人体解剖

To explore a feasible method for the reconstruction of nasal and temporal bone part of Chinese virtual human project and provide a more accurate, complete and facilitated way to 3-D view for medical workers.

目的：为可视化虚拟人体模型鼻部及颞骨解剖结构的三维重建探索一种可行的方法。

The angle of tibial torsion is an inherent angle in human bodies.

胫骨扭转角是人体胫骨生理解剖的固有角度。

The angle of tibial torsion is an inherent angle in human bodies. The angle has been to knew of clinical workers.

胫骨扭转角是人体胫骨生理解剖的固有角度其存在已广的临床工作者所认识。

Cerebral artery ; MRA ; adult normal ; anthropometry ; applied anatomy

脑动脉； MRA ；正常成人；人体测量学；应用解剖

The development of modern skin flap chirurgery needs badly the three- dimension picture system to display the blood supply and other profound structures and functions. This kind of system can also support the clinical training, designing of operative route, suppositional operation procedure and fidelity navigation during the operation. 3D imaging studies such as computed tomography and magnetic resonance provide the primary source of patient-specific data for such medical applications. The two-dimensional (2D) images produced by CT and MR imaging techniques represent a series of cross-sectional image slices through ones anatomy.

现代皮瓣外科学的发展迫切需要显示其血供等复杂结构和功能的三维图像系统，为临床医生的培训、手术入路的设计、手术过程的虚拟和术中的精确导航提供支持，同时随着人体标本来源的日趋减少，有必要建立一整套包括常用皮瓣、肌瓣和骨瓣在内的三维解剖以供骨科临床教学和训练所用，随着"虚拟人"、计算机虚拟技术和现代医学影像技术的快速发展，使得虚拟皮瓣外科手术的研究与应用成为可能。

Methods: 1. Experimental laparoscopic liver resection: We selected pigs as experimental models aiming to approach human beings physiological and anatomical condition. After CO2 pneumoperitoneum was established, the ligaments around liver were dissociated. Livers were cut off by the methods such as clamp dissection, microwave tissue coagulator, ultrasound dissector, Ligsure dissection, hand-assisted, short abdominal incision laparoscopy-assisted, and Endo-GIA switcher. The operation time and bleeding volume were compared between different methods of laparoscopic liver resection. The advantages and limitations of different methods were summarized. 2. Clinical laparoscopic liver resection: 15 cases with tumors in segment V of anterior right lobe or segments II, III of left lateral lobe or segment IV of left internal lobe were selected in this study. The liver diseases included hepatocellular cancer, hepatic cavernous hemangioma and hepatic focal nodular hyperplasia. The ligaments around liver were dissociated after CO2 pneumoperitoneum established. Laparoscopic liver resection were carried out by some of the methods combined such as clamp dissection, microwave tissue coagulator, hand-assisted, short abdominal incision laparoscopy-assisted, ultrasound dissector, rotation and suction dissector.

1、实验性腹腔镜肝切除：以猪为实验动物，旨在接近人体的生理、解剖环境下进行实验，建立操作空间后游离肝脏周围韧带，采用钳夹分离切肝法、微波刀切肝法、超声刀切肝法、Ligsure切肝法、手辅助腹腔镜肝切除法、小切口腹腔镜辅助切肝法、Endo-GIA切肝法等方法实施腹腔镜下肝切除，比较不同切肝方法的手术时间、出血量，总结各种方法的优越性及其局限性。2、临床腹腔镜肝切除：选择肿瘤位于肝右前叶第Ⅴ段、肝左外叶第Ⅱ、Ⅲ段及左内叶第Ⅳ段的15例患者，病种包括原发性肝癌、肝海绵状血管瘤、肝脏局灶性增生，建立气腹后游离肝脏周围韧带，采用钳夹分离断肝、微波刀固化后断肝、手辅助腹腔镜肝切除、小切口腹腔镜辅助肝切除、超声刀断肝、旋吸断肝等多种方法分离切线肝组织，暴露管道结构，再采用高频电凝、钛夹夹闭、缝扎止血、止血纱布覆盖、氩气刀止血、生物胶止血、Endo-GIA处理等多种方法相结合处理肝断面，统计手术完成情况、手术时间、手术出血量、术后并发症及术后住院时间等，评价腹腔镜肝切除的可行性及安全性。

Based on various testimonies including the 12 confessions at Khabarovsk Trial, Unit 731 based in Harbin and Unit 100 based in Changchun, besides using living humans as subjects in their experiments on anthrax and glanders as documented in the autopsy reports in Dugway Library, both mass produced anthrax. Unit 100 also mass produced glanders. Unit 731's monthly production capability of anthrax is 600kg. From 1941 to 1942, Unit 100 produced 1000kg of anthrax and over 500kg of glanders.

据包括以上12名以外的日军细菌部队有关人员供述：驻哈尔滨的731部队和驻长春的100部队，除了用活人做实验研究炭疽和鼻疽以外（参考以上提到美军达格威试验场技术资料馆保存的日军提供的有关人体实验解剖报告），还大量生产炭疽菌，100部队还大量生产鼻疽菌。731部队一个月的炭疽菌生产能力达约600公斤；1941年到1942年间，100部队生产了1000公斤炭疽菌、500多公斤鼻疽菌。

Objective: To quantitatively analyze the normal acetabular subchondral surface and investigate its anatomic characteristics.

目的：定量分析人体正常髋臼软骨下骨的曲面形态，探讨其解剖形态学特征。

Objective:To observe the spermatic veins and provide anatomy data for the diagnosis of varicocele.

目的：观测人体精索静脉解剖，为精索静脉曲张的诊断提供解剖学依据。

"Witness" Anne claimed that the hospital performed vivisection on the practitioners and was involved in illegal organ transplant.

"证人"安妮称，苏家屯血栓病医院对被关押的"法轮功"学员进行活体解剖，开展非法的人体器官移植。

Fancy gold-plated dangling earrings with facetted White Opal crystals.

花式镀金悬垂耳环与facetted白欧泊水晶。

This essay chooses the study aim from biology teachers in middle school in Shi Jiazhuang which tells us that most of the middle school biology teachers in Shi Jiazhuang have the"burnout", lower successfulness, individualize.

本文选取石家庄市初中生物教师作为研究对象，运用问卷调查的方法对石家庄市初中生物教师职业倦怠的现状进行调查，调查结果发现，石家庄市初中生物教师这一群体普遍存在职业倦怠，情感枯竭程度偏高，成就感偏低，去个性化程度最为严重。