人为干扰

Getting the spatial information of status, function and change, we have to develop and analysis spatial data with empirical models and process models. Spatial interpolation methods were used to estimate the characteristics of population from samples. Generally, the information are belong to bioecological information of EM. Huei-Sun Forest Experimental Station of NCHU is the study area in the study.

导出多层级间的相容性推估模式，并应用由上层族群分层取样，以得下层样本的技术且由下层之样本性态值分布，往上层推估族群之性态值分布，并以预测技术及Kriging 等空间推估方法，配合假设情境解生物生态、社会经济况改变或人为干扰时，对森生态系的况与产出所造成的影响，以提供森生态系经营管所需的生物、生态资讯。

In recent years it has been exploited to be a famous scenic spot. To avoid vegetation degradation resulting from human activities and strengthen plant protection, Carpinus turczaninowii communities in great valley were selected as our research subject. The species diversity, interspecific association and correlation, niche breadth and niche overlap in these communities were studied using quantitative methods.

为了加强对该地区植被的保护，避免因人为干扰而导致的植被破坏和退化，本文以太行山南段的小叶鹅耳枥群落为研究对象，在分析了群落主要特征的基础上，应用数量生态学方法，分别从群落的物种多样性、优势种群的种间关系和生态位三个方面，客观定量地分析了植物群落的生态关系。

According to the life form of species and their roles in communities, 6 species groups are used to do ordination analysis and environmental interpretation. The result suggests that:①Despite the strong man-made disturbance at lower altitude sites, the number and character of evergreen species show an change along the altitude gradient.②The rare and endangered species concentrated at two sectors along altitude gradient, corresponding to the upper and lower borders of the mountain mixed forest belt of evergreen and deciduous broad-leaved species.③The pioneer tree species concentrated on the middle and upper positions at lower elevation.④The deciduous accompany tree species show a great diversity on middle and lower position at middle and higher elevation.⑤Coniferous species differentiate along elevation and local topographical gradient.⑥Deciduous species in Quercus, Castanea, Fagus, Carpinus genus as well as coniferous species play primary community-constructing roles at different topographical position at Dalaoling region.

根据物种生活型及其在植物群落中的地位，分6个种组进行排序和环境解释，表明：①尽管低海拔地段受到强烈人为干扰，常绿种类仍显示了数量和性质沿海拔梯度的变化；②珍稀物种在海拔梯度上形成两个相对集中的区段，大致对应于山地常绿落叶阔叶混交林带的上下边缘；③先锋树种在中低海拔的中上坡位富集；④在中、高海拔的中低坡位，落叶的乔木伴生种显示了极大的多样性；⑤为数不多的针叶树种在海拔和局部地形梯度上也有明确分异；⑥它们和落叶的栎、栗、水青冈、鹅耳枥属物种在大老岭地区不同地形部位的植被中起着主要的建群作用。

The quantity and diversity of culturable cellulose-decomposing fungi in these soils are significantly correlated with organic matter, total nitrogen and water content. In addition, the quantity of them are significantly correlated with temperature and altitude. Different plant community and human disturbance have effected on the quantities and diversity of CCDF.

结果发现中低海拔地区土壤CDF数量高于高海拔地区，且数量与样地海拔、土壤含水量、温度、有机质和全氮含量呈显著相关（P.05）；CDF在样地内多样性与土壤有机质、全氮、含水量显著相关（P.05）；植被类型和人为干扰对CDF的数量和分布都有一定影响。

The results showed that the human disturbance didn't change the dominant positions and roles of Pinus massoniana and Cunninghamia lanceolata in arbor. But it decreased the average diameter at breast height and average tree height and changed the species composition.

结果表明，人为干扰对乔木层马尾松Pinus massoniana和杉木Cunninghamia lanceolata优势种的主体地位和作用没有根本性的改变，但使群落平均胸径和平均树高降低，群落种类组成发生变化。

Thunbergii trees were established, and the sun survivorship curves were drawn with field data. The results showed that in the three plots, the height and basal diameter growth of regenerated young P. thunbergii trees had exponential, linear, and quadratic functional relations with age and the age structure was of spindle, discrete, and pyramid types, respectively. Most of the regenerated young trees were distrbuted at 0.3-1.2 m from their nearest standing trees, and the individuals of the young trees decreased near to or far from the nearest standing trees. Inplots Ⅰ and Ⅲ, the expected average life of regenerated young P. thunbergii trees had a decreasing trend with their increasing age, and the survival number of the population also decreased with increasing population age. The survivorship craves of regenerated young P. thunbergii trees in the two plots approximated to the type of Deevey Ⅱ, indicating that the young P. thunbergii populations in the plots were at stable development stage. The population structure of regenerated young P. thunbergii trees in plot Ⅱ was lesser integral, suggesting that the population was of declining types being related to human disturbance, slope and other environmental factors.

