人为干扰

But this kind of open emission and reception system in High frequency communication has to face two challenges: firstly, natural interference from atmospherics and industry; secondly, tracing, blocking and multipath interference from enemy.

但这种开放式的发射和接收电磁波的通信，特别是在短波通信领域，不仅易遭到天电、工业等自然干扰，而且还要遇到敌方人为的跟踪、阻塞干扰以及多径等各种干扰。

The songs of Chinese bulbul showed smaller dialect systems among the 3 different environment noise habitats. The smaller dialect systems might be resulted from fragmented habitats. For transmitting messages successfully, Chinese bulbul contending with masking of anthropogenic noise by the higher minimum frequency, the lower maximum frequency, and the narrower band in the urban area.

白头翁歌曲在台中市三个不同程度噪音干扰的栖地环境间，呈现小规模的方言系统，可能与都会破碎化的栖地类型有关；在都会环境人为的低频噪音影响下，为了抗衡噪音遮蔽干扰，白头翁歌曲的最低音频升高、最高音频降低、频宽缩窄，以有效传达声音讯息。

The geographical compositions of herbaceous plants of shrub-grass plot's soil seed bank indicate that genera of cosmopolitan have a heavy percentage, and indicate furthermore that the growth of herbaceous layer is affected significantly by human being's activities, and many calcifuge plants and indifferent plants in herbaceous layer reflect in certain extent that floristic element and ecological types are intricate.

各样地灌草坡种子库草本植物的地理成分表明世界分布属占较大比重，表明草本层的发育受人为活动的影响较为明显；且草本层中的厌钙植物和随遇植物也较多，从一个侧面反映了在人为活动的干扰影响下区系成分和生态类型的混杂。

Besides, the type of forest, climatic factors and human disturbance were all taken into

另外再配合林相的组成、气候及人为干扰等因子与蝴蝶群聚作相关比较。

At a certain range, habitat loss and its spatial structure can benefit the control of the epidemic disease, which indicates the possibility of using human disturbance in habitat as a potential epidemic-control method in conservation.(6) Not only the quantity of habitat loss but also the spatial correlations of patch types caused by nonrandom habitat loss affect the invasion and transmission of disease. More fragmented landscape (high amount of habitat loss, low clustering of lost patches) hinders the parasitic infection, which also indicates that whether the spatial heterogeneity benefits or hinders the invasion is dependent on the considered ecological process.(7) Two components of the spatial heterogeneity (the amount and spatial autocorrelation of the lost habitat) form a trade-off in determining the host-parasite dynamics.(8) Within a certain range of habitat loss, host can counterbalance the positive and negative effects, and shows a rising tendency.(9) The epidemic is more likely to break out in the prey-predator system if only a small amount of habitat loss.(10) A highly aggregated distribution of species is a common behavioral strategy when dealing with habitat loss or other environmental stresses.(11) The parasite-host/prey-predator eco-epidemiological systems have the similar mechanism with the intraguild predation systems, and the predator acts as the intraguild predation, the infected prey acts as intraguild prey, and the susceptible prey acts as shared resource.(12) Species at the highest trophic level are no longer affected the most by habitat loss, which depend not only on the biological mechanism but also on the external environmental disturbances.

