亲属

The linear relationship between paternity index and avuncular index is exhibited.

当母亲的DNA未知时，可证明孩子的3种母系亲属的DNA在亲子鉴定中的作用是相同的，并得到计算相应父权指数的一般公式，以及检测或未检测母亲DNA时计算父权指数的一般公式，其中，对立假设既可以取"疑父是一随机男子"，也可以取"疑父是孩子的一位父系亲属"；同时还证明了叔伯系数与父权指数之间的线性关系。

So the thesis tries to discover its deep theoretical and practical value with the systematic research on the relative concealment system, in order to bestead legislation and justice fulfillment on relative concealment system of our country.

所以本文试图通过对亲属容隐制度进行系统的研究以发掘其深层次的理论与实践价值，以期对我国亲属容隐制度的立法完善及司法实践有所裨益。

Therefore, despite the country adopted a high-handed manner to punish and combate the crime of bribery, but due to the low crime cost because of the lack of legislative, national staff and relatives are willing to risk huge interests.And it leads to the crime of taking bribes especially relatives common crime of accepting bribes in the environment fighting against corruption and building a clean government has increasingly become trend,creates an extremely bad social impact, and hinders the development of the country.

因此，尽管国家采取高压方式惩治、打击受贿犯罪，但立法不足造成的低犯罪成本，诱使国家工作人员与亲属甘愿为了巨额利益铤而走险，导致受贿罪尤其是亲属共同受贿罪在反腐倡廉的大环境下反有愈演愈烈之趋势，造成极其恶劣的社会影响，给国家的发展带来了巨大障碍。

Compared with UK and US, the two major English-speaking countries, China has experienced a much longer feudalist society and it is blessed with a kinship system different from that of UK and US. Due to these factors, in Chinese kinship systems more emphases have been placed on the distinctions between seniority and juniority, between patriarchal and non-patriarchal clans, and between blood relations and relations by marriage.

中国与英国、美国这两个最主要的英语国家相比，经历了更长的封建社会，且拥有与英美不同亲属制度，汉语亲属称谓更加注意区分同辈份中的相对年龄差距、区分父系亲属与母系亲属以及区分血亲与姻亲关系。

On one side,the mechanism of encouraging kinfolks to testify for the prosecution can be established:If the common kinfolk witness,who doesn\'t engage in the crime committed by the accused or the suspect,provides the valuable evidence to the enforcement officials and the suspect or the accused doesn\'t revolt and confesses the truth,the suspect or the accused can be regarded as a voluntary surrender and will receive a lighter punishment conditionally.

在考虑立法认可并设计亲属拒证特权制度的同时，我们也不否认亲属拒证特权的适用同样可能会导致某些重要证据的流失，为了消解因此而导致的负面后果，我们可以考虑建立鼓励亲属作证的机制，以实现多元价值的平衡。

The kinship term s of Zongjia people are descriptive kinship term s which takes oneself as a centre,Zongjia people not only divedes into oneself generation,father generation and son generation but also calculates the descents,according to the both sides of father and mother,kinship group of Zongjia people is composed of lineality or the kinship of father and mother.

宗加人的亲属称谓是以自我为中心的说明式亲属称谓，以辈份的不同而分为己辈、父辈、子辈，而且在自我为中心基础上通过父母双边来推算继嗣；亲属群由直系或父母双方的亲属来构成。

This article is mainly a discussion on the spiritual damage compensation for close relatives of victim under the situations of damage to right of life, damage to the right of health and damage to the right of personality of the dead, which is based on an introduction and comparison of the concerned foreign legal regulations and academic theories and in combination with the legal practice in China Wherefore the author put forwards his own ideas as following: first, Under the condition that there is a distance of time between injury and death, the close relatives of the dead shall inherit the right of claim for spiritual damage compensation of the dead for the suffering before his death, in addition to their own intrinsic right of claim for spiritual damage compensation; The second, under the condition that the inflictor has caused the disablement of the sufferer or serious damage to his health, the close relative in a limited cycle of the sufferer should be granted with the right of claim for spiritual damage compensation, which is confirmed in law and becomes a practice in foreign countries; The third, since the aim of the law to protect the personality of the dead from infringement is to protect the benefits of the close relatives of the dead and to maintain public benefits, is constituted on the personality of the dead the close relative of the dead may initial legal proceeding for spiritual damage compensation.

