人工差异

Based on the radar dense data of convectional cloud on June 12,2004 in Yongdeng county,choosing two similar convectional clouds as seeding and non-seeding cloud,the remarkable changes of radar echo parameters of the seeding cloud compared with the non-seeding cloud were discussed in this paper,and the rain enhancement effect was evaluated primarily with ground observational rainfall data.The results show that many aspects of the seeding cloud,such as precipitation,life characteristic and vertical characteri...

利用2004年6月12日甘肃省永登县雷达观测对流云的加密资料，选取了2次相似对流云过程分别作为目标云和对比云，探讨了目标云作业前后较对比云雷达回波有关参数的显著变化，并结合地面雨量点观测资料对地面人工增雨作业效果进行了初步分析，结果表明：目标云在降水、生命期特征、回波垂直特征参数变化方面，表现出作业前后较对比云存在明显差异，目标云作业40 m in后地面产生0.6 mm降水，而对比云则从新生发展到减弱消散阶段经历较短的时间(30 m in)，地面并无降水产生，从而推断本次人工增雨达到了一定的预计效果。

By the look of content of the difference, the cost variance has had direct material cost variance, artificial cost variance and cost variance of the manufacturing expense directly.

从差异的内容看，成本差异有直接材料成本差异、直接人工成本差异和制造费用成本差异。

Therefore, just like the direct material variance, when the labor cost for a task differs from standard, the direct labor variance can be divided into a labor efficiency variance and a labor rate variance.

正像直接材料差异那样，对一项工作的实际成本与标准成本之间的比较，直接人工成本也可以分成工时量差异和工资率差异两部分来分析。

Leastsquare method and Lagrange's interpolation formula see their applicationsfor fitting fore-and-aft lines-whose aim is to calculate the intersection point ofequivalent inclined waterline-and differences. In order to replace theinconvenient alternate conduct of drawing and calculating, improvement hasbeen introduced into the paper which means all work can be done bycomputer. Capacity calculation cannot be done without boundary layer build-up. Fit every area curve and area moment curve is necessary because ofinterpolation.

在第二章中，给出了B样条函数的数学表达形式，推导了B样条曲线下所围面积、面积矩公式；讨论了最小二乘法和拉格朗日插值法的数学形式，并在拟合船体型线上给出首、尾轮廓线的具体实例，对比不同方法进行拟合的差异，其目的是为了求得与等体积倾斜水线的交点；而水线的确定改变了以往人工作图与计算交替进行的不足，尝试用计算机完全代替人工作图，以求有所改进；在舱容计算中，在至少包括舱室前、后壁的范围内拟合横剖面积、面积矩曲线，插值求得任一纵向位置处的剖面，以解决舱室边界条件。

We planted for single, triple and mechanical transplanting seedlings for multeity, then observing the physical changes and influences of its agronomic traits in each groups after seedling transplanting.

不同播种密度处理於成苗后，以人工单本植、人工三本植及机械多本插植等三种不同移植本数处理移植至田间，并调查各处理间之产量构成因素及产量变化差异。

RESULTS: There were significant differences in capsular opacification occurrence rate and degree between group 1 and group 2. The difference was also associated with surgical methods and lens types.

结果：单纯摘除组与人工晶状体植入组，人工晶状体植入中，不同的手术方法及不同的人工晶状体类型其后囊膜混浊发生的频率及程度均存在较大差异。

The biomechanical tests showed that two kinds of artificial bones had not significant difference on compressive strength and Young\'s modulus(P＞0.05),while the flexural strength of nano-nacre artificial bone was less than the control group(P＜0.05).3.The results of CCK-8 showed that the difference were not significant in each group,the proliferation of osteoblast reached the peak at the 5th day;7 days after being co-cultured,the total protein content of study group was higher than control group and blank group(P＜0.05),while the difference between control group and blank group was not significantP＞0.05The difference of alkaline phosphatase activities among three groups was not significant(P＞0.05The SEM view showed that osteoblast attached and grew well in two kinds of artificial bone.4.X-ray photography showed that two kinds of powder started to degrade in 2 weeks;this phenomenon became more appear in 4 weeks,nano-nacre powder degraded faster than micron-nacre powder,while the hole shadow was easy to be found;in 8 weeks,all the femoral holes recovered and returned to normal bone mineral density in all groups.Analysis of tetracycline fluorescent double marks in the hard tissue grinding slices indicated that new bone grew fastest around the bone defect area in study group,while most slowly in blank groupP＜0.05 SEM(scanning electron microscope observation showed that nano-nacre powder degraded more quickly.The same result can be found through the demineralized sections morphometric analysis,and both of the composite artificial bones made from those two kinds of nacre powder had the good connection with the adjacent tissue in rats body without apparent inflammatory response.5.X-ray photography showed that rabbit\'s bone defects healed faster in study group since NNAB implanted than in control group since MNAB implanted.At 24 weeks after operation,bone density in radial defects had nearly accessed to the normal area,while lower in control group,and turned up nonunion in blank group;The checking of BMD showed that results in study group were higher than those in control group at 8,16 and 24 week(P＜0.05), and the difference between the BMD values in study group at 24 week and those in blank group was not significant(P＞0.05).The gross specimens showed satisfactory histocompatibility both in study group and in control group,with bone tissue growing from two sides into the center of implanted materials; Normal slices in HE stain and hard tissue grinding slices in Stevenel\'s blue/Van Geison\'s picro-fuchsin stain showed that the bone growth tendency was better in study group than that in control group,and the medullary cavity had been penetrated to the implanted materials in study group at 24 week;Analysis of tetracycline fluorescent double marks in the hard tissue grinding slices indicated that new bone in both groups grew fastest 8 weeks after surgery,while slow down at 16 week.