随着邻体数目的增加，病毒的感染力度变得更大而且在空间上形成聚集的波形；(5)生境破坏及其空间结构在一定范围内有利于疾病的控制，这暗示人为对生境的干扰可作为疾病控制的一个潜在方法；(6)生境破坏的数量以及不同类型生境的空间分布格局都显著地影响了寄生病毒的入侵和传播，生境破碎化程度越高(高丧失斑块的数量或低聚集程度)，将越有害于病毒的入侵和传播，这暗示了空间异质性是否有益于物种的入侵依赖于所考虑的生态过程；(7)由生境破坏引起的空间异质性的两个组分之间存在负偶联关系trade-off(8在适度的生境破坏范围内，宿主种群能够平衡生境破坏带来的正负两种效应并呈现增长趋势；(9)在捕食-食饵系统中，寄生感染病毒极有可能在生境破坏量较低时爆发；(10)物种在面临生境破坏或者其它环境压力时表现出更高的聚集分布策略；(11)寄生-宿主/食饵-捕食生态传染病系统与共位捕食食物网结构具有相似的生物机制，其中捕食者扮演共位捕食者的角色，已感染食饵作为共位食饵，易感染食饵扮作共同消耗的资源；(12)位于最高营养级水平的种群对生境破坏的响应不一定是最敏感的，这不仅依赖于内在的生物机制同时也依赖于外在的环境干扰。

The system further includes an adjustment mechanism configured to adjust drive level of the LO depending on a level of jammers detected by the receiver.

系统还包括调整机制，取决于接收机检测到的人为干扰电平配置为调整LO的驱动电平。

In order to make the telecommunication satellite operate well in the electromagnetic jamming and complex electromagnetic environment, a novel space-borne antenna multi-jamming direction finding and nulling method is presented.

为了保证通信卫星在人为电磁干扰及复杂电磁环境下的正常工作，给出了一种用于星载赋形天线的频域多干扰目标测向及调零方法。

The assumption that all the refuse into the garbage island in the absence of anthropogenic interference with the case, only the marine life as food, self-degradation and sinking three cases.

假设所有进入垃圾岛的垃圾，在没有人为干扰的情况下，只有被海洋生物作为食物、自身降解和下沉三种情况。

From analyzing Shannon index in five different types of habitats, we discovered transect of crab ponds with reed behind the sea wall(artificial and half-aitificial wetlands) had the highest Shannon index, The results show that this type of habitat is very important to wintering waterfowls. The artificial and half-artificial wetlands are belong to trial regions within the sea wall, Now the situation of waterfowls in Chongming Dongtan is very dangerous .

目前对崇明东滩自然保护区的现状不容乐观，堤内的人工半人工湿地被划入实验区，崇明东滩不断进行的围垦活动，各种各样的地方人为干扰活动(偷猎鸟类、捕捉鳗苗、放牧、放火烧荒等等)都严重影响水鸟的生存状况，加之保护区经费短缺，人员不足，使得崇明东滩鸟类的生存环境不断恶化，严重影响了湿地鸟类的生存和栖息地质量。

By utilizing the micrometeorology data of net radiation, soil heat flux, and CO2 concentration at two heights, temperature, relative humidity, and wind speed measured by the Japanese and Chinese cooperation team at Naiman District of Inner Mongolia, this paper presents a study of the characteristics of CO2 flux and concentration from different ecosystems (namely dune, grassland, light grazing site, medium grazing site, heavy grazing site, maize field and soybean field).

本文利用1993～1994年日本国家农业环境研究所与中国科学院沙漠研究所合作在内蒙古奈曼地区实测的7种不同生态系统（沙丘、轻度放牧草原、中度放牧草原、重度放牧草原、无放牧草原、玉米田和大豆田）的净辐射、土壤热通量、两个高度的CO2浓度、温度、湿度和风速等资料，采用空气动力学方法，计算了CO2通量及其与环境和人为干扰因子的关系，并分析了不同下垫面的光合作用特征。

On the other hand, the more important thing is because the urban housing is a kind of heterogeneity products.

另一方面，更重要的是由于城市住房是一种异质性产品。

Climate histogram is the fall that collects place measure calm value, cent serves as cross axle for a few equal interval, the area that the frequency that the value appears according to place is accumulated and becomes will be determined inside each interval, discharge the graph that rise with post, also be called histogram.

气候直方图是将所收集的降水量测定值，分为几个相等的区间作为横轴，并将各区间内所测定值依所出现的次数累积而成的面积，用柱子排起来的图形，也叫做柱状图。