结果表明：(1) 3个样地中幼龄植株高生长、基径生长与年龄均分别呈指数函数、直线和二次函数关系；(2) 3个样地黑松幼龄植株年龄结构存在着明显差异，分别表现为纺锤形、残缺型和金字塔型；(3)幼龄植株主要集中分布在距最近立木0.3~1.2m，离立木越近或越远幼龄植株均逐渐减少；(4)对样地Ⅰ和样地Ⅲ黑松幼龄植株生命表和存活曲线的分析表明，随年龄的增加，黑松幼龄植株生命期望值基本上呈递减趋势，黑松幼龄植株种群存活数也随着年龄的增加而降低；样地Ⅰ和样地Ⅲ黑松幼龄植株种群存活曲线近似于Deevey Ⅱ型，表明2个样地黑松幼龄植株种群处于稳定发展阶段；(5)样地Ⅱ幼龄植株种群结构很不完整，表明该种群属于衰退型，与人为干扰及坡度等有关。

The result shows that the Giant Panda habitat in Gansu is an under-plant population of forest communities with Fargesia denudate as the dominant species; that Giant Panda make movements at the altitudes ranging from 1 600 m to 2 000 m in Wenxian County and Diebu County; that the characteristics of bamboo population, geographical environment, along with the integrity of forest communities, are taken as the three dominant factors in influencing the life of Giant Panda;and that the features of the habitat are basically stable but reasonable distribution together with strong artificial disturbance is considered as the potential factor resulting in the habitat unstable.

结果表明：甘肃省大熊猫主要栖息在以缺苞箭竹为优势的下木种群森林群落中，其垂直活动范围主要集中在海拔1 600～2 800 m处，水平分布在文县和迭部一带；竹类种群的特性、地理环境和森林群落的完整性是大熊猫栖息生存的3个主要综合要素；甘肃省大熊猫的生境特征基本稳定，但该区竹类种群的正态性分布和人为干扰强度是构成其生境不稳定的重要潜在因素。

The vegetation which in the both sides of pavement and travel road were influenced badly, some go-with-people plants appeared, such as Plantago depressa, Digitaria adscenders,Setaria viridis, etc..

公路和旅游小路两侧以及招待所附近的植被受人为干扰严重，出现了平车前、铁杆蒿等伴人植物。

During the period of 1978-1986, the total area of Kandelia is almost no change due to the disturbance of channel landforms caused by human activities, on which is not suitable for mangrove survival and expansion.

水笔仔分布面积在1978-1986年问并无多大的变化，主要因人为干扰造成地形变化所导致的结果。

According to the absolute value of the coefficient in 3 the principal components,Marmot habitat selection'main factors were elevation、slope gradient、longitude(the absolute value of the coefficient respective were:0.860、0.740、0.712)and so on geography factor.Vegetation height and aboveground biomass have synergistic effect with geography factor.Distance from human disturbance and distance from road(the absolute value of the coefficient respective were:0.814 and 0.820) human activity factor were secondary factor.Vegetation coverage would named vegetation factor (the absolute value of the coefficient was:0.816) have very important influence to Marmota habitat selection.

根据三个主成分中载荷系数绝对值的大小可以判断影响旱獭生境选择的主要生态因子是海拔、坡度、纬度(载荷系数绝对值分别为：0.860、0.740、0.712)等地理因子，草高、地上生物量与地理因子又具有协同效应；距人为干扰距离、距公路距离(载荷系数绝对值分别为：0.814和0.820)人类活动因素是次要因子；盖度(载荷系数绝对值为：0.816)将其命名为植被因子，对旱獭的生境选择也具有重要的影响作用。

On the other hand, the more important thing is because the urban housing is a kind of heterogeneity products.

另一方面，更重要的是由于城市住房是一种异质性产品。

Climate histogram is the fall that collects place measure calm value, cent serves as cross axle for a few equal interval, the area that the frequency that the value appears according to place is accumulated and becomes will be determined inside each interval, discharge the graph that rise with post, also be called histogram.

气候直方图是将所收集的降水量测定值，分为几个相等的区间作为横轴，并将各区间内所测定值依所出现的次数累积而成的面积，用柱子排起来的图形，也叫做柱状图。