纳米珍珠层/消旋聚乳酸复合人工骨与微米珍珠层/消旋聚乳酸复合人工骨分别与成骨细胞共培养后，其各时间点CCK-8法检测值与空白对照无显著差异(P＞0.05)，成骨细胞均在第5天达到增殖高峰期；培养7天后，实验组细胞蛋白含量高于对照组及空白组(P＜0.05)，后两者之间则无显著差异P＞0.05碱性磷酸酶活性在三组间均无显著差异(P＞0.05电镜下可见成骨细胞在两种人工骨上都有良好生长贴附能力。4.X-ray显示两种粉体在大鼠股骨骨洞植入第2周时都开始出现了降解，第4周时更为明显，纳米珍珠层粉较之微米珍珠层粉降解更快，而空白对照组骨洞阴影仍可见，至8周时，则所有组骨洞均己闭合修复，X-ray下已不可见原钻孔痕迹，恢复正常骨质密度；硬组织磨片四环素荧光双标记结果显示纳米珍珠层粉植入组较其余两组在骨缺损区周围新骨生长速度更快，空白组速度最慢P＜0.05电镜观察及常规脱钙切片亦可见到纳米粉体降解较快；由以上两种原材料制得的纳米珍珠层/消旋聚乳酸复合人工骨与微米珍珠层/消旋聚乳酸复合人工骨在大鼠体内均与周围组织结合良好，无明显炎症反应。5.X-ray显示纳米珍珠层/消旋聚乳酸复合人工骨植入兔桡骨缺损区后其骨愈合速度较对照组微米珍珠层/消旋聚乳酸复合人工骨植入的快，至植入术后24周，实验组骨缺损区接近正常骨密度，对照组骨缺损区密度较低，空白组则呈现骨不连状态；骨密度测量结果显示术后8周、16周、24周实验组的骨密度值高于对照组(P＜0.05，24周实验组的骨密度值与术前所测得的正常值无显著性差异P＞0.05动物取材大体所见均显示组织相容性良好，骨组织逐渐由植入材料两端向中央生长；常规切片HE染色及硬组织磨片Stevenel\'s blue/Van Geison\'s picro-fuchsin联合染色均可见实验组骨缺损区长势优于对照组，至术后24周，实验组骨髓腔与材料已呈相交通状；硬组织磨片荧光显微镜下观察，两组材料在术后8周处于骨生长最快速时期，16周时速度开始减慢，术后4、8、16周时实验组的新骨生长速度均较对照组的快

Objective: To explore the value of different surgicalmethods in the treatment of the displaced femoral neck fracture of the elderly.analyse joint function, complications, reversion factors Methods: An follow up study was done on 71 cases older than 60years who were treated with internal fixation, femoral head arthrop lasty and total hip joint replacement between 2000 and 2005 to compare the difference upon operation time, blood loss, duration of hospi-talization , joint function evaluation one and two years after operation , complications and reversionrate.

目的：探讨加压空心螺钉内固定术、人工股骨头置换术和人工全髋关节置换术在治疗老年人移位性股骨颈骨折中的临床价值。分析术后髋关节功能、并发症、二次手术或翻修率等相关因素。方法：对2000—2005年于长春中医药大学第一附属医院骨科收治的71例60岁以上移位性股骨颈骨折患者进行了随访研究，比较AO加压空心螺钉内固定术、人工股骨头置换术和人工全髋关节置换术在手术时间、出血量、住院时间、术后下地时间、术后12个月和24个月的髋关节功能评价、并发症以及二次手术率方面的差异。

Our findings indicate that main reason of discrepancies between ICD-9 and ICD-10 are due to differences in interpretation of selection rules between coders and ACME on death certificates of which medical certifiers report incorrect causal sequences.

本研究对於使用ICD-10对死因统计影响的分析显示造成差异的最主要原因是人工选择原死因与美国ACME选择原死因之差异，而且会造成差异的主要原因是医师填写死因诊断因果关系错误及没有依照规定格式填写。

A univariate ANOVA is executed to analyze the influencing factors of the production cost by dividing it into direct material, direct labor cost, indirect cost and total cost separately. It is found that the variables of farm scale and crop type show significant impacts in the direct labor cost and total production cost. The one-crop farming variable makes significant difference in the total production cost; whereas different planting ways differentiates the indirect cost. In addition, years of farming, farmer's age, and full-time status all make no significant difference in all aspects of production cost.

此外，将农场生产成本分为直接材料、直接人工、间接成本、总生产成本四面向进行多因子变异数分析，结果发现耕作面积、作物类型变项仅在有机农场的直接人工和总生产成本中有显著差异；有机农场是否为单一经营在总生产成本上有显著差异；不同栽培方式的有机农场仅在间接成本的高低上有显著差异；此外，而耕作年数变项因本研究有机农场耕作年数较高之样本特性影响，导致该变项对生产成本并无显著的差异；年龄、专兼业经营等变项在生产成本上高低并无显著差异。

Breath, muscle contraction of the buttocks; arch body, as far as possible to hold his head, right leg straight towards the ceiling (peg-leg knee in order to avoid muscle tension).

呼气，收缩臀部肌肉；拱起身体，尽量抬起头来，右腿伸直朝向天花板（膝微屈，以避免肌肉紧张）。

The cost of moving grain food products was unchanged from May, but year over year are up 8%.

粮食产品的运输费用与5月份相比没有变化，但却比去年同期高8％。