的物种，即人性的道德并不一定是相互connexae等也有许多主张有关理论天使：例如，天使数值可以从一个不同的另一种，因此，几个天使可以属於同一物种；，它不仅是通过他们的活动或运用其权力，天使可以在一个特定的地方；，他们不能去地点，而无需导线的中间空间；，他们不会获得所有自然知识，只有注入的想法，而且还通过静观事情本身；，他们将必须不一定会好或邪恶的，因为它显示了一旦决定。

She gently rebuff ed him, but agreed that they could be friends

她婉言拒绝了，但同意作为朋友相处。

If in the penal farm, you were sure to be criticized.

要是在劳改农场，你等着挨绳子吧！