探讨以介绍和比较国外相关法律规定和学术理论为前提，结合我国的实际情况，从理论与实践相结合的角度对以上各问题分别进行了分析，并提出了作者自己的一些见解：第一、在公民从受伤害到死亡有一段时间距离的情形下，死者的近亲属除依法享有其固有的精神损害赔偿请求权以外，还可以继承死者生前就其所受之精神损害而享有的精神损害赔偿请求权；第二、在加害人的行为已造成直接受害人残疾，或者是造成其健康严重受损的其他后果的情形下，我国应在借鉴国外已有立法和判例的基础上，赋予一定范围内的受害人近亲属以精神损害赔偿请求权；第三、法律保护死者人格不受侵害的目的是为了保护死者近亲属的利益和维护公共利益，一般情形下，只要死者近亲属能证明其诉讼主体的合法性，能够证实侵害"死者人格"的行为已构成侵权，即可推定死者近亲属因此而遭受了精神痛苦——无须举证的"名义上的精神损害"，死者近亲属即可提起精神损害赔偿之诉。

Significantly increased risks to first- and second-degree relatives for astrocytomas were identified for relatives of astrocytomas considered separately.

单独考虑的星形细胞瘤亲属中一级亲属和二级亲属的风险显著增加。

by means of the interview, visit 50 cancer patients' relative, put and analysis materials obtained ,and research those in aspects of quality and nature Result:Cancer patient's relative was bearing enormous psychological pressure while the close relative suffers from malignant tumour finally, they behaved with astoundment, suspicion, dread,sadness, desperation at the first diagnoses to experienced the pressure and anxiety in the course of treatment accompanying relative.

方法通过访谈形式，访问了50位癌症患者的亲属，将获得的资料进行整理分析和质性研究。结果癌症患者亲属在至亲患有恶性肿瘤过程中承受着巨大的心理压力，表现过程为初诊时的震惊、怀疑、恐惧、焦虑、悲伤、绝望到陪伴亲属治疗过程中所感受到的压力和焦虑。

This article is mainly a discussion on the spiritual damage compensation for close relatives of victim under the situations of damage to right of life, damage to the right of health and damage to the right of personality of the dead, which is based on an introduction and comparison of the concerned foreign legal regulations and academic theories and in combination with the legal practice in China Wherefore the author put forwards his own ideas as following: first, Under the condition that there is a distance of time between injury and death, the close relatives of the dead shall inherit the right of claim for spiritual damage compensation of the dead for the suffering before his death, in addition to their own intrinsic right of claim for spiritual damage compensation; The second, under the condition that the inflictor has caused the disablement of the sufferer or serious damage to his health, the close relative in a limited cycle of the sufferer should be granted with the right of claim for spiritual damage compensation, which is confirmed in law and becomes a practice in foreign countries; The third, since the aim of the law to protect the personality of the dead from infringement is to protect the benefits of the close relatives of the dead and to maintain public benefits, is constituted on the personality of the dead the close relative of the dead may initial legal proceeding for spiritual damage compensation.

探讨以介绍和比较国外相关法律规定和学术理论为前提，结合我国的实际情况，从理论与实践相结合的角度对以上各问题分别进行了分析，并提出了作者自己的一些见解：第一、在公民从受伤害到死亡有一段时间距离的情形下，死者的近亲属除依法享有其固有的精神损害赔偿请求权以外，还可以继承死者生前就其所受之精神损害而享有的精神损害赔偿请求权；第二、在加害人的行为已造成直接受害人残疾，或者是造成其健康严重受损的其他后果的情形下，我国应在借鉴国外已有立法和判例的基础上，赋予一定范围内的受害人近亲属以精神损害赔偿请求权；第三、法律保护死者人格不受侵害的目的是为了保护死者近亲属的利益和维护公共利益，一般情形下，只要死者近亲属能证明其诉讼主体的合法性，能够证实侵害&死者人格&的行为已构成侵权，即可推定死者近亲属因此而遭受了精神痛苦——无须举证的&名义上的精神损害&，死者近亲属即可提起精神损害赔偿之诉。

By the time of its fall, most of the prisoners were writers who had written against the corruptions of the government.

到它被攻陷的时候，里面多数的犯人是写了反对政府贪污文章的作家。

The most obvious variation to ovum morphological character was that the color was changed from light green to sepiaceous in embryonic development, and all the ovums were almost hatched after 96h.

在胚胎发育过程中卵的形态特征最明显的变化是颜色从淡绿到深褐色，卵在发育96h后卵基本全部孵化。